{"id":110561,"date":"2023-07-26T22:22:08","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=110561"},"modified":"2023-07-26T22:22:11","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:22:11","slug":"relias-dysrhythmia-basic-test-answers-solution-guide-2023-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/07\/26\/relias-dysrhythmia-basic-test-answers-solution-guide-2023-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Relias Dysrhythmia Basic Test Answers Solution guide 2023."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"normal<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

normal sinus rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sinus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinus Arrhythmia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
Respiratory \u2013 Circulatory interaction
Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sinus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinus Bradycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<60
normal sinus rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sinus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinus Tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

>100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Premature<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm
P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave
PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be different from other complexes
QRS: <.12 seconds<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sinus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinus Arrest\/Pause<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 SA node doesn\u2019t fire
\u2013 notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
length of pause \u2260 multiple of normal rate (block)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Atrial<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Atrial<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atrial Flutter<\/p>\n\n\n\n

irregular beating of the atria; often described as \u201ca-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Junctional<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Junctional Rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w\/ retro\/antegrade transmission
\u2013 P wave often inverted\/buried\/follow QRS
\u2013 slow rate
\u2013 narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Junctional<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Junctional Tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

>60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
\u2013 KEY: will be regular (consistent)
\u2013 AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
\u2013 p-wave often inverted\/buried\/follow QRS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Premature<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Premature Junctional Contraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inverted p wave or hidden p wave
PRI<0.12 or none
Normal QRS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Supraventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

an abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"First<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

First degree heart block<\/p>\n\n\n\n

atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2nd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2nd degree heart block type 1 (Wenkebach)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Progressively longer PR interval until the P wave is not followed by a QPR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2nd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2nd Degree Heart Block (Mobitz II)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rare, but more serious
Sudden appearance of a nonconducted P-wave
P-waves are nl, but some aren\u2019t followed by a QRS complex
PR & RR intervals are constant<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"3rd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3rd degree heart block<\/p>\n\n\n\n

no obvious correlation between p and qrs, need pace maker<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"premature<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bigeminy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bigeminy PVC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

every other beat is a PVC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"PVC<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PVC couplets<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PVC occurring in pairs, no adequate C.O. when this occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"monomorphic<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

monomorphic ventricular tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

presents with wide QRS complexes of a common shape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Torsades<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Torsades de pointes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rate: 120 \u2013 200 usually
P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves
QRS: Wide QRS \u2013 \u201cTwisting of the Points\u201d
Conduction: Ventricular only
Rhythm: Slightly irregular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

abnormal heart rhythm which results in quivering of ventricles<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Idioventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Idioventricular Rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<40
*looks like vtach but slow*
\u2013 no P waves (from vent foci)
\u2013 Wide QRS
(serious, death like rhythm)
\u2013 called \u201cdying heart\u201d rhythm\u2026occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Accelerated<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rate: 50 \u2013 100 usually (usually slow)
P wave: Obscured by ventricular waves (occur during ventricular contraction) \u2013 SA node slower than faster ventricular pacing than should be
QRS: Wide QRS
Conduction: Ventricular only
Rhythm: Regular- benign rhythm that is sometimes seen during acute MI or early after reperfusion. \u2013 Rarely sustained, does not progress to vfib, rarely requires treatment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"asystole\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

asystole<\/p>\n\n\n\n

absence of contractions of the heart<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Failure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Failure to capture (pacemaker)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"failure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

failure to sense (pacemaker)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Atrial<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atrial paced rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

spike before P wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ventricular paced rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ventricular contractions which occur in cases of complete heart block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Normal<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Normal sinus rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 60-100
P Wave: Present, upright
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sinus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinus Bradycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: <60
P Wave: Present, upright
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sinus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sinus Tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 100-150
P Wave: Present, upright
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Premature<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Premature Atrial Contraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IRREGULAR
Rate: depends on underlying rhythm
P wave: Present or hidden in T wave
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Atrial<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atrial Fibrillation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IRREGULAR
Atrial rate: UNMEASURABLE
Ventricular rate: variable
P wave: unable to see
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A fib RVR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IRREGULAR
Ventricular rate: 100-175
P wave: unable to see
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Atrial<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atrial Flutter<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usually REGULAR can be irregular
Atrial rate: 250-350
Ventricular rate: variable BUT < atrial rate
P Wave: Flutter
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Supraventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Supraventricular Tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 150-350
P wave: Hidden in QRS or T wave
PR: unable to determine
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Junctional<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Junctional Rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 40-60
P Wave: ABSENT or INVERTED
PR Interval: None or <0.12
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Accelerated<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Accelerated Junctional Rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 60-100
P Wave: NONE or INVERTED
PR Interval: None or <0.12
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Junctional<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Junctional Tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: >100
P Wave: NONE or INVERTED
PR Interval: None or <0.12
QRS: <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Premature<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Premature Ventricular Contraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IRREGULAR
Rate: refer to underlying rhythm
P Wave: NONE
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: WIDE and BIZARRE , >0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ventricular Tachycardia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: >100
P Wave: NONE
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: WIDE and BIZARRE, >0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ventricular<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ventricular Fibrillation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaotic
Coarse: big waves
Fine: small waves
Rate: unmeasurable
P Wave: NONE
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: N\/A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Idioventricular\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Idioventricular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 20-50
P wave: NONE
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: WIDE, >0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Accelerated<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Accelerated Idoventricular Rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 50-100
P wave: NONE
PR Interval: N\/A
QRS: WIDE, >0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"1st<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1st Degree AV Block<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular
Rate: 60-100
P Wave: Present, upright
PR interval: >0.20 sec CONSISTENTLY LONG
QRS: <0.12 secHusband stays late till 9 consistently<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2nd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2nd Degree AV Block Type I Mobitz, Wenckebach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IRREGULAR
Rate: 60-100
P wave: Present, upright
PR Interval: Progressively longer until drop (PR interval longer and longer until drop)
QRS: <0.12 secHusband stays late till 9, then 11, then 1, then doesn\u2019t come home at all<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2nd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2nd Degree AV Block Type II<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irregular or regular
Rate: <60
P wave: Present, upright
PR Interval: PR interval consistently LONGER like type 1 but then a QRS will drop
QRS: <0.12 secHusband stays late till 9 consistently, then wife goes out and doesn\u2019t come home<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"3rd<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3rd Degree AV Block<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atrials and ventricles don\u2019t communicate
Rate: regular atrial
P wave: Present, upright
No relationship between P waves and QRS
PR Interval: VARIABLE
QRS: variableP-P ad R-R consistent but NO correlationHusband and wife live separate lives and don\u2019t communicate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SA Node<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1st
60-100<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AV Node<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2nd
40-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bundle of His<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3rd
40-45<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Right and Left Bundle Branches<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4th
40-45<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Purkinje Fibers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5th
20-50<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Small Box<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.04 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 Big Box<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.20 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Junctional Rhythms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SA Node DID NOT FIRE
AV Node fired
NO P WAVE bc SA node didn\u2019t fire
Narrow QRS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P Wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amplitude 0.5-2.5 mm
Will be shorter than T wave
Shows firing of SA node<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QRS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.06-0.10 sec SHOULD BE <0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wide QRS: delay in ventricular contraction, delay of conduction through bundle branches or purkinje fibers
BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK or BLOCK IN PURKINJE FIBERS (idioventricular)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calculate Regular Rate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1500\/ # boxes R-R<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calculate Irregular Rate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# of Rs in 6 sec strip X 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Unifocal<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Unifocal PVCs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only 1 shape PVC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bigeminy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PVC occurs every OTHER beat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trigeminy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PVC occurs every THIRD beat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Couplet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 PVCs together<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triplet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 PVCs together<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multifocal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multiple shapes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Monomorphic<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Monomorphic V Tach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Same Shapes V Tach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Polymorphic<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Polymorphic V Tach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Different Shapes V tach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Coarse<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Coarse V Fib<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chopy but not as high as polymorphic V tach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fine<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fine V Fib<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fine and fibrillatory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idioventricular Rhythms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only purkinje fibers firing
WIDE QRS always<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atrially Paced<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spike comes before P<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ventricularly Paced<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spike comes before QRS and QRS will be wide<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AV Paced<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spike before P and before QR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Failure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Failure to Capture<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spikes with no QRS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Failure<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Failure to Sense<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spikes happen regardless of QRS on their own<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to determine the rhythm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regular or irregular?
Rate?
P before every QRS? QRS for every P?
QRS wide or narrow?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QT Interval<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.34-0.43<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P Wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.06-0.12 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PR Interval<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0.12-0.20 sec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SA Node Firing Rhythms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Fires normally @ 60-100*
-SR 60-100
-SB <60
-ST 100-150
-SVT 150-350<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AV Node Firing, SA Node Failed Rhythms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Fires normally @ 40-60*
-Junctional rhythm 40-60
-Accelerated junctional rhythm 60-100
-Junctional tachycardia 100-150<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only Purkinje Fibers Firing Rhythms (Everything else has failed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Fires normally @ 20-50*
-Idioventricular 20-50
-Accelerated idioventricular 50-100<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

normal sinus rhythm heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute Sinus Arrhythmia Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:Respiratory \u2013 Circulatory interactionRate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN) Sinus Bradycardia <60normal sinus rhythm Sinus Tachycardia >100 (100-150)normal sinus rhythm Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) Heart Rate: Depends […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110561"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110561\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}