Physics
The study of forces, energy, motion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chemistry
The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form substances<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Earth science
The study of the Earth’s structure and composition, and processes that change Earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
essential attributes of science
Studies the natural world
Uses testable ideas
Relies on data from observations\/experiments
Presented for evaluation by other scientists
Leads to further questions\/research<\/p>\n\n\n\n
variables
The changing quantities in an experiment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
independent variable
What you change in an experiment on purpose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dependent variable
The variable that changes because of an independent variable<\/p>\n\n\n\n
control variable
The variable(s) you don’t want to study, need to be either eliminated or kept constant<\/p>\n\n\n\n
observational study
When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt to change them<\/p>\n\n\n\n
physical model
A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
conceptual model
A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mathematical model
A model that treats physical objects\/phenomena using mathematical methods<\/p>\n\n\n\n
computer model
A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
principle of falsification
Principle that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hypothesis
A testable statement about how something in nature works<\/p>\n\n\n\n
law
A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature (what)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
theory
A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by a large body of scientific evidence (how\/why)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meter
Base unit of length<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kilogram
Base unit of mass<\/p>\n\n\n\n
second
Base unit of time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kelvin
Base unit of temperature<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Derived units
What is produced when the base units\/quantities are combined<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Speed
The name for the distance traveled divided by an interval of time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Volume
Term for the amount of space an object occupies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Liquid displacement
Method of determining the volume of an object by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n
direct relationship
A relationship between two variables where increasing one increases the other, and vice versa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inverse relationship
A relationship between two variables where increasing one decreases the other, and vice versa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Velocity
A combination of speed and direction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Acceleration
Term for any change in an object’s speed and\/or direction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Force
Term for a push or a pull with direction and magnitude. You may not feel it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Net force
The sum of all forces acting on an object<\/p>\n\n\n\n
balanced forces
Term for forces that combine to produce a net force of 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Newton’s first law
An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inertia
The tenancy to keep the same motion\/velocity or remain at rest. Newton’s first law<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Newton’s second law
Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Newton’s third law
When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object (“For every action, an equal and opposite reaction”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
friction
The force that opposes the motion of an object on which it acts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kinetic friction
Friction between two objects moving against each other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Static friction
Friction between two objects touching but not moving against each other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fluid resistance
Friction when an object moves through a gas or liquid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gravity
Attractive force between objects directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Linear momentum
Name for the mass of an object times its velocity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Law of conservation of momentum
Term for the fact that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide<\/p>\n\n\n\n
elasticity
The amount of bounce an object has after a collision<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elastic collision
A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inelastic collision
A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Work
Term for the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force by using\/converting energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Energy
The capacity to do work or cause change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kinetic energy
The energy objects have because they are moving. Increases with mass and velocity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
potential energy
Energy that is stored<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Formula for work
work = force x displacement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gravitational potential energy
Energy an object has due to its height above the ground. Increases with mass and height.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chemical potential energy
Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
elastic potential energy
Energy stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
electromagnetic energy
Energy carried by electromagnetic waves. Light energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
thermal energy
Energy from the motion of atoms and molecules. Depends on mass and temperature<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Law of conservation of energy
Term for the fact that energy cannot be created\/destroyed, only transferred\/converted<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oscillation
A repetitive motion that occurs around a center point or equilibrium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
equilibrium
A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns to<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wave
A repeating and periodic disturbance (oscillation) that travels from one point to another, transferring energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mechanical waves
Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vaccuum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transverse wave
Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
longitudinal wave
Wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
electromagnetic waves
Waves with both an electric and magnetic component. Can only be transverse waves and can travel through a vaccuum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
compression
Region of longitudinal wave where particles are close together<\/p>\n\n\n\n
expansion
Region of longitudinal wave where particles are far apart (aka rarefaction)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
crest
The highest point in a wave above equilibrium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
trough
The lowest point in a wave under equilibrium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
amplitude
The distance between a wave’s equilibrium and crest\/trough in a transverse wave, or how compressed\/expanded the medium becomes in a longitudinal wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wavelength
The horizontal distance after which the wave repeats<\/p>\n\n\n\n
period
The amount of time needed for one full oscillation\/one wave to pass<\/p>\n\n\n\n
frequency
Number of wave oscillations in a given period of time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sound wave
A disturbance we can hear that moves through a medium away from the source<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atom
The basic building block of matter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
valence electrons
The electrons in the outer most shell of an atom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom, defined by its proton count<\/p>\n\n\n\n
atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chemical
Any substance that has a definite, fixed composition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Compound
a chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chemical bonds
the attractive forces that hold atoms together<\/p>\n\n\n\n
organic compound
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inorganic compounds
Compounds that are not organic compounds<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pure substance
A chemical containing only one type of element or compound<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and not present in a specific, fixed ratio<\/p>\n\n\n\n
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which pure substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
homogeneous mixture
A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
macroscopic properties
The properties observed when a large number of particles interact<\/p>\n\n\n\n
microscopic properties
Properties at the small scale, such as properties of atoms and molecules<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Troposphere
The lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere where weather occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratosphere
the layer above the troposphere; the ozone layer is found in this layer, planes fly here<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ozone layer
Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mesosphere
The layer of Earth’s atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, where meteors burn up<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thermosphere
The atmospheric layer above the mesosphere where auroras occur, ISS orbits here<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exosphere
The outer layer of the atmosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
physical change
When matter changes in appearance without changing in chemical composition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chemical change
When matter changes in chemical composition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chemical reaction
When chemical bonds are formed\/broken in a chemical change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reactants
The substances present before a chemical reaction begins<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Products
The substances formed during a chemical reaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ion
An atom with a net electric charge (i.e., not neutral)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ionic bond
Chemical bond formed between a positively charged atom and a negatively charged atom, where a valence electron is given from one to the other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ionic compound
Compounds formed via ionic bonds, usually a combination of a metal and one or more non-metals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
covalent bond
Bond formed between atoms that share valence electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metallic bond
Bond formed between atoms of metals using an electron sea where valence electrons move about freely<\/p>\n\n\n\n
period
Name for a row in the periodic table<\/p>\n\n\n\n
group
Name for a column in the periodic table<\/p>\n\n\n\n
family
Name for elements in the same group of the periodic table that have the same number of valence electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metals
Term for elements that tend to lose electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
malleability
The ability to be shaped by pounding without breaking apart<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ductility
The ability to be stretched into wire<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nonmetals
Term for elements with electrons very tightly associated with the nucleus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metalloids
Term for elements that are shiny like metal but have intermediate electrical conductivity (i.e. semiconductors)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
law of conservation of matter
Term for the fact that matter cannot be created\/destroyed, but can be converted between forms through physical or chemical changes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
coefficient
Number used to indicate the ratio of chemicals in a reaction, written before chemical formula<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Temperature
Term for the measure of the average kinetic energy per particle<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thermal energy
Term for the total energy in the particles of an object<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nebula
A cloud of gasses and particles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nuclear fusion
Process where hydrogen and other nuclei fuse together into larger nuclei<\/p>\n\n\n\n
star
Celestial body that held together by its own gravity that releases light and other forms of radiant energy generated by nuclear fusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
galaxy
A collection of hundreds of billions of stars that are clustered together by gravity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
asteroids
Very small, rocky bodies that orbit the sun<\/p>\n\n\n\n
moon
A naturally formed object that orbits a planet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comets
Relatively small, icy, dusty bodies that travel around the sun in very elliptical orbits<\/p>\n\n\n\n
crust
Thin, outermost rocky shell at the surface of the earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mantle
Thickest layer of the Earth made of hot, solid rock, 84% of volume of the planet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
outer core
Outer half of the Earth’s core. Made of mostly molten iron<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inner core
Inner half of the Earth’s core. Made of solid nickel-iron<\/p>\n\n\n\n
weathering
The alteration or breakdown of rock or soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n
physical weathering
Weathering resulting from mechanical processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chemical weathering
Weathering resulting from chemical processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
erosion
The mechanism responsible for the transportation or removal of material<\/p>\n\n\n\n
glacier
A slowly moving mass of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow that flows slowly over time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
deposition
The process in which soil, sediment, or rocks are added to a landform<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meanders
Curves in a river formed by eroding the outer bank and depositing sediment on the inner bank<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mineral
A naturally occurring, solid inorganic element\/compound formed by natural processes, with a limited range of possible chemical composition and a definite arrangement of atoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sedimentary rocks
Rocks made up of weathered particles (sand, silt, clay, gravel, cobbles, or even boulders) that have been cemented together into hard rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n
igneous rocks
Rocks formed by lava or magma<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metamorphic rocks
Rocks formed through heat and pressure which causes their minerals to change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rock cycle
Name for the various processes that change rocks from one form to another<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Precambrian Era
Era consisting of Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 eons
Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Paleozoic era
Era consisting of greatest diversification of life on earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mesozoic era
Era when the dinosaurs thrived<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cenozoic era
Current era, the age of mammals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
principle of superposition
Principle stating in undeformed sedimentary rocks, each bed is younger than the one below it<\/p>\n\n\n\n
principle of crosscutting relationships
If a rock, fault, or other feature cuts through a rock layer, that rock layer must have been pre-existing in order to have been cut through. Determines relative ages of different rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unconformity
A buried erosional surface, suggesting a lack of information<\/p>\n\n\n\n
convergent boundary
A tectonic plate boundary where the plates push into each other, causing large quakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
divergent boundary
A tectonic plate boundary where the plates are separating, with volcanoes and few, weak quakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transform boundary
A tectonic plate boundary where the plates are grinding past each other, causing quakes but almost no volcanoes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
subduction
When one tectonic plate sinks into the mantle below another plate<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oceanic to continental boundary
A convergent boundary between a seafloor plate and continental plate, causing deep ocean trenches and continental volcanic mountain ranges, large quakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oceanic to oceanic boundary
A convergent boundary between two seafloor plates, causing volcanic islands and large earthquakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
continental to continental boundary
A convergent boundary between two continental plates with no subduction, causing tall mountain ranges with no volcanoes but large earthquakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Troposphere
the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, where weather occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ozone layer
Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratosphere
The second-lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, contains the ozone layer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mesosphere
The layer of Earth’s atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, where meteors burn up<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thermosphere
The atmospheric layer above the mesosphere, where auroras happen and the ISS flies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exosphere
The last layer of the atmosphere, beyond which exists a vacuum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas<\/p>\n\n\n\n
convection cell
A circular pattern of rising warm air and sinking cool air<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Infiltration
Flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Groundwater
water that is in the ground<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Runoff
Water that is not soaked into the ground<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Air mass
Large body of air with the same temperature, humidity, and pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Front
A boundary between two or more air masses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Warm front
A front along which a warm air mass moves over a mass of cooler air<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cold front
A front where cold air moves in under a warm air mass.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
high pressure system (anticyclone)
An area of dense air that sinks and warms, develops in cold areas, and removes clouds (hot day\/cold night)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
low pressure system (depression)
An area of less dense air that rises and cools, develops in warm areas, and creates clouds (mild day\/night)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A mathematical model is used to predict the trajectory of a bullet fired from a gun. Which discipline of physical science is used to develop this model?
Physics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An environmental scientist monitors pollutants in a lake. Which two disciplines of physical science does this scientist use? Choose 2 answers
Chemistry
Earth Science<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which study involves both Earth science and physics?
Calculating how much energy is associated with a hurricane<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which question could be answered with a controlled experiment?
Does ice melt faster in an empty glass or in a glass full of water?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which topic would be appropriate for a controlled experiment?
Determining how fast different chemical pollutants dissolve in water<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sir Isaac Newton discovered that the force of gravity between two masses increases if the masses increase, and decreases if the distance between the masses increases. No experiments have ever contradicted this relationship. Which type of scientific statement is this?
Law<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth’s crust states that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics, chemistry, and geology supports this explanation. Which type of scientific idea is this explanation an example of?
Theory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which question requires a controlled experiment to answer?
Which type of rock contains the most calcium?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A student proposes that sugar will dissolve faster in rubbing alcohol than in water. The student reasons that sugar and rubbing alcohol both contain carbon so they will mix more easily. Which type of scientific idea is the student’s proposal an example of?
Hypothesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Why was the shrinking Earth idea replaced by the theory of plate tectonics?
Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea could not explain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Astronomers have long accepted that plate tectonics exists nowhere in our solar system except on Earth. In 2011, a scientist analyzed 100 NASA-space-mission photographs of Valles Marineris on Mars, the longest known series of canyons in the solar system. The scientist found that Valles Marineris showed features found only in locations on Earth where major tectonic plates divide. What would be the appropriate response of scientists to this information?
Carry out further research to gain more understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to the theory of plate tectonics, volcanoes are especially likely to form along plate boundaries because of rising magma. New satellite data mapping the ocean floor reveals thousands of seamounts, which are small volcanoes. Some of the seamounts are in lines that could correspond to past or present plate boundaries, but many are not aligned in this way. How should scientists appropriately respond to the idea that some new mechanism of forming the volcanoes is involved?
Carry out more research to understand better how the seamounts form<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For many decades, scientists thought they understood how ozone breaks down in the stratosphere, creating ozone holes. However, new data show significantly lower reaction rates than can be explained by the long-held model. What is the appropriate scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction?
Conduct additional experiments to confirm the new data<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For almost 1500 years most scientists in Europe accepted Ptolemy’s geocentric planetary model that suggested the sun revolved around Earth. By the eighteenth century, most scientists supported a heliocentric model that suggests that Earth revolves around the sun. What is an appropriate scientific basis for this change in view?
The existing theory was changed to account for new data<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A woman does pushups by lowering her body to the floor using her arms and then pressing against the floor with her hands to push herself back up, as shown in the image below. Which force causes her to rise?
The upward force that the ground exerts on the woman<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other. What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied to each box?
The box with less mass accelerates more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two identical train engines are parked on parallel tracks. One engine has ten cars attached, and the other has no cars attached. Each engine exerts the same net force, which allows the train to overcome static friction. Which engine will be able to accelerate more?
The engine not pulling any cars will accelerate more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A woman applies an upward force to a basket filled with groceries. Assume she is standing still.
What will happen to the basket if the force she applies is greater than the force of gravity?
The basket will move up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A heavy truck and a light car travel at the same velocity side-by-side on the highway. Both drivers apply the same braking force at the same moment.
What will happen to the two vehicles?
The car will slow down more quickly than the truck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which force causes graphite from the tip of a pencil to transfer to the paper?
Friction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which force keeps Jupiter in orbit around the Sun?
Gravity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which force causes a jet airplane to stop on a runway?
Friction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which force causes meteors to burn up when they enter Earth’s atmosphere?
Friction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which kind of electromagnetic radiation carries information to and from a cell phone when it is used for a phone call?
Microwaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A cashier who has been handed a hundred-dollar bill may check its authenticity by holding it under a special lamp that emits electromagnetic radiation mostly at wavelengths slightly shorter than visible light. The electromagnetic radiation makes a pattern of previously invisible markings on the bill glow brightly, or fluoresce. Which kind of electromagnetic radiation does the lamp emit to produce this effect?
Ultraviolet Radiation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
After natural disasters, first responders can locate survivors in the rubble by using thermal detectors. Because the victims’ bodies are warmer than their surroundings, the difference in temperature is detected by electromagnetic waves. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is being detected?
Infrared radiation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Airport security uses electromagnetic radiation to form images of objects inside passenger luggage. Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in this way?
X-Rays<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which type of wave has a longitudinal motion?
Sound waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which is a characteristic of electromagnetic waves?
Transverse wave motion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A slingshot is a Y-shaped stick with rubber bands between the prongs for shooting stones and other small projectiles. A stone is shot by first placing it in the slingshot holder, which is attached to the rubber bands. The stone and holder and then pulled back, stretching the rubber bands. When released, the stone is propelled forward and leaves the slingshot at a high speed. Which type of energy transformation occurs from the point when the rubber bands are fully stretched to when the stone leaves the slingshot?
Elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which type of energy conversion occurs at the moment fireworks explode?
Chemical potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What energy conversion takes place as a box slides to a stop on a horizontal table?
Chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which action demonstrates a chemical change?
cooking an egg<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which type of bond is formed when valence electrons are shared between two atoms?
covalent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which properties will elements in group 2 share, based on location in the periodic table (Metals) ? Choose 2 answers
Good thermal conductivity
Good electrical conductivity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Consider the location of sodium (Na) on the periodic table.
Which element has chemical properties that are similar to sodium’s?
Potassium (K)
(K is in the same group is NA)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A beaker contains 500 g of liquid water. An ice cube with a mass of 5 g is added to the water in the beaker. How many grams of liquid water are in the beaker when the ice has melted?
505 g<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A chemist places 250 grams of liquid water into a beaker. The volume of the liquid water is 250 milliliters. The chemist then freezes the water. After it is frozen, the ice has a volume of 273 milliliters. What is the mass of the ice?
250 grams<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When baking soda is added to vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, and a liquid solution consisting mostly of water and a salt called sodium acetate. How is mass affected in this reaction, according to the law of conservation of matter?
The total mass of baking soda and vinegar must equal the total mass of carbon dioxide and the liquid solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In which phase change is energy being absorbed from the surroundings?
Water boiling on an electric burner<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What happens when wet clothes dry outside on a warm day?
The water in the clothes absorbs energy from the air and becomes a gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which subatomic particle is located outside the nucleus?
electron<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What charge does a neutron have?
no charge (neutral)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A chocolate chip cookie is made with dough and chocolate chips. Which type of substance is a chocolate chip cookie?
Mixture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which example describes a compound?
A substance with sodium atoms bonded to chlorine atoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In which state of matter are particles close together, but able to slide past one another?
Liquid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A geologist is doing a risk assessment for a location where the African plate is moving away from the South American plate. Which risk description must the geologist give for this location?
There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A utility company is considering building a power plant at a location on the Eurasian plate far from any plate boundaries. Which types of risk are present in this location?
Low risk of both volcanoes and earthquakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A river flows across a region. As the river flows, it erodes the rock beneath it. Which type of landform will develop if the river continues to flow along a straight path?
Valley<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which landform is produced when sediment is eroded from one side of a river and deposited on the other side?
Meander<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Where is metamorphic rock found in the rock cycle?
After heat and pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The rock layers shown in the illustration have not been disturbed or overturned.
Top to Bottom: Limestone (Sedimentary), Shale (Sedimentary), Sandstone (Sedimentary), Granite (Igneous)
Which type of environment was present in this region most recently, based on these rock layers?
A warm, shallow sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The rock layers shown in the illustration have not been disturbed or overturned.
Top to Bottom: Limestone (Sedimentary), Shale (Sedimentary), Sandstone (Sedimentary), Marble (Metamorphic)
What can be inferred about the geologic history of this area from these rock layers?
It was exposed to high heat and pressure, and then experienced deposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Through which layer of the atmosphere does a mountaineer climbing a tall mountain ascend?
Troposphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A meteorologist is studying the formation of a hurricane.
Which layer of the atmosphere is the meteorologist studying?
Troposphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
During heavy rains, the soil on a farm is washed away into a nearby river. Which parts of the water cycle result in this loss of soil? Choose 2 answers
Precipitation
Runoff<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Snow falls from the atmosphere and accumulates on a glacier. Which part of the water cycle does this process represent?
Precipitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A gardener is working in a garden on a hot, humid day. Suddenly, clouds begin to form. Within a few hours, gusty winds and a thunderstorm are passing through the area. After the storms pass, the weather is clear and much cooler. What caused this change in weather?
A cold front moved through the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A hiker needs to select a day for a hike. The hiker examines weather forecasts for the next several days. Which day should the hike be planned for, if the hiker wants to hike on a clear day with no clouds?
A day when a high pressure system rests over the area<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which of these is an example of climate change caused by natural variation?
The low rainfall that helped produce the dust bowl in the American Great Plains<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is an example of climate change that can be caused by human activity?
Changes in average temperature from increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Earth formed from dust and gases surrounding the sun.
Which force pulled the dust and gases together to form Earth?
Gravitational<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A galaxy consists of many stars in the same large region of space. Which phenomenon leads stars to group together to form a galaxy?
Gravity between stars<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is true during summer in the northern hemisphere?
The northern hemisphere receives more direct sunlight than in the winter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A car is moving forward and its brakes are being applied. Which of the following is true?
The car’s velocity is forward, and its acceleration is backward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You are pushing a file cabinet across a floor in a straight line at a constant speed. Which of the following can you correctly conclude about the forces acting on the file cabinet?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A car moves forward along a horizontal road in a straight line at constant speed. The net force on the car is
zero<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inertia is an object’s
tendency to remain stationary or continue moving in the same way<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The mass of an object measures:
the object’s resistance to being accelerated<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which of the following is used to increase friction?
scattering sand on icy roads<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The force that slows down a person falling with a parachute is called
air resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravity between them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A car decreases its speed from 40 miles per hour to 20 miles per hour. Its linear momentum
is half as much<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In physics, work is<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which of the following statements is correct?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has as a result of its motion, and potential energy is the energy an object has due to its position or deformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A truck increases its speed. What happens to its kinetic energy?
it increases<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In which of the following situations is the object’s potential energy changing?
a child sledding down a hill<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which has a greater thermal energy, coffee at 80\u00b0C in a cup or water at 80\u00b0C in a swimming pool?
The water in the pool has a greater thermal energy, because it contains many more molecules, and thermal energy measures the total energy of all the particles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A train traveling 50 mph slows down and stops once the brakes are applied. The train’s kinetic energy
changes to the thermal energy of the brakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When energy changes from one type to another, the total energy
remains constant<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When energy changes from one type to another, the total energy remains constant.
The above statement is known as
the law of conservation of energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A jet flying overhead produces sound waves that consist of _<\/em><\/strong> that is\/are transported from the jet to your ears. Which of the following lists of colors is ordered from lowest to highest frequencies?<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you hit a drum with more force, the sound the drum produces The sun produces its energy in nuclear reactions. The radiation that arrives at Earth from the sun consists of The wavelength of a transverse wave travelling in a rope is In general, the __<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, the more damaging the radiation is to cells. In hospitals, medical instruments are usually sterilized by ____<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Most of the sun’s UV-C radiation is absorbed by Earth’s Which of the following is NOT a property of matter? Which subatomic particle is located outside the nucleus? Which subatomic particle has approximately the same mass as the proton? What is shared or transferred when a chemical bond is formed? How is a compound formed? Which of the following is an element? In white phosphorus, four phosphorus atoms are covalently bonded together. The chemical formula for white phosphorus is P4. What type of chemical is P4? A liquid of unknown composition is heated. The liquid evaporates, and a white powder is left behind. Was the unknown substance a pure substance or a mixture? Which of the following is NOT an organic compound? Organic Compound In what state is matter compressible? In what state is the motion of particles lowest? Why do liquids pour? Sugar forms a mixture with water. Is this a chemical change or a physical change? What type of change occurs when water evaporates off a sidewalk? Is the following change a physical change or a chemical change?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H2O + CO2 \u2192 H2CO3 How could a zinc ion with a charge of plus two (Zn+2) be converted to an electrically neutral zinc atom? What type of chemical bond results in the formation of ions? Silver ions (Ag+) and chloride ions (Cl-) react to form silver chloride (AgCl): What type of chemical bond holds two atoms together in a molecule?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Use the periodic table to answer the following question. Which of the following elements will have properties MOST similar to sulfur (S)? What type of element tends to lose electrons Which of the following elements is a nonmetal? Which type of element is located toward the left on the periodic table? Which of the following may change during a physical change? Hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2) can react to form hydrochloric acid according to the following balanced chemical equation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n H2 + Cl2 \u2192 2HCl<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2 g + 70 g = ? At a given temperature, most particles of matter move at an average speed. However, some particles move faster and some move slower, as shown in the following graph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Assuming that the substance is a liquid, which particles are MOST LIKELY to evaporate? Why does steam burn skin? Which of the following is an example of a substance evaporating? What force caused the hydrogen, helium, and lithium formed from the big bang to collect and form stars, planets, and other objects, as well as to form the different elements than hydrogen making up these objects? What process generates the energy that stars emit?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Which of these effects is NOT caused by gravity?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Which of these properties characterize the outer planets compared to the inner planets? extremely small rocky body usually in the inner solar system spherical object orbiting a planet objects from the Kulper belt or Oort cloud, made of ice and dust one of the eight large objects orbiting the sun that are large enough to become spherical from their own gravity, and to have cleared their orbit of other major object Label the Earth’s interior The hottest part of Earth’s interior is its __<\/em><\/strong>. A meander in a river develops primarily from __<\/em><\/strong>. Many cycles of water getting into this rock and expanding by freezing have produced large cracks. This is an example of __<\/em><\/strong>. Some large rivers such as the Mississippi form a delta where they meet the ocean, with land forming that extends into the sea. The formation of a delta is the result of ___upstream where the flow is more energetic and _______<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> where the flow is less rapid Which of these statements about glaciers is the MOST accurate? What conditions are needed for a sand dune to form? Which of these is an example of a mineral? The correct chronological order of these events in Earth’s history was: A geologist notices that 4 layers of rock are stacked directly on top of each other. He labels the top layer as #1 and the bottom layer as #4. Which layer is the oldest?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Which of these statements about fossils is correct? What does the term “Pangaea” refer to? Which kind of plate boundary occurs where the plates slide past each other? Which of these are the two MOST abundant gases in our atmosphere? As height above sea level increases, the air pressure in our atmosphere____________ , and the density of the air __<\/em><\/strong> In which layer of Earth’s atmosphere do storms and other weather phenomena occur? The atmospheric pressure meteorologists refer to in speaking of weather is __<\/em><\/strong>. pressure is The trade winds are prevailing winds that blow over long distances. Their paths curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. Which process causes their paths to curve? What causes wind?<\/p>\n\n\n\n A hydroelectric power plant converts the energy from flowing water in rivers into electric power. Where does the energy that converts originate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n What states of matter of water can be involved in the hydrologic cycle? Which of Earth’s natural bodies or areas of water accounts for MOST of Earth’s water? Which of these is the cause of a hurricane? In winter, the prevailing winds from west to east pass over the relatively warm waters of the Great Lakes. At Watertown, NY, on the Eastern edge of Lake Ontario, the land rises and the winds force warm moist air upward. When a cold front moves into an area with warmer air, what are the likely consequences? What is the MOST abundant greenhouse gas in Earth’s atmosphere? Which of these is a source of greenhouse gases?<\/p>\n\n\n\n How does the greenhouse effect help trap thermal energy from the sun? Rock that has changed from its original form by being subjected to high pressure and high temperature rock formed when molten rock (lava or magma) cools rock formed when sand, silt, clay, gravel, and cobbles become physically cemented or chemically fused together into hard rock Work Velocity force Larger Force = _<\/em><\/strong> acceleration Net Force Balanced Forces Work Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Electromagnetic A wave transfer not __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em> Oscillation High point of a wave low point of a wave center point of wave From Crest to Crest or trough to trough From equilibrium to trough or equilibrium to crest on a wave Sound Waves and Ocean Waves Mechanical waves can only travel through _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> Electromagnetic wave Electromagnetic waves do or do not require matter? Transverse waves Transverse wave motion Longitudinal Wave Longitudinal Wave motion Transverse waves can me and __<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> Longitudinal waves can only be _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong> waves Period Frequency If wavelength increases then frequency _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> List the electromagnetic spectrum in order List the electromagnetic spectrum in order Element =s compound atoms Chemical bond Molecule pure substance mixture Organic compound Ionic bond non metals _<\/strong> electrons metals __<\/em> electrons covalent bond Ionic bond __<\/em> electrons a covalent bond __<\/em><\/strong> electrons metallic bond has a _<\/em><\/strong> of electrons metals have _<\/em><\/strong> bond non metals have _<\/em><\/strong>– bond metal\/non metal have __<\/em><\/strong> bond Cup of water is at 80 and Swimming Pool is at 80. A wet shirt is put on a clothesline to dry on a sunny day. The shirt dries because: Why does your finger hurt when hot stem hits it from boiling water? When objects are closer gravity is _<\/em><\/strong> gravity is _<\/em><\/strong> when mass is greater Fusion galaxy solar system Comet asteroid Name the planets in order from the sun Mercury The Earth’s Layers erosion deposition Delta Meanders Valley Mineral Igneous rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock How old is the Earth? current eon Earth’s Eras techtonic plate techtonic plate techtonic plate Atmosphere gases Greenhouse gases density air pressure\/air density is __<\/em><\/strong> the higher you go gravity pulls air particles _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong> Heat rises and is _<\/em><\/strong> dense atmosphere layers in order (earth to space) Weather happens in what atmosphere layer Planes fly and the Ozone is in what atmospheric layer Meteors burn up in this layer PhysicsThe study of forces, energy, motion ChemistryThe study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form substances Earth scienceThe study of the Earth’s structure and composition, and processes that change Earth essential attributes of scienceStudies the natural worldUses testable ideasRelies on data from observations\/experimentsPresented for evaluation by other scientistsLeads to further questions\/research […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110346\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
becomes louder<\/p>\n\n\n\n
only electromagnetic waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shorter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
atmosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
has the capacity to do work and cause change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the neutron<\/p>\n\n\n\n
valence electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Electrons are transferred or shared between atoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
copper<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a molecule and an element<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mixture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
graphite (contains pure carbon bonded in sheets)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gas<\/p>\n\n\n\n
solid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
because particles of matter slide past one another in the liquid state<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a physical change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a physical change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a chemical change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
by the addition of two electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ionic bond<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) \u2192 AgCl
What type of bond holds the silver and chloride ions together in silver chloride?
ionic bond<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxygen (O) is in the same group as sulfur (S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the spacing between atoms or molecules<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If 2 g of H2 and 70 g of Cl2 molecules react, what mass of HCl will form?
72 g<\/p>\n\n\n\n
particles moving faster than average<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Water vapor releases heat as it condenses on the skin, which damages the tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Water turns to steam when it hits a hot stovetop<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gravity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gaseous and less dense<\/p>\n\n\n\n
asteroid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
comets<\/p>\n\n\n\n
planet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inside to Outside:
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inner core<\/p>\n\n\n\n
erosion on the side of the river where the flow is faster and deposition on the opposite side<\/p>\n\n\n\n
physical weathering<\/p>\n\n\n\n
erosion
deposition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Glaciers flow and reshape their surroundings by erosion, weathering, and deposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lots of loose sand, an obstacle, wind<\/p>\n\n\n\n
calcite (composed of calcium carbonate)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
evolution of fish
evolution of birds
evolution and extinction of dinosaurs
humans<\/p>\n\n\n\n4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
The fossil record is incomplete because most organisms simply die and decay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the landmass that all of Earth’s continents were once joined together to form<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transform<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, and secondarily oxygen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
.
decreases
decreases<\/p>\n\n\n\n
troposphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the force from the air divided by the area on which it acts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
force divided by area<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Earth spinning on its axis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
all three<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oceans<\/p>\n\n\n\n
warm ocean water producing an upflow of warm moist air<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What kind of winter weather would this make more likely in Watertown when the wind from the west is strong and the air is cold?
snow storms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
warm air being pushed upward, which may produce precipitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
water vapor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation from the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metamorphic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ignetous<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sedimentary<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The displacement of an object of an applied force<\/p>\n\n\n\n
speed and direction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
push or a pull<\/p>\n\n\n\n
larger<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two or more forces acting together.
Sum of all forces<\/p>\n\n\n\n
forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force of zero<\/p>\n\n\n\n
displacement of an object
force x displacement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the capacity to do work or cause change<\/p>\n\n\n\n
energy object has because they are moving<\/p>\n\n\n\n
energy that is stored<\/p>\n\n\n\n
light<\/p>\n\n\n\n
energy
Matter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a repetitive motion that usually occurs about a center point or Equilibrium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
crest<\/p>\n\n\n\n
trough<\/p>\n\n\n\n
equilibrium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wavelength<\/p>\n\n\n\n
amplitude<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mechanical Waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
matter
(require a “medium” to transport energy)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
light<\/p>\n\n\n\n
do NOT require matter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
perpendicular<\/p>\n\n\n\n
up and down<\/p>\n\n\n\n
parallel<\/p>\n\n\n\n
in\/ out
front\/back<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mechanical
electromagnetic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mechanical<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the time it takes something to happen.
a time quantity
seconds per cycle<\/p>\n\n\n\n
how often something happens
a rate qty
cycles per second<\/p>\n\n\n\n
decreses<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(Longest Wavelength TO Shortest) AND
(Lowest energy TO Highest energy)
(Radiation)
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(Lowest frequency to Highest)
(COLORS)
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo violet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 atom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
atleast 2 Different atoms
O2 is NOT a compound
H20 is (two different kinds of atoms)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
joins compound atoms together<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A group of atoms bonded together
type of compound
O2 is molecule
H20 is molecule<\/p>\n\n\n\n
only 1 type of compound of element<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Compound that contain carbon and Hydrogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bond between oppositely charged ions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
gain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
transfer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shares<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n
metallic bond<\/p>\n\n\n\n
covalent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ionic<\/p>\n\n\n\n
is Thermal energy more, less or equal in pool?
More in Pool
Because of size<\/p>\n\n\n\n
water absorbs kinetic energy to evaporate<\/p>\n\n\n\n
water vapor condenses on skin. thermal energy converts to heat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
greater<\/p>\n\n\n\n
greater<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fusing nuclei together
release energy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
billions of stars together by gravity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
collection that orbits a star<\/p>\n\n\n\n
icy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a small rocky body orbiting the sun<\/p>\n\n\n\n
My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Takes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
leaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A landform made of sediment that is DEPOSITED where a river flows into an ocean or lake<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Curve in River
Erosion AND Deposition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V Shape
Erosion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
natural occurring element or compound
Most common is Quartz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lava\/Magma rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Weathered – Cemented-Layered Rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rock that is changed by heat and pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.6 billion years old<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Phanerozoic Eon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oldest to newest<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
<– –>
Volcanos
divergent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
slide\/rub past each other
earthquakes
Transform<\/p>\n\n\n\n
–> <–
earthquakes & Volcanos
convergent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mass\/volume<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less dense<\/p>\n\n\n\n
down<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less<\/p>\n\n\n\n
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
troposphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stratosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mesosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n