![\"\"](\"https:\/\/d3tvd1u91rr79.cloudfront.net\/83a472b27701ca53eeea95ff433fbfe1\/html\/bg1.png?Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kM3R2ZDF1OTFycjc5LmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0LzgzYTQ3MmIyNzcwMWNhNTNlZWVhOTVmZjQzM2ZiZmUxL2h0bWwvKiIsIkNvbmRpdGlvbiI6eyJEYXRlTGVzc1RoYW4iOnsiQVdTOkVwb2NoVGltZSI6MTY5MDQ5NzAxM319fV19&Signature=JIRhMaRzk5oHUFsg42jL9Az71j0OUQPnKW0ctaH5NvGQx3AwqYklO2TRck6nhvcrc1Zd~Seo75gY1eSzYsnLroTp6gAiZVKBmkd47FRG0egscxXFAps4MZ8QJUlItXIXMzw3M7KXNcEifltxSsbeeqoc16B0WSXB4ZiKxjV~no~Lq~U6apA7Znd36BMpBbaHcRgTkAOO5PZ68JiuUWYcacvnpgkpbzoBEJj0vQk8uZxLBKzXW0WxWuhNu1i649kzC-QV21KorKqZ~~Ur~PVnENnbGRGpoyINVE-v4ZP3bWaa9xGe4WOCCw9XQeJdnLF5vjBQSppS5usENcq28eWpeA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ535ZH3ZAIIOADHQ\")
<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Name: Date:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PA: Student Exploration: Earthquakes 1 \u2013 Recording Station<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and<\/p>\n\n\n\n
prompts in the orange boxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Background Knowledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Seismic waves are divided into two types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Body waves and surface waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Body waves include P and S waves, and<\/p>\n\n\n\n
these are the two types of waves that are used<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to determine the internal structure of the<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Surface waves include Rayleigh and Love<\/p>\n\n\n\n
waves. However, these waves only travel<\/p>\n\n\n\n
through the Earth\u2019s crust and relate to damage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
created by the earthquakes, not how we<\/p>\n\n\n\n
determine the structure of the earth so we will<\/p>\n\n\n\n
come back to these later<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First Type of Body Wave\u2026. PWaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P waves (pressure or primary waves) travel as a region of compression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How would this appear?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Watch the simulation here: http:\/\/web.ics.purdue.edu\/~braile\/edumod\/waves\/Pwave.gif then<\/p>\n\n\n\n
answer the questions which follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1) Observe what happens to the distance between the vertical lines as the simulation of the<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pwave moves across your screen. During compression, the vertical lines move:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A) closer together or<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B) further apart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2) This wave is similar to the way ____________ travel through air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A) sound B) light waves continued \u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3) As a P wave travels, the vertical lines vibrate back and forth _________ to the direction of<\/p>\n\n\n\n
energy (wave) travel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/d3tvd1u91rr79.cloudfront.net\/83a472b27701ca53eeea95ff433fbfe1\/html\/bg2.png?Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kM3R2ZDF1OTFycjc5LmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0LzgzYTQ3MmIyNzcwMWNhNTNlZWVhOTVmZjQzM2ZiZmUxL2h0bWwvKiIsIkNvbmRpdGlvbiI6eyJEYXRlTGVzc1RoYW4iOnsiQVdTOkVwb2NoVGltZSI6MTY5MDQ5NzAxM319fV19&Signature=JIRhMaRzk5oHUFsg42jL9Az71j0OUQPnKW0ctaH5NvGQx3AwqYklO2TRck6nhvcrc1Zd~Seo75gY1eSzYsnLroTp6gAiZVKBmkd47FRG0egscxXFAps4MZ8QJUlItXIXMzw3M7KXNcEifltxSsbeeqoc16B0WSXB4ZiKxjV~no~Lq~U6apA7Znd36BMpBbaHcRgTkAOO5PZ68JiuUWYcacvnpgkpbzoBEJj0vQk8uZxLBKzXW0WxWuhNu1i649kzC-QV21KorKqZ~~Ur~PVnENnbGRGpoyINVE-v4ZP3bWaa9xGe4WOCCw9XQeJdnLF5vjBQSppS5usENcq28eWpeA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ535ZH3ZAIIOADHQ\")
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A) parallel or<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B) perpendicular<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4) Based on what we have learned about waves the P waves are examples of<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A) longitudinal waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B) transverse waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P waves are the fastest kind of seismic wave , typically between 5 and 8 km\/s, so it is the first<\/p>\n\n\n\n
to arrive at a seismic station. P waves have the ability to move through solid rock and fluid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rock, like water or the semi-liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
through in the same way sound waves push and pull the air particles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Have you ever heard a big clap of thunder and heard the windows rattle at the same time?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The windows rattle because sound waves push and pull on the glass much like P waves push<\/p>\n\n\n\n
and pull on rock. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake, but usually<\/p>\n\n\n\n
humans only feel the \u201cbump\u201d of these waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Take a few minutes to watch the video at : https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/media\/videos\/listen-<\/p>\n\n\n\n
earthquakes and see how you do recognizing earthquake sound to other sounds that can<\/p>\n\n\n\n
be picked up on siesmographs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second Type of Body Waves: S Waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S waves (shear waves) travel like vibrations in a bowl of Jello as someone shakes it up and<\/p>\n\n\n\n
down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How would this appear? Use the simulation at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Observe what happens and answer the questions which follow: continued \u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4) Does the distance between the horizontal lines change, is the rectangular shape distorted, or<\/p>\n\n\n\n is the rectangular shape just displaced up and down vertically as the wave moves accross your<\/p>\n\n\n\n screen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Horizontal lines change, and it causes the rectangle shape to distort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5) The movement of the horizontal lines is ____________ to the direction of the energy (wave)<\/p>\n\n\n\n travel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A) parallel or<\/p>\n\n\n\n B) perpendicular<\/p>\n\n\n\n continued \u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n S waves are the second wave you feel in an earthquake, they move more slowly than P waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Because P waves are compression waves they can travel through liquid. In contrast, S waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n cause a displacement of the ground perpendicular to<\/p>\n\n\n\n the energy transfer and can only move through<\/p>\n\n\n\n solid rock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vocabulary: body wave, earthquake, epicenter, fault,<\/p>\n\n\n\n focus, P-wave, S-wave, seismic wave, seismogram,<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismograph<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gizmo.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Have you ever experienced an earthquake? If<\/p>\n\n\n\n so, what did it feel like?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yes, I have since I<\/p>\n\n\n\n was born in Greece,<\/p>\n\n\n\n and I would<\/p>\n\n\n\n experience<\/p>\n\n\n\n earthquakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n frequently at a young<\/p>\n\n\n\n age. When you<\/p>\n\n\n\n experience an<\/p>\n\n\n\n earthquake it feels<\/p>\n\n\n\n like your entire<\/p>\n\n\n\n organs are moving<\/p>\n\n\n\n apart from each<\/p>\n\n\n\n other, the best<\/p>\n\n\n\n places to be would<\/p>\n\n\n\n be your car, since it<\/p>\n\n\n\n has shock absorbers<\/p>\n\n\n\n and can handle the<\/p>\n\n\n\n quake or a building<\/p>\n\n\n\n the is shock proof of<\/p>\n\n\n\n an earthquake as<\/p>\n\n\n\n shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Earthquakes are usually caused by the sudden movement of rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n alongafault,orfracture,inEarth\u2019scrust. Themostfamousfaultinthe<\/p>\n\n\n\n U.S. is the San Andreas Fault in California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What major cities are located near the San Andreas Fault?<\/p>\n\n\n\n San Francisco and Los Angeles<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gizmo Warm-up<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Earthquakes 1 \u2013 Recording Station Gizmo simulates the seismic waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n released by an earthquake. To begin, look at the key on the bottom left side<\/p>\n\n\n\n of the Gizmo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. The epicenter of the earthquake is the point on Earth\u2019s surface closest<\/p>\n\n\n\n to the focus, or origin, of the earthquake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. What symbol represents the epicenter? The Circle<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What symbol represents the recording<\/p>\n\n\n\n station?<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Triangle<\/p>\n\n\n\n that has the<\/p>\n\n\n\n letter A<\/p>\n\n\n\n inside it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Click Play ( ) and observe the seismic waves leaving the epicenter of the earthquake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. What types of seismic waves are released? P-Waves and S-Waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. Look at the Recording station detector on<\/p>\n\n\n\n the upper left side of the Gizmo. What<\/p>\n\n\n\n happens when the seismic waves hit the<\/p>\n\n\n\n recording station? The single wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n increases<\/p>\n\n\n\n The S- waves causes a huge spike in the signal<\/p>\n\n\n\n continued \u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activity A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reading a<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismogram<\/p>\n\n\n\n Get the Gizmo ready:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Click Reset ( ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Check that the Distance from the station to the<\/p>\n\n\n\n center of earthquake is 860 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Introduction: An earthquake releases an enormous amount of energy, which passes through Earth\u2019s interior in<\/p>\n\n\n\n the form of body waves. There are two types of body waves: P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n (secondary waves).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Scientists study earthquakes with the aid of an instrument called a seismograph. When seismic waves reach<\/p>\n\n\n\n the seismograph, a graphical record, or seismogram, is produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Question: How are P- and S-waves shown on a seismogram?<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Observe : Click Play, and then click Pause ( ) after the purple P-wave hits the station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. Look at the upper right corner of the<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismogram. At what time did the P-wave hit?<\/p>\n\n\n\n 143 secs<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What is shown on the seismogram at this time? Slight movement of waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Observe : Click Play, and then click Pause after the green S-wave hits the station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. At what time did the S-wave hit? 248 secs<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What is shown on the seismogram at this time? A large spike at the start of the wave then<\/p>\n\n\n\n later on a slow down<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Describe : Click Play and wait for the vibrations to stop. Suppose you were at the recording station when<\/p>\n\n\n\n the earthquake hit. Based on the pattern of waves on the seismogram, what did you experience during the<\/p>\n\n\n\n earthquake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n We will probably only hear only the vibration at 280 seconds after the earthquake started because of<\/p>\n\n\n\n the S- Wave hit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Explore : Click Reset, and drag the recording station closer to the epicenter. Click Play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. How does this seismogram differ from the<\/p>\n\n\n\n one you first investigated?<\/p>\n\n\n\n The wave hit the recording station earlier than it did<\/p>\n\n\n\n before because the recording station was closser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What would this earthquake feel like? You would feel a lot more vibration because it was<\/p>\n\n\n\n closer this time<\/p>\n\n\n\n continued \u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activity B:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distance to the<\/p>\n\n\n\n epicenter<\/p>\n\n\n\n Get the Gizmo ready:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Click Reset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u25cf Place the recording station 300 km from the epicenter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Does not have to be exact.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Question: How can you determine how far you are from the center of an earthquake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Observe : Click Play, and observe the P- and S-waves. Which waves are faster?<\/p>\n\n\n\n There P-waves are faster<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Measure : Wait until the seismogram is complete. Turn on Show time probe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Place the left (green) probe on the first P-wave, and the right (blue) probe on<\/p>\n\n\n\n the first S-wave. (See example at right.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n What is the Time difference (\u2206t) between the P- and S-waves?<\/p>\n\n\n\n 43 secs<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Predict : How do you think the time difference between the first P-wave and the first S-wave will change<\/p>\n\n\n\n as the distance to the epicenter increases?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Since it will take longer for the S- wave to get there, theri time difference will be longer<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Gather data : Place the recording station at each of the following distances to the epicenter. (Does not<\/p>\n\n\n\n need to be exact.) Measure the P- and S-wave time difference (\u2206t) on the seismogram at each<\/p>\n\n\n\n distance, and record the values in the<\/p>\n\n\n\n table on the left.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distance<\/p>\n\n\n\n (km) \u2206t (s)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 100 16<\/p>\n\n\n\n 200 19<\/p>\n\n\n\n 400 57<\/p>\n\n\n\n 600 79<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u270f Hand draw in this space or click here to select EDIT to use the<\/p>\n\n\n\n drawing tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 800 101<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1000 128<\/p>\n\n\n\n continued \u2192<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Make a graph : Plot your data on the graph to the right of the data table. Draw a line to connect the \u270f<\/p>\n\n\n\n points in order. What does this graph show?<\/p>\n\n\n\n It shows the higher the distance gets the higher the time difference is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Draw conclusions : How does the time difference (\u2206t) between the first P-wave and the first S-wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n relate to the distance to the epicenter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n The farther a seismic recording station is from the earthquake, the epicenter the greater will be the<\/p>\n\n\n\n difference in time of arrival between the P and S waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Apply : Suppose a recording station was located 500 km from the epicenter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What will be the time difference (\u2206t)<\/p>\n\n\n\n between the first P-wave and the first<\/p>\n\n\n\n S-wave?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Check your answer using the Gizmo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Were you correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Will be 67 \u2206t 153 \u2206t – 86 \u2206t = 67 \u2206t<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. Practice : On each of the seismograms below, label ( ) the first P-wave and the first S-wave. Estimate \u270f<\/p>\n\n\n\n the time difference (\u2206t), and then use your graph to find the distance to the epicenter. (As in the Gizmo,<\/p>\n\n\n\n each vertical line represents 50 seconds.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u270f Hand draw in this space or click here to select EDIT to use the drawing tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Label ( ) the first P-wave and the first S-wave. \u270f<\/p>\n\n\n\n Estimate the time difference (\u2206t), and then use your graph to find the distance to the<\/p>\n\n\n\n epicenter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (As in the Gizmo, each vertical line represents 50 seconds.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2206t: 117s<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distance: 941 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2206t: 69s<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2206t: 68s<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distance: 467 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n End of assignment – please check your work and submit<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. \u00a9 2020 ExploreLearning\u2122 All rights reserved<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n Student Exploration: Earthquakes 1 \u2013 Recording Station<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vocabulary: body wave, earthquake, epicenter, fault, focus, P-wave, S-wave, seismic wave,<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismogram, seismograph<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Have you ever experienced an earthquake? ___ No, I have never<\/p>\n\n\n\n experienced an earthquake _____<\/p>\n\n\n\n If so, what did it feel like? ______________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n __________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Earthquakes are usually caused by the sudden movement of<\/p>\n\n\n\n rocks along a fault, or fracture, in Earth\u2019s crust. The most<\/p>\n\n\n\n famous fault in the U.S. is the San Andreas Fault in California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What major cities are located near the San Andreas Fault?<\/p>\n\n\n\n _______ San Francisco and Los Angeles _____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gizmo Warm-up<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Earthquakes 1 \u2013 Recording Station Gizmo simulates the<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismic waves released by an earthquake. To begin, look at the<\/p>\n\n\n\n key on the bottom left side of the Gizmo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. The epicenter of the earthquake is the point on Earth\u2019s<\/p>\n\n\n\n surface closest to the focus, or origin, of the earthquake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. What symbol represents the epicenter? _ the<\/p>\n\n\n\n targetsymbol<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What symbol represents the recording station? __ the triangle with an A inside<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Click Play ( ) and observe the seismic waves leaving the epicenter of the earthquake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. What types of seismic waves are released? _P and S Waves________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. Look at the Recording station detector on the upper left side of the Gizmo. What<\/p>\n\n\n\n happens when the seismic waves hit the recording station? when they collide with<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n point A the graph makes minimal movements with the P waves but with the S it gives<\/p>\n\n\n\n more abrupt movements<\/p>\n\n\n\n ___________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activity A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reading a<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismogram<\/p>\n\n\n\n Get the Gizmo ready:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uf0b7Click Reset ( ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uf0b7Check that the Distance from the station to the<\/p>\n\n\n\n center of earthquake is 860 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Introduction: An earthquake releases an enormous amount of energy, which passes through<\/p>\n\n\n\n Earth\u2019s interior in the form of body waves. There are two types of body waves: P-waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Scientists study earthquakes with the aid of an instrument called a seismograph. When seismic<\/p>\n\n\n\n waves reach the seismograph, a graphical record, or seismogram, is produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Question: How are P- and S-waves shown on a seismogram?<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Observe : Click Play, and then click Pause ( ) after the purple P-wave hits the station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. Look at the upper right corner of the seismogram. At what time did the P-wave hit?<\/p>\n\n\n\n ______142 seconds ______________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What is shown on the seismogram at this time? ______ After the p-wave hit the line<\/p>\n\n\n\n started to get alittle bit of friction. _______<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Observe : Click Play, and then click Pause after the green S-wave hits the station.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. At what time did the S-wave hit? __248 seconds _________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What is shown on the seismogram at this time? ___ After the S-wave hit the line<\/p>\n\n\n\n gained morefriction _______<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Describe : Click Play and wait for the vibrations to stop. Suppose you were at the recording<\/p>\n\n\n\n station when the earthquake hit. Based on the pattern of waves on the seismogram, what<\/p>\n\n\n\n did you experience during the earthquake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n _____ They probably only heard vibration 280 seconds after the earthquake started<\/p>\n\n\n\n because of the S-wavehit _____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Explore : Click Reset, and drag the recording station closer to the epicenter. Click Play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A. How does this seismogram differ from the one you first investigated? _ The waves hit<\/p>\n\n\n\n the recording station earlier than itdid before because the recording station wasclose<\/p>\n\n\n\n _________<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. What would this earthquake feel like? _ You would feel a lot more vibrating because<\/p>\n\n\n\n it wascloser this time ____________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activity B:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distance to the<\/p>\n\n\n\n epicenter<\/p>\n\n\n\n Get the Gizmo ready:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uf0b7Click Reset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \uf0b7Place the recording station 300 km from the<\/p>\n\n\n\n epicenter. (Does not have to be exact.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Question: How can you determine how far you are from the center of an earthquake?<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Observe : Click Play, and observe the P- and S-waves. Which waves are faster? __ Their P-<\/p>\n\n\n\n waves are faster<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Measure : Wait until the seismogram is complete. Turn on Show time<\/p>\n\n\n\n probe. Place the left (green) probe on the first P-wave, and the right<\/p>\n\n\n\n (blue) probe on the first S-wave. (See example at right.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n What is the Time difference (\u2206t) between the P- and S-waves? _61<\/p>\n\n\n\n seconds _<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Predict : How do you think the time difference between the first P-wave and the first S-wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n will change as the distance to the epicenter increases? _ _I think the time difference will get<\/p>\n\n\n\n bigger. _________<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Gather data : Place the recording station at each of the following distances to the epicenter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Does not need to be exact.) Measure the P- and S-wave time difference (\u2206t) on the<\/p>\n\n\n\n seismogram at each distance, and record the values in the table on the left.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distance<\/p>\n\n\n\n (km) \u2206t (s)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 100 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n 200 30<\/p>\n\n\n\n 400 50<\/p>\n\n\n\n 600 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n 800 95<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1000 120<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Make a graph : Plot your data on the graph to the right of the data table. Draw a line to<\/p>\n\n\n\n connect the points in order. What does this graph show? __ It shows that the higher the<\/p>\n\n\n\n distance gets the higher the time difference is. _______________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Activity B continued on next page)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n Activity B (continued from previous page)<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. Draw conclusions : How does the time difference (\u2206t) between the first P-wave and the first<\/p>\n\n\n\n S-wave relate to the distance to the epicenter? __ The greater the time difference,<\/p>\n\n\n\n thegreater the distance.____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. Apply : Suppose a recording station was located 500 km from the epicenter. What will be the<\/p>\n\n\n\n time difference (\u2206t) between the first P-wave and the first S-wave? _____62<\/p>\n\n\n\n second__________<\/p>\n\n\n\n Check your answer using the Gizmo. Were you correct? ___69 second, so close___<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. Practice : On each of the seismograms below, label the first P-wave and the first S-wave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Estimate the time difference (\u2206t), and then use your graph to find the distance to the<\/p>\n\n\n\n epicenter. (As in the Gizmo, each vertical line represents 50 seconds.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2206t: ___95 s_ Distance: 800 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n ________<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2206t: 60 s_____ Distance: 490 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n ________<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2206t: 90 s_____ Distance:730 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n ________<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Name: Date: PA: Student Exploration: Earthquakes 1 \u2013 Recording Station Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Background Knowledge Seismic waves are divided into two types: Body waves and surface waves. Body waves include P and S waves, and these are the two […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-110565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110565\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\nhttps:\/\/www.geometrics.com\/wp-content\/themes\/geometrics\/images\/FAQs\/swave-resized.gif\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/d3tvd1u91rr79.cloudfront.net\/83a472b27701ca53eeea95ff433fbfe1\/html\/bg3.png?Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kM3R2ZDF1OTFycjc5LmNsb3VkZnJvbnQubmV0LzgzYTQ3MmIyNzcwMWNhNTNlZWVhOTVmZjQzM2ZiZmUxL2h0bWwvKiIsIkNvbmRpdGlvbiI6eyJEYXRlTGVzc1RoYW4iOnsiQVdTOkVwb2NoVGltZSI6MTY5MDQ5NzAxM319fV19&Signature=JIRhMaRzk5oHUFsg42jL9Az71j0OUQPnKW0ctaH5NvGQx3AwqYklO2TRck6nhvcrc1Zd~Seo75gY1eSzYsnLroTp6gAiZVKBmkd47FRG0egscxXFAps4MZ8QJUlItXIXMzw3M7KXNcEifltxSsbeeqoc16B0WSXB4ZiKxjV~no~Lq~U6apA7Znd36BMpBbaHcRgTkAOO5PZ68JiuUWYcacvnpgkpbzoBEJj0vQk8uZxLBKzXW0WxWuhNu1i649kzC-QV21KorKqZ~~Ur~PVnENnbGRGpoyINVE-v4ZP3bWaa9xGe4WOCCw9XQeJdnLF5vjBQSppS5usENcq28eWpeA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ535ZH3ZAIIOADHQ\")
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