Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product. (T\/F)
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmaceutical development is a high-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing. (T\/F)
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions?
The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The U.S. accounts for about __<\/em> of the world’s pharmaceutical revenues. Which of the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry? According to the manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities? Prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers. (T\/F) The high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines. (T\/F) One of the oldest and least effective pharmaceutical marketing techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising. (T\/F) What influences the number of districts in a region? What is an example of the regionalization of healthcare delivery systems? The heart of a pharmaceutical sales team is the regional manager. (T\/F) Most DMs did not start as representatives. (T\/F) How many territories are in a typical district? What is the most effective method for grabbing market share? Pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies. (T\/F) It usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product. (T\/F) The pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed. (T\/F) According to ch. 12 of the manual, which of the following would classify as “payers”? According to the manual, what defines “ethical pharmaceutical companies”? One of the most disappointing results of the pharmaceutical industry’s continued investment in R & D is the few new drugs being approved and in development. (T\/F) Thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live? How much has the average American lifespan increased since 1890? What is a treatment group? What is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study? What does “asymptomatic” mean? Which term denotes the study of bodily functions (as opposed to structures)? In its broadest definition, a drug is any substance that produces a physical or psychological change in the body. (T\/F) How does the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) define a drug? Which statement about vitamins is correct? ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolites it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. ADME testing is primarily used in what field? Which statement about placebos is correct? On average, only about 5 of 4,000 drugs studied in the lab are eventually studied in people. (T\/F) Which statement is true about drugs taken sublingually? What are 3 of the 7 rights of drug administration? Pro-drugs are administered in an active form, which is metabolized into an inactive form. (T\/F) The kidney of an 85-year-old person excretes drugs only __<\/em> as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person. The normal age-related decrease in kidney function can help doctors determine an appropriate dosage based solely on a person’s age. (T\/F) What differentiates a caplet from a tablet? Where will you find the legend “Caution: Federal Law prohibits dispensing without a prescription”? What happens in slow acetylators? About __<\/em> of the people in the U.S. are “slow acetylators” Which of the following statements about drug-drug interactions is INCORRECT? Smoking decreases the effectiveness of some drugs. Which of the following statements about dietary supplements is INCORRECT? Which statements is\/are INCORRECT about an ideal drug, or “magic bullet” as Ehrlich phrased it? Which statement accurately differentiates resistance from tolerance? Between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the US are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactions. (T\/F) Which statement is true about the universal scale for quantifying the severity of an adverse drug reaction? Why is noncompliance a serious public health concern? Which of the following is NOT eligible for patent protection under US regulations? Drugs’ trade names are often unrelated to their intended use. (T\/F) Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. (T\/F) Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary up to Which of the following statements about biologics is INCORRECT? “Large molecule” products are developed and manufactured by a chemical process. What are drugs that attract or bind to cells receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers? Which term denotes how an API works in the body? What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? What does the medical abbreviation “BID” denote? What is the medical abbreviation for “as needed”? What components might cause patients’ different reactions to brand name and generic drugs? All cells have a nucleus. (T\/F) Which of the following does NOT affect drug response? Drug reactions are predictable because they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions. (T\/F) What is the typical relationship between a drug’s site of administration and site of action? What is CMAX? Which of the following is NOT a main concept in clinical pharmacology? Which of the following is NOT a route of drug administration? How are intradermal drugs delivered? What is an example of intravenous drug delivery? What are the major organs of the gastrointestinal system? Who is normally responsible for selling to distributors? How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. (T\/F) Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. (T\/F) What type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors? What is a group purchasing organization (GPO)? Prescriptions dispensed by mail-order pharmacies are, on average, around __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong> than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. Which of the following is NOT a type of non-stock sale? What is another term for rebates? The PDMA is the Prescription Drug Manufacturers Association. (T\/F) A company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an __<\/em>. Which section of a drug’s package insert information covers the usual dosage range? Drug labels must include indications, usage information, and contradictions. (T\/F) What should be included in the “description” section of a drug’s package insert information? Exclusivity gives exclusive __<\/em>, is granted by the FDA, and can run concurrently with a patent or not. What differentiates exclusivity from a patent? What is required of an invention for it to be worthy of a patent? A generic drug is __<\/em> to the originator brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality. Which of the following is NOT required by the FDA’s criteria for equivalency? What list is generally considered the most reliable source of information on therapeutically equivalent drug products? Which of the following is an Orange Book rating? What is the term for chemical equivalents which, when administered in the same amounts, will provide the same biological or physiological availability as measured by blood and urine levels? What term denotes a drug that is identical or bioequivalent to the originator brand-name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route, quality, performance, characteristics, and intended use? What term denotes the dispensing of an unbranded generic product for the product prescribed? What is the duration of a patent challenge? How is a drug sample closet or cabinet like a grocery store shelf? Pharmaceutical representatives do not typically store and secure their own drug samples. (T\/F) Sampling is sometimes the most important factor in a pharmaceutical rep’s success. (T\/F) The FDA approves storage conditions for drug products. (T\/F) Pharmaceutical representatives must always record the amount of drug samples left and obtain a signature for that amount. (T\/F) What is prohibited by Section 503 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by the Prescription Drug Marketing Act? The federal government does not regulate the drug sampling for a pharmaceutical representative. (T\/F) Which of the following is permitted by Section 503 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act? Which entity issues monographs that define how drugs should be stored, and what variance is allowed in their stated contents? Storage conditions for drug products are based on information supplied by the manufacturer. (T\/F) Medications are usually unaffected by changes in temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental factors. (T\/F) In which cases can degraded drugs SOMETIMES still be used? Drug recalls are almost always negotiated with the FDA beforehand. (T\/F) Which problem would NOT be improved by electronic prescribing systems? What should you do if you receive a shipment from your employer and you notice that there are twice as many samples as what is posted on the packing slip? Which area of drug R&D has seen the largest cost increases? On average, how long does it take for a new drug to be developed (i.e., from the discovery of the initial compound to FDA approval)? Which of the following regulatory agencies is industry-based (i.e., run mainly by the companies themselves)? Which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process? The landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients. (T\/F) According to the manual, which type of system is the best way to deliver healthcare? How would increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the US healthcare system? Which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector? What was the intent of the Bayh-Dole Act and the Stevenson-Wylder Technology Innovation Act? According to the manual, what did the G10 Medicines Group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the European Union (EU)? The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. (T\/F) Toxicity information in preclinical studies helps provide confidence about a drug’s safety. (T\/F) Pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under Good Laboratory Practice. (T\/F) Why do drugs administered to patients only contain APIs? Which of the following does NOT affect a drug’s ability to permeate membranes? Through which barriers can lipid-soluble drugs usually pass? How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? Which of the following routes of administration do NOT completely bypass the liver? Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered transdermally? which of the following does NOT affect a drug’s distribution to its target tissues? Which of these medical terms means “to apply the drug on the skin surface”? Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. (T\/F) According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? Which statement about IRB is INCORRECT? Which phases of clinical studies are “open label” and which are blinded? If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? Which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of subjects with a certain disease and a control group without the disease, and then looks to back in time (i.e. via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors? Which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations? Which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (i.e. lung infections per year)? Which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the population mean? Which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring? What are the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis? What section of a clinical paper describes subject’s’ entry and exclusion criteria? Which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (i.e. the study’s general design and operating features)? When designing and performing clinical trials, several ethical constraints must be considered. Which of the following is NOT one of these ethical constraints? What is one way in which “large molecule” drugs DIFFER from “small molecule” drugs? Which of the following statements about vaccines is INCORRECT? What is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines? How are toxoids derived? What is an estimated annual death toll for malaria? There are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body. (T\/F) How was insulin primarily obtained from the 1930s to the 1980s? Which of the following are NOT types of cytokines? Which of the following is NOT a type of hormones? Which of the following is a basic gene therapy technique? Which statement about stem cells is CORRECT? Leukemia is a condition in which the stem cells in the bone marrow malfunction and produce an excessive number of immature white blood cells. (T\/F) Which of the following are types of vectors used in gene therapy? Which of the following is NOT a type of stem cell? Traditional vaccines are prepared in a number of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of them? Effective drug therapy is a cost-effective and highly valuable means of controlling total healthcare expenditures and improving quality of life. (T\/F) Drug utilization review (DUR) programs\u2026 DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians’ prescribing patterns. (T\/F) A formulary is a list of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage. (T\/F) The history of drug formularies in the US extends back to\u2026 Which of these is NOT a type of formulary? Which of the following is NOT a recent formulary trend? What did the Hatch-Waxman Act do? What is the opportunity cost? According to your manual, the three primary entities that fund pharmaceuticals are employers, the government (Medicare and Medicaid), and _<\/strong>. Which of these individuals would NOT be a member of a P&T committee? Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider, or a point-of-service plan. (T\/F) Pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploiting another’s brands than in acquiring another’s R&D and sales and marketing assets. (T\/F) Ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin? Which of the following is an example of an “expressive” value? According to your manual, which of the following is NOT an example of a “functional” value? It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify. (T\/F) To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. (T\/F) With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. (T\/F) How has DTC advertising changed over the last few decades? Pharmaceutical companies spend more on promotional activities than R&D. (T\/F) Which of the following would be MOST well-served by mass-market print and TV ads? Which of the following is the least commonly analyzed fluid for conducting a medical diagnostic test? “Gold standard” testing achieves the greatest results among the diagnostic testing measurements. Gold standards provide the best understanding of what is happening to a patient so cost is not a factor when deciding to run these tests routinely. (T\/F) Every test has some risk. The risk may be the possibility of injury during the test, or it may be the need for further testing is the results are abnormal. (T\/F) For genetic testing, which of the below cell material is not commonly used for examination to check abnormalities of chromosomes, genes (including DNA), or both? There are 4 common sites for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Which of the below is not one of them? DEXA is the only method that may be used to make a definitive diagnosis of osteoporosis and to monitor the response to treatment. (T\/F) Which of the below tests uses a small needle censors (electrodes) to record the electrical activity in selected muscles and peripheral nerves during rest? Wearable and implantable test technologies currently in development will allow for constant monitoring of body chemistry and collection of previously inaccessible data. (T\/F) Diagnostic tests are never used to detect, confirm, or rule out the presence of a disease or medical condition. (T\/F) Diagnostic tests are done for a variety of reasons, which of the below is not a reason to perform a diagnostic test? Many diagnostic tests are considered to be of a general therapeutic are and are not specified. (T\/F) The most sensitive screening tool to detect osteoporosis — a disorder characterized by fragile, weak bones due to a drop in bone mass and increased risk of fracture is the Arthrocentesis diagnostic test. (T\/F) Neurodiagnostic tests are done because of a patients illness or condition are most likely based in the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord). Which of the below is not a sign of nervous system disorder? The Electroencephalogram (EEG or brain wave test) is a non-invasive procedure used to detect and record brain wave cell activity. (T\/F) A coronary anlogram is obtained by injecting an iodine-based dye or other contrast agent into the bloodstream and taking x-rays of the coronary arteries. (T\/F) How do companies use prescriber data? Under PhRMA Code, which of the following is acceptable? Under the AMA Guidelines on Gifts to Physicians from Industry, which gifts are NOT permitted? Under PhRMA code, which of the following actions by sales reps are permitted? The PhRMA code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals is only voluntary and not mandatory. (T\/F) Which of the following would NOT be considered acceptable promotional items under PhRMA code? Under PhRMA Code, what is one example of an acceptable patient education item? Under what circumstances does PhRMA code permit a company to provide entertainment or recreational activities to healthcare practitioners? Under PhRMA Code, may a company sponsor a lunch at a 3-day conference if part of it includes an educational program for which attendees may choose to receive CME credit? Which of following is an arm of the Department of Health and Human Services that investigates regulatory infractions, provides compliance advice, and brings enforcement actions? It is illegal to ask receptionists for personal information about your clients such as home phone numbers, birthdays, or hobbies. (T\/F) Which of the following is NOT a primary goal or function of the P&T committee? Which of the following is a major challenge facing family medicine? According to your manual, family physicians diagnose and treat approx. what proportion of patients they see (as opposed to referring them to specialists)? Which of the following is NOT one of the steps on the Product Adoption Continuum? Which of the following would be classified as a type of somatic psychiatric treatment? Why is the last 10 minutes of each hour usually the best time to make office visits to psychiatrists? What is\/are advantages of selling to residents? What is drug utilization review (DUR)? What is the focus of the short call protocol? Who is the Medical Sales Liaison (MSL)? What type of education for MSLs typically have? How do companies typically judge the MSL team’s contributions? What differentiates “push through” programs from “pull through” programs? Which of these is NOT a type of “pull through” program? Because pharmaceutical sales reps work mostly out of their home it is not important for a rep to work well in a team environment. (T\/F) What is the MOST LIKELY reason that a doctor would lack interest in one of your clinical studies? Which of the following is NOT an effective method for reaching the 65+ market? When a physician visits your hospital for a day, you should begin conversation by asking, “Can I help you?” Which of the following is NOT a rule in making the most out of your sales calls? Specialty care products are often prescribed by generalist physicians. (T\/F) Side effects that might be considered merely minor annoyances in acute treatment can be a powerful barrier to adoption in chronic therapies. (T\/F) Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. (T\/F) In some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician. (T\/F) Blockbuster drug status typically translates into sales of just under $10 million annually. (T\/F) A generic drug manufacturer’s greatest challenge is often to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. (T\/F) What differentiates an “orphan” drug from a “blockbuster” drug? How long are most calls and visits to physicians’ offices (excluding waiting and driving time)? Which of the following is NOT a step in managing rumors? According to the text, which of the following is considered “going to the next level”? What is one of the primary job responsibilities of a retail pharmacist? What is NOT one of the ways in which pharmaceutical companies and reps categorize their customers? Which of the following are relatively new prescription drug benefits covered under the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement & Modernization Act? Which term means “disease producer”? Which type of blood cell plays the most prominent role in fighting infection and disease? Which of the following generally resides on a cell surface (or in the cytoplasm) and causes a biological change or activity when stimulated? Renal pertains to: What term denotes the practice of locating genes on a chromosome? What field is MOST concerned with drug effects due to slight genetic differences? Which entity or entities fund\/s the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? With respect to your manual, what does IDN stand for? What is SS an abbreviation for? What term is used to denote drugs that are non-biological (i.e. chemical) in nature? When referring to medication dosage, which medical abbreviation denotes “hour”? Which of the following terms denotes the study of drugs’ beneficial and toxic effects on living cells, tissues, and organisms? What are specialized cells and tissues that work together to perform a specific body function for a common purpose? What is the mechanism of action? What is plasma? What is anaphylaxis? Which of the following is NOT a way in which CNS agents are used? How do cholinergic agonists work? Which of the following types of therapeutic agents is used to promote blood clot formation? Which of the following is NOT a type of gastrointestinal agent? What is one of the main functions of a tocolytic agent? Which of these conditions is NOT treated with antiandrogens? which types of patients are MOST likely to receive immune globulins? What is iron’s primary function in the body? Which of the following is NOT a type of anti-infectant? What is one difference between entry-level and experienced resumes? Which statement about targeted cover letters is true? Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions The U.S. accounts for about __<\/em> of the world’s pharmaceutical revenues Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising what influences the number of districts in a region what is an example of the regionalization off healthcare delivery systems the heart of pharmaceutical sales is the regional manager most DMs did not start as representatives how many territories are in a typical district what is the most effective method for grabbing market share pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies it usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product the pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed according to chapter 12 of your manual, which of the following would classify as “payers” according to your manual, what defines “ethical pharmaceutical companies one of the most diappointing results of the pharmaceutical industry’s continued investment in R & D is the few new drugs being approved and in development thanks to modern medicines, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live how much has the average american lifespan increased since 1890 what is a treatment group what is the main difference between a blinded and double-blinded study what does “asymptomatic” mean what term denotes the study of bodily functions (as opposed to structures) In its broadest definition, a drug is any substance that produces a physical or psychological change in the body how does the federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FFDCA) define a drug which statement about vitamins is correct ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. ADME testing is primarily used in what field which statement about placebos is correct on average, only about 5 off 4,000 drugs studied in the labratory are eventually studied in people which statement is true about drugs taken sublingually what are 3 off the 7 rights of drug administration pro-drugs are administered in an active form, which is metabolized into an inactive form the kidney of an 85-year-old persion excretes drugs only __<\/em> as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person the normal age-related decrease in kidney function cem help doctors determine an appropiate dosage based soley on a person’s age what differentiates a caplet from a tablet what will you find the legend “Caution: federal law prohibits dispensing wihtout a prescription what happens to slow acetylators About _<\/em> of the people in the U.S. are “slow acetylators” which of the following statements about drug-drug interactions is incorrect Smoking decreases the effectiveness of some drugs which of the following statements about dietary supplements is incorrect which statement\/s is\/are incorrect about an ideal drug, or “magic bullet” as Ehrlich phrased it which statement accurately differentiates resistance from tolerance between 3% and 7% of hospital admissions in the United States are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactoins which statement is true about the universal scale for quantiffying the severity of an adverse drug reaction why is noncomplience a serios public healthy concern which of the following is NOT eligible for patent protection under U.S. regulations drugs’ trade names are often unrelated to their intended use Like foods and household products, generic drugs are usually lower quality than the brand name drugs for which they are marketed as equivalents. Legally, bioequivalence of different versions of a drug can vary by up to __<\/em><\/strong>. which of the following statements about biologics is incorrect “large molecules” products are developed and manuffactured by a chemical process what are drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance activities by endogenous chemical messengers Which term denotes how an API works in the body? What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? what does the medical abbreviation “BID” denote what is the medical abbreviation for “as needed” what components might cause patients’ different reactions to brand name and generic drugs all cells have a nucleus which of the following does not affect drig response drug reactions are predictable becasue they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one or more times without any allergic reactions what is the typical relationship between a drug’s site of administration and site of action what is CMAX which of the following is not a main concept in clinical pharmacology which of the following is not a route of drug administration How are intradermal drugs delivered? what is an example of intravenous drug delivery what are the major organs of the gastrointestinal system who is normally responsible for selling to distributors How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. what type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors what is a group purchasing organization (GPO) Prescriptions dispensed by mail-order pharmacies are, on average, around __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong> than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. which of the following is not a type of non-stock sale what is another term for rebates the PDMA is the presciption drug manufacturers association a company that owns and operates three or fewer pharmacies is an which section of a drug’s package insert infformation covers the usual dosage range Drug labels must include indications and usage information, as well as contraindications. what should be included in the “description” section off a drug’s package insert information Exclusivity gives exclusive _<\/strong>, is granted by the FDA, and can run concurrently with a patent or not. what differentiates exclusivity from a patent what is required of an invention for it to be worthy of patent protection a generic drug is _<\/em> to the originator brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality which of the following is not required by the FDA’s Criteria for Equivalency A generic drug is __<\/em> to the originatory brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality what list is generally considered the most reliable source of information on therapeutically equivalent drug products which of the following is an Orange Book rating what is the term for chemical equivalents which, when administered in the same amounts, will provide the same biological or physiological availability as measured by blood and urine levels what term denotes a drug that is identical or bioequivalent to the originator brand-name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route, quality, performance, characteristics, and intended use what term denotes the dispensing of an unbranded generic product for the product prescribed what is the duration off a patent challenge How is a drug sample closet or cabinet like a grocery store shelf? pharmaceutical representatives do not typically store and secure their own drug samples Sampling is sometimes the most important factor in a pharmaceutical rep’s success. the FDA approves storage conditions for drug products pharmaceutical representatives must alwasy record the amount of drug samples left and obtain a signature for that amount what is prohibited by Section 503 of the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act, as amended by the prescription drug marketing act the federal government does not regulate the drug sampling for a pharmaceutical representative which of the following is permitted by Section 503 of the federal food, drug and cosmetic act which entity issues monographs that define how drugs should be stored, and what variance is allowed in their stated contents Storage conditions for drug products are based on information supplied by the manufacturer medications are usually unaffected by changes in temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental factors In which cases can degraded drugs SOMETIMES still be used? Drug recalls are almost always negotiated with the FDA beforehand. Which problem would NOT be improved by electronic prescribing systems? what should you do if you recieve a shipment from your employer and you notice that there are twice as many samples as what is posted on the packing slip which area of drugs R&D has seen the largest cost increases on average, how long does it take for a new drug to be developed (I.e., from the discovery of the initial compound to FDA approval) which of the following regulatory agencies is industry- based (I.c., run mainly by the companies themselves) which of the following factors has simplified the pharmaceutical R&D process the landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was a major step forward in enabling safe and effective new drugs and biologics to be made available sooner to patients according to your manual, which type of system is the best wat to deliever healthcare how would increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the U.S. healthcare system which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector what was the intent of the Bayh-Dole Act and Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act according to your manual, what did the G10 medicines group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the european union (EU) The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. toxicity infformation in preclinical studies helps provide confidence about a drug’s safety pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under good laboratory practice Why do drugs administered to patients only contain APIs? which of the following does not affect a drug’s ability to permeate membranes Through which barriers can lipid-soluble drugs usually pass? How are weak acid drugs generally absorbed by the stomach? which of the following routes of administration do no completely bypass the liver Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered transdermally? which of the following does not affect a drug’s distribution to its target tissues which of these medical terms means “to apply the drug on the skin surface” Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? which statement about the IRB in incorrect Which phases of clinical studies are open label and which are blinded? If it is not possible to measure the direct effects of a drug, what is used instead? which of the following is an observational study that first identifies a group of subject with a certain disease and a control group without the disease, and then looks to back in time (e.g. via chart reviews) to find exposure to risk factors which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations which measurement describes the number of new events that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (e.g. lung infections per year) which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the populaton mean which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring What are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? what section of a clincal paper describes subjects’ entry and exclusion criteria which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (I.e. the study’s general design and operating features) when designing and performing clincal trials, several ethical constraintes must be considered. which of the following is NOT one of these ethical constraints what is one way in which “large molecule” drugs DIFFER from “small molecule” drugs which of the following statements about vaccines is incorrect what is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines how are toxoids derived what is the estimated annual death toll for malaria there are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body how was insulin primarily obtaines from the 1930’s to the 1980’s which of the following are not types of cytokines which of the following is not a type of hormone which of the following is a basic gene therapy technique which statements about stem cells is correct Leukemia is a condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce functional white blood cells to fight infection. which of the following are types of vectors used in gene therapy which of the following is not a type of stem cell Traditional vaccines are prepared in a number of ways. What way is NOT one of them? Effective drug therapy is a cost-effective and highly valuable means of controlling total healthcare expenditures and improving quality of life. Drug Utilization Review (DUR) programs DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians’ prescribing patterns. A formulary is a list of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage. The history of drug formularies in the U.S. extends back to\u2026 which of these is not a type of formulary which of the following is not a recent formulary trend What did the Hatch-Waxman Act do? What is opportunity cost? according to your manual, the three primary entities that fund pharmaceuticals are employers, the government (medicare and medicaid) and which of these individuals would not be a member of a P&T committee Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploiting another’s brand than in acquiring another’s R&D and sales and marketing assets ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin which of the following is an example of a “expressive” value according to you rmanual, which of the following is not an example of a “functional” value It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. How has DTC advertising changed over the last few decades? which of the following most strongly influences physicians’ prescribing habits pharmaceutical companies spend more onpromotional activities than on R&D which of the following would be most well-served by mass-market print and tv adds which of the below is the least commonly analyzed fluid for conducting a medical diagnostic test “gold standard” testing achieves the greatest results amoung the diagnostic testing measurements. gold standards provide the best understanding of what is happening to a patient so cost is not a factor when deciding to run these tests routinely every test has some risk. the risk may be the possibility off injury during the test, or it may be the need for further testing if the results are abnormal for genetic testing, which of the below cell materials is not commonly used for examination to check abnormalities off chromosomes, genes (including DNA) or both there are 4 common test sites for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. which of the below is not one of them DEXA is the only method that may be used to make a definitive diagnosis of osteoporosis and to monitor the response to treatment which of the below tests uses a small needle censors (electrodes) to record the esetrical activity in selected muscles and peripheral nerves during rest wearable and implantable test technologies currenlty in development will allow for constant monitoring off body chemistry and collection of previously inaccessible data diagnostic tests are never used to detect, confirm, or rule out the presence of a disease or medical condition diagnositic testes are done for a variety of reasons, which of the below is not a reason to perform a diagnostic test many diagnostic tests are considered to be of a general therapeutic are and are not specified the most sensitive screening tool to detect osteoporosis- a disorder characterized by fragile, weak bones due to a drop in bone mass and increased risk of fractire is the arthrocentesis diagnostic test neurodiagnostic tests are done because of patients illness or condition are mostly based in the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord). which of the below is not a sign of a nervous system disorder the electroencephalogram (EEG or brain wave test) is a non-invasive procedure used to detect and record brain wave activity a coronary aniogram is obtained by injecting an iodine- based dye or other contrast agent into the bloodstream and takin x-rays of the coronary arteries how do companies use prescriber data Under PhRMA Code, what of the following is acceptable Under the AMA Guidelines on Gifts to Physicians from Industry, which gifts are NOT permitted? under PhRMA code, which of the following actions by sales reps are permitted the PhRMA Code on interactions with healthcare professional is only voluntary and not mandatory which of the following would not be considered acceptable promotional items under PhRMA Code Under PhRMA Code, what is one example of an acceptable patient education item? under what circumstances does PhRMA code permit a company to provide entertainment or recreational activities to healthcare practitioners Under PhRMA Code, may a company sponsor a lunch at a 3-day conference if part of it includes an educational program for which attendees may choose to receive CME credit? which of the following is an arm of the department of health and human services that investigates regulatory infarctions, provides compliance advice, and brings enforcement actions It is illegal to ask receptionists for personal information about your clients such as home phone numbers, birthdays, or hobbies. A. TRUE which of the following is not a primary goal or function of the P&T committee which of the following is a major challenge facing family medicine according to your manual, family physicians diagnose and treat approximately what proportion of patients they see (as ossposed to reffering them to specialists) which of the following are steps on the product adoption continuum which of the following would be classified as a type of somatic psychiatric treatment Why is the last 10 minutes of each hour usually the best time to make office visits to psychiatrists? What is\/are an advantage\/s of selling to residents? What is drug utilization review (DUR)? what is the focus of the short call protocol Who is the Medical Science Liaison (MSL)? what type of feducation do MSLs typically have how do companies typically judge the MSL team’s contributions what differentiates “push through” programs from “pull through” programs which of these are a type of “pull through” program becasue pharmaceutical sales reps mostly out of their homes, it is not important that they work well in a team environment what is the most likely reason that a doctor would lack interest in one of your clinical studies which of the following are an effective method for researching the 65+ market when a physician visits your hospital display, you should begin the converstation by asking “can I help you” which of the following is not a rule in making the most out of your sales calls Specialty care products are often prescribed by generalist physicians. side effects that might be considered merely minor annoyances in acute treatment can be a powerfful barrier to adoption in chronic therapies Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. in some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician Blockbuster drug status typically translates into sales of just under $10 million annually. A generic drug manufacturer’s greatest challenge is often to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. what differentiates an “orphan” drug from a “blockbuster” drug How long are most calls and visits to physicians’ offices (excluding waiting and driving time)? which of the following is not a step in managing rumoms according to the text, which of the following is considered “going to the next level” what is one of the primary job responsibilities of a retail pharmacist what is not one of the ways in pharmaceutical companies and representatives categorize their customers which of the following are relatively new prescription drug benefits covered under the medicare prescription improvement & modernization act which term means “disease producer” which type of blood cell plays the most prominent role in fighting infection and disease which of the following generally resides on a cell surface (or in the cytoplasm) and causes a biological change or activity when stimulated renal pertains to what term denotes the practice of locating genes on a chromosome What field is MOST concerned with drug effects due to slight genetic differences? Which entity or entities fund\/s the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? with respect to the material in you manual, what does IDN stand for What is SS an abbreviation for? what term is used to denote drugs that are non-biological (I.e. chemical) in nature when referring to medication dosage, which medical abbriviation denotes “hour” which of the following terms denotes the study of drugs ‘beneficial and toxic effects on living cells, tissues, and organisms’ what are specialized cells and tissues that work together to perform a specific body function for a common purpose what is the mechanism of action what is plasma What is anaphylaxis? which of the following are a way in which CNS agents are used How do cholinergic agonists work? which of the following types of therapeutic agents is used to promote blood clot formation which of the following is not a type off gastrointestinal agents what is one of the main functions off a tocolytic agent which of the conditions is not treated with antiandrogens which types of patients are MOST likely to receive immune globulins? What is iron’s primary function in the body? which of the following is not a type of anti-infectant what is one difference between entry-level and experienced resumes which statement about targeted cover letters is true The FDA regulates the introduction of new drugs and enforces U.S. drug laws. Pharma companies must submit extensive data to the FDA demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of new drugs before receiving approval for sale. Average review time for a new drug Sales Team The “engine of innovation,” focused on discovering or inventing promising new product. This includes supply chain, manufacturing, trade, and distribution functions of the business. In 2012, FDA regulators approved 39 new drugs for use in the U.S. 3,070 new meds are in development for cancer. Define Off-label Toxicity Institutional review Board (IRB) Placebo Edema Asymptomatic Clinical Pharmacology Anatomy Physiology Basic clinical pharmacology involves 3 main concepts Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Drug distribution & elimination Plasma Organs Nucleus Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals Water is NOT a nutrient Body’s Major Systems Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion It takes about 10 years for a drug to hit the market Routes of drug administration Seven rights of drug administration Bioavailability Bioequivalent Therapeutic equivalence Drug elimination and Excretion Drug Forms Patent last 20 years Inactive ingredients Pharmaceutical Ingredients BID Cmax Half-life PRN QD QID Protein binding TID Titration Tmax STAT Primary wholesale distributors Secondary wholesale distributors Distribution Terminology Average wholesale price (AWP) Chain drug store Drop shipment Group purchasing organization (GPO) Upcharge Package Insert Info Drug Patents Orange Book ratings Hatch-Waxman Act It is important not to change the order of a sample closet Manufacturers and distributors are required to have systems to monitor and audit the distribution of their drug samples Meticulous records must be kept of sample inventories and reps are required to account for their samples periodically. Representatives are required to store samples in a secure area where people cannot access them without permission and where they will not be subjected to extremes of temperature, moisture, and contamination A sample closet or cabinet is essentially similar to a grocery store shelf. The more visibility you can give your drug, the more likely it will be used. In some situations, a physician may sign the paperwork before the number of samples has been recorded Section 503 E-sampling Many pharmaceutical manufacturers set expiration dates every six months (June, December) DEA regulates the distribution and use of narcotics and other controlled substances FTC AMA Benefits of Government-Industry Partnerhsips Preclinical studies Pinocytosis Transport Mechanisms Absorption methods The liver is the major organ for metabolizing drugs. Secondary is kidney CL= rate of drug elimination\/drug concentration in blood In vitro assays are increasingly being see because they are usually less expensive, offer more rapid results, and are not as prone to negative publicity. Clinical Trials Subjects should be informed about the aims, methods, risks, and benefits of the trial Four phases of clinical trials Regulatory Requirement terms Investigator Sponsor Protocol Epidemiology Therapeutic Vaccines Toxoids Vector-based vaccines Peptide Vaccines Adjuvants Cytokines are produced mainly by the leukocytes (white blood cells) Hormones are intercellular messengers. Retrovirus Adendovirus Liposomes Naked DNA Gene Therapy types Stem Cells Managed Care Formulary Opportunity cost Branding Values Functional Values 6 stages of brand strategy Pharmetrics Brands should be: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) Factors that influence DTC Gifts PhRMA Code AMA Gift guidelines Any gifts accepted by physicians individually should entail a benefit to the patient and not be of substantial value Individual gifts of minimal value (Under $100) are permissible as long as the gifts are related to the work Subsidies should not be accepted to pay for the costs of travel, lodging, or other personal expenses. Paying for a modest meal is OK PhRMA Code on relationships PhRMA FAQ Nursing Structures Sales techniques Medicare part D Organizing your day Traits of Pharma sales Rep Glossary Exclusivity is granted for an orphan drug for __<\/em> Patents are applied for with, and granted by the FDA. Patents expire after how many years from the date of filing? Generic drugs are not regulated by the Food & Drug Administration. The most reliable source of information for determining therapeutically equivalent drug products are Pharmaceutical representatives will typically store and secure their own drug samples Pharmaceutical representatives must always record the amount of drug samples left and obtain signature for that amount. The federal government does not regulate the drug sampling for a pharmaceutical representative Storage conditions for drug products are based on data and information supplied by the manufacturer Drug recalls are almost always negotiated with the FDA beforehand. The PDMA is the Prescription Drug Manufacturers Association. Primary wholesale distributors buy most of their drugs directly from __<\/strong> The AWP is a published __<\/strong> price, suggested by drug manufacturers. Rebates are also referred to as after-market arrangements. Drug labels must include indications and usage information, as well as contraindications. A patent owner has the right to exclude others from making, using, selling or importing into the US the __<\/em> it describes. Exclusivity gives exclusive __<\/strong>, which is granted by the FDA, and can run concurrently with a patent or not. Exclusivity is granted for an orphan drug for _<\/em><\/strong> years. A generic drug is __<\/strong> to the originator brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality. Generic drugs are not regulated by the FDA. The Orange Book is considered the most authoritative manual on therapeutic __<\/strong>. The Hatch-Waxman Act is considered the most significant drug-related __<\/strong> affecting the pharmaceutical industry since 1962. First pass metabolism occurs when a drug administered orally is metabolized in the __<\/em><\/strong>. Pharmacological studies using animals are regulated under Good Laboratory Practice. Monoclonal antibodies are created in laboratories to target the __<\/em><\/strong> of patients to kill cancer. The best way to deliver health care is through a __<\/em><\/strong> system. The costs for all phases of R&D for drug companies are rising, with the increase particularly acute for _<\/strong>. The agency which regulates the distribution and use of narcotics and other controlled substances is _<\/em><\/strong>. The FDA approves storage conditions for drug products. The most important benefit of electronic prescribing is related to patient __<\/strong>. Patients with leukemia have a condition in which the stem cells in the bone marrow malfunction and produce an excessive number of immature white blood cells, which interfere with normal blood cell production. There are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body. Unlike the small molecule drugs (pharmaceuticals) described, large molecule drugs (biopharmaceuticals) are mainly protein-based. The duration for Phase III of the clinical trial can typically last 3-5 years. The aim of the Phase IV clinical trial is to examine the safety and effectiveness of the drug in the targeted disease group. Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. Which one of the below terms is not a route for excreting a drug from the body? Which of the below terms means “to apply the drug on the skin surface”? Diffusion is the random movement of molecules in fluid Most drugs that are administered to patients typically contains just one active pharmaceutical ingredient. Toxicity information in preclinical studies provides confidence about a drugs safety aspect. The aim of pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. Effective drug therapy typically is a cost-effective and highly valuable means of controlling total healthcare expenditures and improving quality of life. Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians’ prescribing patterns. The Hatch-Waxman Act made it more difficult for generic manufacturers to manufacture and distribute off-patent drugs and compete with R & D companies. PBM’s tend to serve a local market through a network of pharmacies. The chief motivating force in mergers and acquisitions within the pharmaceutical industry is the desire of one company to acquire and exploit more successfully the brands of another. It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify. To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. DTC advertising has become a required tactical consideration for most pharmaceutical brands in the U.S.. Subjects for clinical trials are selected on the basis of _<\/strong> The pivotal trial is Phase __<\/strong> of the clinical trial. The “road map” for a clinical research paper is called the _<\/em><\/strong>. Pharmaceutical reps should thoroughly read _<\/em><\/strong> sections of clinical studies when results are released. The three major areas in which biologics are used are prophylactic, _<\/em><\/strong>, and replacement therapy. A formulary is a list of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage. Three primary entities fund pharmaceuticals: employer, government (Medicare and Medicaid), and __<\/strong>. The more a patient is asked to pay for his\/her medication, the greater likelihood that he\/she will refuse to fill the prescription, pr will not take the medication properly. The key areas in hospitals that require special selling tactics are __<\/strong>, formulary committee, and the medical education department. Opportunity Cost refers to the value of a sacrificed alternative, when making a choice using resources. One of the oldest and least effective pharmaceutical marketing techniques is the direct-to-consumer advertising. Typically it only takes 1-2 calls to an individual physician before you can successfully get a physician to commit to prescribing your drug or product. One of the most disappointing results of the pharmaceutical industry’s continued investment in R & D is the few number of new drugs being approved and in development. The extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body. The US accounts for about __<\/em> of all the world’s pharmaceutical revenues. The most effective method for grabbing market share is: Most visits by pharmaceutical reps are to pharmacies. Among the biotechnology medications under development, about _<\/strong> target cancer. A _<\/strong> is an inactive medication with no treatment value, used in experimental studies. The heart of a pharmaceutical sales team is the Regional Manager. Almost 98% of employed Americans are now covered by a HMO, a preferred provider organization, or a point-of-service plan. DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians’ prescribing patterns. The Hatch-Waxman Act made it more difficult for generic manufacturers to manufacture and distribute off-patent drugs and compete with R & D companies PBM’s tend to serve a local market through a network of pharmacies. The chief motivating force in mergers and acquisitions within the pharmaceutical industry is the desire of one company to acquire and exploit more successfully the brands of another. It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. With the global need for new drugs, pharmaceutical brand names are not subject to regulatory approval. DTC advertising has become a required tactical consideration for most pharmaceutical brands in the U.S.. Because pharmaceutical sales reps work mostly out of their home it is not important for a rep to work well in a team environment. Specialty care products are often prescribed by generalist physicians. In some medical cases, a therapy may be initiated by a specialist and monitored and maintained by a primary care physician. Acute medications, such as antibiotics, are used to address short-term illnesses or symptoms. Side effects that might be considered merely minor annoyances in acute treatment can be a powerful barrier to adoption in chronic therapies. The greatest challenge for a generics manufacturer is to replicate drug formulation factors that affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the original drug. What is one of the biggest time wasters for a pharmaceutical sales rep? “Pull through” refers to: Which of the following is not a part of the Seven Step Cascade of Emotion? Which is not a rule in making the most out of your sales call? What do retail pharmacists do? Which is a step to becoming an indispensable pharmaceutical sales rep? Which is not a step to plan for rumors? Customers purchase products from people they like, trust, and respect. This is the: According to the text, which of the following is considered “going to the next level?” clinical effect pathology New prescription drug benefits covered under the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement & Modernization Act: tertiary care Literally “disease producer”: A type of blood cell that helps the body fight infection and disease: SS Dividing a group of physicians and other potential prescribers for a certain category of drugs based on anticipated prescription volume: The substances comprising all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients, including fillers, colors, and other excipients used to prepare dosage forms: A low supply of oxygen due to low blood flow is: The acronym for pharmacokinetics is: According to the text, there are _<\/em> classes of therapeutic drugs. Oral Glaucoma Therapy is classified as: internist IDN Another name for biologic compound is: SS is an abbreviation for: The _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong> is used to determine appropriate medical reimbursement. A term used to refer to drugs that are non-biological (that is, chemical) in nature: The origin, or cause, of a disease or a patient’s symptoms: Used when referring to medication dosage, means “as needed”: Where the tolerance of one medication may result in increased tolerance of another medication? The study of the effects, both beneficial and toxic, of drugs and chemicals on living cells, tissues, organisms: A substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen: A site in the body which generally resides on a cell surface or within the cytoplasm. When stimulated or occupied, a biological change\/activity takes place: Refers to medication dosage, means “hour”: Outside a living body: The meaning of subcutaneous is: The acronym for effective dose is: ML stands for: According to the text, depression is a disease that attacks the: Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product. (T\/F)true Pharmaceutical development is a high-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing. (T\/F)true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions?The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about __ of the world’s pharmaceutical revenues.50% Which of the following has fueled recent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110156\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
population growth and increased life expectancies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Partnerships between pharmaceutical companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the region’s population<\/p>\n\n\n\n
California and Florida have different prescription reimbursement policies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8 to 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comparative selling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
employers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
researching and developing novel drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
another 50 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
almost 30 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a group of patients assigned to receive a specific treatment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
in a double blinded study, neither the study staff nor the study participants know which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control<\/p>\n\n\n\n
not exhibiting signs or symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
physiology<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease, or a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
most of the body’s required vitamins must be taken from outside the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacokinetics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
around 50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in swallowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
on the label of all prescription drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferase tend to reach higher blood levels and remain in the body longer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drug-drug interactions are always harmful<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Because dietary supplements are not drugs, interactions with drugs are not a concern<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All are correct<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
tolerance refers to a person’s diminished response to a drug after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganisms’ or “cancel” cells’ abilities to withstand drug effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
none of these statements are true because there is no such scale<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
it increases the cost of medical care<\/p>\n\n\n\n
companies can be granted patents for all of these things<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
20%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they do not cause immune responses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
agonists<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mechanism of action<\/p>\n\n\n\n
binders<\/p>\n\n\n\n
twice a day<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PRN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
difference in inactive ingredients<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All of these factors influence drug response<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they are usually somewhat removed from each other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the peak plasma concentration of a measuring curve<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacoprocesses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transfugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
by injections under the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an injection of anesthetic directly into the bloodstream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-mouth
-esophagus
-stomach
-liver
-pancreas
-gallbladder
-small and large intestines<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NAMs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sometimes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
manufacturer-direct sales<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 times larger<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All of these are examples of non-stock sales<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
after-market arrangements<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
independent drug store<\/p>\n\n\n\n
indications and usage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drug’s proprietary name and the established name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
marketing rights<\/p>\n\n\n\n
exclusivity is only granted upon the drug’s FDA approval<\/p>\n\n\n\n
it must be novel, useful, and not obvious<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bioequivalent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drugs contain identical amounts of the same inactive ingredients<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Evidence”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
biological equivalents<\/p>\n\n\n\n
generic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
generic substitution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
180 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the more visibility you can give your drug, the more likely that it will be prescribed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the sale, purchase, or trade or offer to sell, purchase, or trade prescription drug samples<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
United States Pharmacopoeial Convention<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
when the amount of remaining drug has not fallen lower than 85-90% of that stated on the label<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
call your sales manager to inform him\/her or the mistake and ask for instructions on proper procedure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
clinical trials<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10-15 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufactures of America (PhRMA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a market-based system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
increased price controls would stifle innovation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
to hasten the commercialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used<\/p>\n\n\n\n
there is poor collaboration between publicly- and privately-funded research centers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they dont<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drug’s vesicles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cell membranes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
more quickly than weak basic drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rectal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to the target site<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all of these factors affect a drug’s ability to reach the target site<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transdermal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scientific objectives<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The members of the IRB\/IEC must be experts in the topic of the study<\/p>\n\n\n\n
phase I and IV trials are often open label, but phase II and III are double-blinded or at least blinded<\/p>\n\n\n\n
surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels<\/p>\n\n\n\n
case-control study<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
incidence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
standard error of the mean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
validity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
methods of survival analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
methods<\/p>\n\n\n\n
protocol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
geographic variations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
large molecule drugs are mainly protein-based drugs that develop in biological systems such as living cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vaccine development focuses on how to reduce virulence while retaining the ability to produce immunity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
attenuated vaccines are less expensive to produce<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from toxins secreted by a pathogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.5-3.5 million people<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
porcine and bovine extracts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
monokines, interferons, and interleukins are all types of cytokines<\/p>\n\n\n\n
blood glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
in vitro, in which patients’ genetically faulted tissues are removed, loaded with normal genes in vectors, and returned to the patients’ bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pluripotent stem cells can develop into many cell types, but not a new individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
retroviruses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
semipotent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
insulin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
have traditionally been used to ensure the appropriate, safe, and effective use of prescription drugs, but are increasingly shifting their focus to minimizing costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the American revolution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALL<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
the repel of Hatch-Waxman<\/p>\n\n\n\n
make it easier for generic manufacturers to compete with R&D companies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the value of sacrificed alternative<\/p>\n\n\n\n
individuals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a company’s medical liaison<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
during phase II clinical trials<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“I own a BMW because I want people to know that I’m a serious driving enthusiast”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uniqueness<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DTC advertising has become an essential marketing tactic for both large and small brands<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a brand that treats a very common chronic condition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
saliva<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
urine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the bottom bone of the foot<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Electromyography (EMG)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
provide a single use purpose for scientific analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
diarrhea<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to conduct research<\/p>\n\n\n\n
modest meals for staff members attending educational events<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gifts that are only given to doctors with high prescribing volumes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
providing modest meals to staff members attending educational events<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pens and clipboards designed to be used by patients in doctor’s offices<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an anatomical model valued under $100<\/p>\n\n\n\n
no circumstances<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yes, but only if the lunch is clearly separate from the CME portion of the conference<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Office of Inspector General<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to educate sales reps on legal and ethical guidelines for professional behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
managed care policies eroding patient-doctor relationships<\/p>\n\n\n\n
95%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALL<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
drug therapy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they often see patients on the hour for 45 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
residents are often more open-minded<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an MCO’s practice of monitoring prescribing patterns<\/p>\n\n\n\n
beginning with a specific patient type<\/p>\n\n\n\n
someone employed by a pharmaceutical company who builds relationships with thought leaders and acts as an informational resource<\/p>\n\n\n\n
graduate-level degrees<\/p>\n\n\n\n
return on education<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sales reps are more involved in “pull through” programs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALL<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the doctor does not like the way you are presenting it<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALL<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
your agenda, not theirs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
orphan drugs typically treat rare conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
only a few minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
counter attack<\/p>\n\n\n\n
staying focused<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dispensing pharmaceuticals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALL<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Medicare Part D<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pathogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
white blood cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n
receptor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gene mapping<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacogenomics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
US federal government<\/p>\n\n\n\n
integrated delivery network<\/p>\n\n\n\n
semis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
small molecule<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacology<\/p>\n\n\n\n
organs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the method by which a medication produces its therapeutic effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fluid portion of blood<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance, including medications<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALL<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
by mimicking the actions of acetylcholine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fibrinolytics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
prolactin inhibitors<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to suppress labor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dyspepsia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
patients with weakened immune systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to carry oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
antimetabolites<\/p>\n\n\n\n
entry-level resumes are more likely to begin with the education section than the experience section<\/p>\n\n\n\n
targeted cover letters are always tailored to specific companies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
population growth and increased life expectancies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the region’s population<\/p>\n\n\n\n
California and Florida have difffernet perscription reimbursment policies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8 to 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comparative selling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
employers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
researching and developing novel drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
another 50 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
almost 30 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
in a double blinded study, neither the study staff nor the study participants know which subjects are in the experimental group and which are in the control<\/p>\n\n\n\n
not exhibiting signs or symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
physiology<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention off disease, or a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
most of the bodys required vitamins must be taken in from outside the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmacokinetics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the right patient, rigt drug, and right dose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
around 50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in scallowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
on the label of all prescription drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferase tend to reach higher blood levels and remain in the body longer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
drug-drug interactions are always harmful<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
because dietary supplements are not drugs, interactions with drugs are not a concern<\/p>\n\n\n\n
it does not exist, it would be aimed percisely at a disease site, it would not harm healthy tissues<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tolerance refers to a person’s diminished response to a drug after repeated use, while resistance applies to microorganisms’ or “cancel” cells’ abilities to withstand drug effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
there is no scale<\/p>\n\n\n\n
it increases the cost of medical care<\/p>\n\n\n\n
companies can be granted patents for all these things<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
20%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they do not cause immune response<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
agonists<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mechanism of action<\/p>\n\n\n\n
binders<\/p>\n\n\n\n
twice a day<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PRN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
differences in inactive ingredients<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the patients’ genetic makeup, age, body size, and use of other drugs and dietary supplements, the patient’s other conditions or diseases, whether or not the patient takes the drug properly<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they are usually somewhat removed from each other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacoprocesses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transfugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
by injection under the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an injection of anesthetic directly into the bloodstream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NAMs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sometimes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
manufacturer- direct sales<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 times larger<\/p>\n\n\n\n
brokerage sales, dock-to-dock sales, drop shipments<\/p>\n\n\n\n
after-market arrangements<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
independent drug store<\/p>\n\n\n\n
indications and usage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drug’s proprietary name and the established name<\/p>\n\n\n\n
marketing rights<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exclusivity is only granted upon the drug’s FDA approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
it must be novel, useful, and not obvious<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bioequivalent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drugs contain identical amounts off the same inactive ingredients<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bioequivalent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
biological equivalents<\/p>\n\n\n\n
generic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
generic substitution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
180 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the more visibility you can give your drug, the more likely that it will be prescribed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the sale, purchase, or trade or offer to sell, purchase, or trade prescription drug samples<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cannot donate or sell prescribtion drug samples<\/p>\n\n\n\n
United States Pharmacopoeial Convention<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
when the amount off remaining drug has not fallen lower than 85-90% of that stated on the label<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
none: patients “doctor-shopping” for controlled substances, pharmacists misreading prescriptions, physicians wasting time calling pharmacies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
call your sales manager to inform him\/ her of the mistake and ask for instructions posted on the packing slip<\/p>\n\n\n\n
clinical trials<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10-15 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmaceutical research and manufactures of america (PhRMA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
none: an intensive regulatory process, growing demand in the medical community for more complex data about pharmaceuticals, and the increasing number of precedures in Phase III trials<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a market-based system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
increased price controls would stifle innovation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
none: aerospace sector, communications sector, electronics sector<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to hasten the commercialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used<\/p>\n\n\n\n
there is poor collaberation between publicly- and privately- funded research concerns<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they don’t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drugs vesicles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cell membranes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
more quickly than weak basic drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rectal administration<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to the target site<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the drug’s lipid-solubility, the drug’s polarity, the vascular nature of the drug’s target tissue- all these facots affect a drug’s distribution to its target tissues<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transdermal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scientific objectives<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the members of the IRB\/IEC must be experts in the topic of study<\/p>\n\n\n\n
phase I and IV trials are often open label, but phase II and III are double blinded or at least blinded<\/p>\n\n\n\n
surrogate markers such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels<\/p>\n\n\n\n
case-control study<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
incidence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
standard error of the mean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
validity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
methods of survival analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
methods<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inclusion criteria<\/p>\n\n\n\n
geographic variations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
large molecule drugs are mainly protein-based drugs that develop in biological systems such as living cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vaccines are types of “small molecule drugs”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from the toxins secreted by a pathogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.5 to 3.5 million people<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fasle<\/p>\n\n\n\n
porcine and bovine extracts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
interferons, interleukins, and monokines<\/p>\n\n\n\n
blood glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
in vitro, in whihc patients’ genetically faulted tissues are removed, loaded with normal genes in vectors, and returned to the patients’ bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pluripotent stem cells can develop into many cell types, but not a new individual<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
retroviruses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
semipotent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
insulin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
have traditionally been used to ensure the appropriate, safe, and effective use of prescription drugs, but are increasingly shifting their focus to minimizing costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the american revolution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All of these are types of formularies:
A. a closed three-tier formulary in which generic drugs are listed on Tier 1
B. a five-tier formulary that is supplemented by a step therapy program
C. an open formulary that places few restrictions on coverage or access<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the repeal of hatch-waxman<\/p>\n\n\n\n
make it easier for generic manufacturers to compete with R&D companies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the valuse of a sacrificed alternative<\/p>\n\n\n\n
individuals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a company’s medical liason<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
during phase II clincal trials<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“I own a BMW becuase I want people to know that I’m a serious driving enthusiast<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uniqueness<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DTC advertising has become an essential marketing tactic for both large and small brands<\/p>\n\n\n\n
doctors’ personal experiences, and their patients’ unique situations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a brand that treats a very common chronic condition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
salive<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
urine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the bottom bone of the foot<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
electromyography (EMG)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
provide a single purpose for scientific analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
diarrhea<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to conduct research<\/p>\n\n\n\n
modest meals for staff members attendign educational events<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gifts that are onlu given to doctors with high prescribing volumes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
providing modest meals to staff members attending educational events<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pens and clipboards designed to be used by patients in doctors’ offices<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an anatomical model valued under $100<\/p>\n\n\n\n
none of these: when the activity is intended to facilitate informational exchange, when the practitioner is acting as a bone fide advisory board consultant, when the practinioner is providing a legitimate service to the company<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yes, but only iff the lunch is clearly seperate from the CME portion of the conference<\/p>\n\n\n\n
offfice of inspector general<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B. FALSE
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to educate sales representatives on legal and ethical guidelines for professional behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
managed care policies eroding patient- doctor relationships<\/p>\n\n\n\n
95%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all: adoption, awareness, evaluation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
drug therapy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
psychiatrists are usually on their way to the hospital at that time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
residents are often more open-minded<\/p>\n\n\n\n
an MCO’s practice of monitoring prescribing patterns<\/p>\n\n\n\n
beginning with a specific patient type<\/p>\n\n\n\n
someone employed by a pharmaceutical company who builds relationships with thought leaders and acts as an informational resources<\/p>\n\n\n\n
graduate-level science degrees<\/p>\n\n\n\n
return on education<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sales representatives are more involved in “pull through” programs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all: adherence\/ persistency, educaitonal support, theropeutic intervention<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the doctor does not like the way you are presenting it<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all: being a medicare part d information resource, knowing the physician-payer mix, taking advantage of partenership programs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
your agenda, not theirs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
orphan drugs typicalluy treat rare conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
only a few minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
counter attack<\/p>\n\n\n\n
staying focused<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dispensing pharmaceuticals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
companies and agents categorize their patients in all of these ways<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medicare part D<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pathogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
white blood cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n
receptor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gene mapping<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacogenomics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
United States federal government<\/p>\n\n\n\n
integrated delivery network<\/p>\n\n\n\n
semis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
small molecule<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacology<\/p>\n\n\n\n
organs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the method by which a medication produces its therapeutic effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the fluid portion of the blood<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An extreme sensitivity and reaction to a foreign substance, including medications<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all: as analgesics, anesthetics, anti-convulsants<\/p>\n\n\n\n
by mimicking the actions of acetylcholine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fibrinolytics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
protein inhibitors<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to suppress labor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dyspepsia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
patients with weakened immune systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n
carrying oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
antimetabolites<\/p>\n\n\n\n
entry-level resumes are more likely to begin with the education section than the experience section<\/p>\n\n\n\n
targeted cover letters are always tailored to specific companies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
18 months<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Research & Development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Manufacturing & Operations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Usage of a medication for purposes other than the specific ones appearing on the label<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A committee of physicians, staticians, community advocated, and others which ensure that a clinical trial is ethical and that the rights of the study participants are protected. All clinical trials must be approved by an IRB before they begin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inactive pill, liquid, or powder that has no treatment value aka sugar pill<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Swelling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Without signs or symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The study of basic structures of the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The study of how those body structures function<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, drug distribution and elimination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action i.e. the study of what a drug does to the body. It describes the therapeutic effects of drugs (pain relief, blood pressure reduction, their side effects and their sites of action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Study of how a drug is processed by the body, with emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution, and method of excretion. The study of how the body affects drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drug delivery systems, route of administration , modes of excretion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The liquid portion of the blood that carries proteins and other substances<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Specialized cells and tissues grouped together to perform specific body function for a common purpose. (Kidney, heart, intestines, and skin)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Brain of the cell that regulates all activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nutrient made up of of chains of amino acids<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nutrient stored in special body tissues as a great source of reserve energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nutrient that is the body’s immediate source of energy. It’s broken down to glucose and used for immediate metabolic reactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nutrient substance necessary for growth, development, and normal regulation of metabolic processes. Must be taken from outside the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nutrient necessary for bodily purposes such as the balance of body fluid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cardiovascular, Respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal, reproductive, immune<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How the drug passes from its side of administration into the bloodstream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How the drug is dispersed among the organs after absorption into the blood<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How the active part of a drug is metabolized into a more water-soluble compound that can be readily excreted by the kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How the drug is eliminated from the body. Usually drugs are eliminated via urine. They can also be excreted through the lungs, skin, or breast milk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 26-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 30<\/p>\n\n\n\n
how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of action<\/p>\n\n\n\n
when they contain the same active ingredients and proceed virtually the same blood levels over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Production of the same medicinal effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 34<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 35-38<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Added to provide bulk, strength, aid dissolving, color, taste, etc. IAs do not affect the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 54<\/p>\n\n\n\n
twice a day<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Period of time it takes for a specific amount of drug in the body to be reduced, through the excretion or elimination process, to exactly one-half that original amount<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As needed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Once a day<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Four times a day<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
three times a day<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the process of adjusting drug doses to achieve the max positive therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse or side affects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Time of peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Immediately<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buy most of their drugs directly from manufacturers. Legally considered authorized distributors within the meaning of the PDMA because they usually have ongoing relationships with manufacturers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buy from a primary and other secondary wholesalers as well as manufacturers but are not considered authorized distributors of the manufacturers within the meaning of the PDMA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 60-61<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Published wholesale price of list price suggested by the manufacturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Company that owns and operates four or more pharmacies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Drug manufacturer directly delivers the drugs to a dispenser, but order and payments are made through a wholesaler<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other healthcare entities that is formed to offer its members access to purchasing contracts for health supplies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Percentage fee that is paid by the dispenser to the wholesaler for the cost of distribution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 65
Terms pg 67<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A
AA
AN
AO
AP
AT
B<\/p>\n\n\n\n
aka Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984. Considered the most significant drug-related legislation affecting pharma and healthcare. H-W made it easier to bring generics to the marker by requiring FDA to only look at bioavailability studies in order to approve. Also gave protection to the research based manu’s by providing a 30 months automatic cooling off period<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prohibits sale, purchase, or trade of drug samples<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 72<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Regulates general business practices to protect consumers against misleading claims and anticompetitive behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
provides ethical guidelines to physicians about appropriate interactions with pharmaceutical companies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 79<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 81<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Involves the engulfing of fluids by a cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oral, Buccal, sublingual, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, transdermal, topical, inhalation, intravenous<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 89<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 90<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 92<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The person who conducts the trial. This person is normally an expert in the field. They should not be employed by the sponsor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The organization or individual that initiates the trial and finances the study,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This document sets out how a trial is to be conducted<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The study of how factors influence disease and health in human populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Antibodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 108<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Derived from toxins secreted by a pathogen.Examples are diphtheria and tetnus vaccines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viruses and bacteria are detoxified and used as vehicles to carry vaccines. Example is the use of canary pox (a virus that infects birds but not humans) to carry envelope proteins for HIV treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chemically synthesized and normally consist of 8-24 amino acids<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 110<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Integrates genes to hose chromosomes, change of long term stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This vector has a large capacity for foreign genes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vector does not have viral genes so they do not cause disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
they do not have viral genes and do not cause disease<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, liposomes, naked DNA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 114<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 117<\/p>\n\n\n\n
List of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage pg 118<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 124<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 113<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Function, Expressive, Central<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Efficacy, safety, convenience, cost-effectiveness<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Brand positioning, brand personality, brand values, unique values of the brand that support the values, how the brand appears to its audience, internal commitment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
impact, pronunciation, scriptability, confusion, symbolism and communication, fit, appeal pg 144<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Easy to pronounce, easy to write and read, memorable, distinctive and different from competition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 153<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 162<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now prohibits pens, mugs, objects with company logo<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 165<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 167<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 200<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 207<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pg 225<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pg 239<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Passion, Go the extra mile, be a resource, be creative, invest in yourself, authentic and real, love what they do, focus on service, cultivate support, believe, focus, macro-thinking, KIT, ask, keep accurate records<\/p>\n\n\n\n
271<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
False<\/p>\n\n\n\n
20 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n
False<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ORange Book<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
False<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
False<\/p>\n\n\n\n
manufacturers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wholesale<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
invention<\/p>\n\n\n\n
marketing rights<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bioevuivalent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
False<\/p>\n\n\n\n
equivalence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
legislation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Liver<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cancer cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
market based<\/p>\n\n\n\n
clinical trials<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DEA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True<\/p>\n\n\n\n
safety<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
heart<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transdermal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scientific objectives<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all<\/p>\n\n\n\n
therapeutic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
individuals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacy department<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
toxicity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1\/2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comparative selling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
50%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
placebo<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
false<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
true<\/p>\n\n\n\n
travel time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
generating demand for your company’s product<\/p>\n\n\n\n
be a consultant, not a rep<\/p>\n\n\n\n
your agenda not theirs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dispense pharmaceuticals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
asking feedback<\/p>\n\n\n\n
counter attack<\/p>\n\n\n\n
likeability<\/p>\n\n\n\n
staying focused<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The response produced by a medication<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The practice of medicine dealing with the causes and nature of disease\/death<\/p>\n\n\n\n
medicare part d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Highly specialized medical and surgical care for unusual or complex medical problems provided by a large medical center<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pathogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
white blood cell<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Used when referring to medication dosage, means “one-half”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
declining<\/p>\n\n\n\n
formulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ischemia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PK<\/p>\n\n\n\n
US federal govt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ophthalmology therapy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
is a physician that practices internal medicine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
integrated delivery network<\/p>\n\n\n\n
large molecule<\/p>\n\n\n\n
semis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
coding system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
small molecule<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Etiology<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PRN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cross tolerance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pharmacology<\/p>\n\n\n\n
adjuvant<\/p>\n\n\n\n
receptor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
h<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ex vivo<\/p>\n\n\n\n
beneath outer skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
milliliter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
central nervous system<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"