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barber state board exam 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Cortex
The middle layer of the hair. A fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin to pigment. Gives hair majority of its strength and elasticity. A healthy Cortex contributes to %80 to the overall strength of the hair. Contains melanin that determines hair color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Medulla
The innermost layer of hair. Sometimes absent from hair and doesn’t play a role in hair coloring. composed of round cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Texture
The diameter of an individual hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Density
The number of hairs per square inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Porosity
The hairs ability to absorb moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Low porosity
The cuticle is tight. The hair is resistant (difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. Thus, it requires longer processing time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Average porosity
The cuticle is slightly raised. Hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
High porosity
The cuticle is lifted. The hair is overly porous and takes color quickly (also fades quickly) Permed, colored, chemically relaxed and straightened hair will have a high degree of porosity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mixed melanin
A combination of natural hair color that contain both pheomelanin and eumelanin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Basal cell cercinoma
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bromhidrosis
Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits and the feet that is caused by Bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bulla (plural bullae
Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to vesicle but larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chloasma
Aka-Liver Spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Closed Comedo
Aka-White head; hair follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment. Sebum remains a white or cream color and comedone appears as a small bump just under the skin surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Conjunctivitis
Aka-Pink eye; common bacterial infection of the eyes. Extremely contagious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contact dermatitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by Having contact with certain chemicals or substances. Many that are used in cosmetology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Crust
Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it’s healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cyst
Closed, abnormally developed that contains fluid, pus, semifluid, or morbid matter above or below the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair Root
The part of the hair located below the surface of the Epidermis.(outer layer of the skin).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair Shaft
The portion of hair that projects above the Epidermis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dermatitis
Inflammatory condition of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair Follicle
The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair bulb
The lowest part of the hair strand. The thickened. Club-shaped structure that forms the lower part if the hair root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arrector pili muscle
The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. (The reason for goose bumps).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dermal papilla
A small cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb. (Plural: dermal papillae)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dyschromias
Abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany many skin disorders and systemic disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eczyma
An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling and sometimes severe itching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Excoriation
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Extrinsic Factors
Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sebaceous glands
Oil glands in the skin and scalp that secrete sebum .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keratinization
Process of creating keratin protein. A non-living fiber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fissure
A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Example severely cracked hands\/lips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
COHNS elements
The major elements that make up human hair are : Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amino acids
Units that are joined together end to end like pop beads creating long chains of protein .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peptide bond
A strong chemical bond that joins amino acids also known as an “end bond”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proteins
Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polypeptide chain
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hydrogen bond
A weak, physical, cross-linking side bond easily broken By water or heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Salt Bond
A weak physical cross link bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. They depend on pH so they’re easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Disulfide Bond
A strong, chemical side bond that is different from the physical side bond of a Hydrogen or salt bond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wave Pattern
The shape of the hair strand. Can be described as straight, curly, extremely curly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vellus hair
Aka-“lanugo hair* is short, fine, unpigmented and downy hair that appears on the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Terminal Hair
Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Coarser than vellus hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anagen Phase
Aka-“Growth Phase” where new hair is produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Catagen Phase
The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Telogen Phase
Aka-“Resting Phase”-the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Androgenic alopecia
Aka-“Androgenetic Alopecia – is hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal Hair that is converted into vellus hair. Usually the result of genetics, age, or hormonal changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Free radicals
Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alopecia areata
An autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s own immune system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Postpartum aloepcia
A temporary hair loss experienced At the end of pregnancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alopecia totalis
This hair disorder usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches and can progress to total scalp hair loss .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alopecia universalis
Complete body hair loss .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Minoxidil\/ Finasteride
The only two hair loss treatments said to counter hair loss and approved by the FDA to sale in the USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Canities
Technical term for gray hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ringed hair
Is a variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hypertrichosis
Aka-“Hirsutism”- A condition of abnormal growth of hair. Characterized by the growth of terminal Hair in areas of the body that normally grows vellus hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trichoptilosis
The technical term for split ends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Technical term for knotted Hair. Characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular dwellings along the hair shaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Monilethrix
Technical term for beaded hair. The hair breaks easily between the beads or nodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fragilitas crinium
Technical term for brittle hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pityriasis
Technical term for dandruff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malassezia
A naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but causes the symptoms of dandruff if it grows out of control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pityriasis capitis simplex
The technical term for “classic dandruff”. Characterized by irritation, large flakes and an itchy scalp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pityriasis steatoides
A more severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tinea
Technical term for ringworm. Characterized by itching, scales and sometimes painful circular lesions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tinea capitis
Another type of fungal infection characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tinea favosa
Aka- “Tinea favus”- characterized by dry, Sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp called scutula<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pediculosis capitis
The infestation of the scalp and hair with head lice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scabies
A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin. Vesicles ( blisters) and pustules (pimples with pus) usually form on the scalp form irritation of the mite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Staphylococci
A Bacteria that infects the skin and scalp. Two most common types are furuncles and carbuncles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Herpes simplex
Recurring viral infection that often presents a fever blister or cold sore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Furuncle
Technical term for a boil, an acute, localized Bacteria infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Carbuncle
An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. Similar to furuncle but larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair stream
Hair flowing in the same direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Whorl
Hair that forms in a circular pattern, as on the crown of the head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Melanin
Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the Epidermis.callus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Callus
Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Collagen
A Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Comedo
Aka- a black head; a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dermis
Aka- ” derma, cutis, corium, or true skin” It’s the inner layer of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elastin
Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Epidermal-dermal junction
The top of the papillary layer where it joins the Epidermis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keratin
Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Melanocytes
Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Papillary layer
Outer layer of the dermis. Directly beneath the Epidermis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Motor nerve fibers
Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscle attached to hair follicles. Carries impulses from the brain to the muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Papule
Aka- a pimple. A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pustule
Raised inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus at the top of the lesion – the head of a pimple<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Propionibacterium acnes
Abbreviated P. Acnes; technical term for acne bacteria<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reticular layer
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients. Contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscle s sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Secretory coil
Coiled base of the sudoriferous (sweat) gland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Secretory\u200b nerve fibers
Fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands. Secretory nerves, which are part of the autonomic system (ANS), regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sensory nerve fibers
Fibers of the sensory nerve that react to hear, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. Sensory receptors that send messages to the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratum corneum
Aka-“Horny Layer” outer layer of the Epidermis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratum granulosum
Aka-“Granular layer” layer of the Epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratum germinativum
Aka-” Basal cell layer”; deepest, live layer of the Epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratum lucidum
Clear, transparent layer of the Epidermis under the stratum corneum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stratum spinosum
The spiny layer just above the germinativum layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Subcutaneous tissue
Aka-“adipose or subcutaneous tissue”; Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use of energy, and also also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tactile corpuscles
Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vitamin a
Supports the overall health of the skin. Shown to improve the skins elasticity and thickness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vitamin c
Important substance needed for the proper repair of the skin and tissues. Aids in and promotes the skins healing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vitamin d
Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium. Also promotes rapid healing of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vitamin e
Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun’s UV light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trichology
Scientific study of hair and it’s diseases and care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Albinism
Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body including the skin hair and eyes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Allergic contact dermatitis
Abbreviated ACD; an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anaerobic
Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anhidrosis
Deficiency in perspiration,often the result of fever or certain skin diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hypertrophy
Abnormal growth of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hyperpigmentation
Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing in dark splotches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hypopigmentation
Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Impetigo
Contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Intrinsic factors
Skin-aging factors over which we have little control<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Irritant contact dermatitis
Abbreviated ICD; occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the Epidermis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keloid
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of Fibrous tissue<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keratoma
Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of the Epidermis. A callus is a keratin a caused by repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin. Especially the hands and feet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lentigines (singular: lentigo)
Technical term for freckles; small, yellow-colored to brown colored spots on the skin exposed to sunlight and air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lesion
Mark on the skin; may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues and organs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Leukoderma
Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches (hypopigmentation); caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Macule (plural maculae)
Flat spot or discoloration on the skin , such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple has healed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malignant melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Milia
Benign, keratin filled cysts that appear just under the Epidermis and have no visible opening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Miliaria rubra
Aka-Prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the eruption of small, red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mole
Small, brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nevus
Aka- birth mark- small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nodule
A solid bump larger than.4 inches (1 centimeter) that can be easily felt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Noncomedogenic
Product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Primary lesions
Lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin, and\/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psoriasis
Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales; usually on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Retention hyperkeratosis
The hereditary tendency for acne prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rosacea
Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose, and is characterized by flushing (redness) telangiectasis (distended or dialated surface blood vessels) and in some cases,the formation of papules and pustules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scale
Any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes. Example is abnormal or excessive dandruff<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scar
Aka-cicatrix;a lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sebaceous cyst
A large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. Sebaceous cyst are frequently seen in the scalp and the back. They should be removed surgically by a dermatologist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Seborrheic dermatitis
Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting and\/or itchiness<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Secondary skin lesion
Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as an olcer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sensitization
Allergic reaction created By repeated exposure to a chemical or substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skin tag
A small brown colored or flesh colored out growth of the skin .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Squamous cell carcinoma
Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stain
Abnormal brown-colored or wine colored skin discoloration with circular or irregular shape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tan
Change in pigmentation of the skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Telangiectasis
Distended or dilated surface blood vessels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tubercle
Abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin. Larger than a papule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tumor
An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth and possibly weeping fluids or pus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vesicle
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid , lying within or just beneath the Epidermis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Verruca
Aka-a wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and Epidermis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vitiligo
Hereditary condition that causes hypopigmentation spots and splotches on the skin; may be related to thyroid conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wheal
Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow or scratch, the bite if an insect, urticaria (skin allergy) or the sting of a nettle. Examples include hives and mosquito bites<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eumelanin (in hair color)
Is the melanin that lends black and brown color to hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pheomelanin (in hair)
Is the melanin that gives blond and red colors to hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mixed melanin (in hair)
Is a combination of natural hair color that contains both pheomelanin and eumelanin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anatomy
Is the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; it’s the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Physiology
Is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Histology
Aka-microscopic anatomy; is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cells
Are the basic unit of living things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skeletal system
Forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 Bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osteology
Is the study of the anatomy, structure and function of the bones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the skull
Is the skeleton of the head, divided into two parts. The cranium and the Facial skeleton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Occipital Bone
Hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal ridge; forms the back of the skull above the nape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parietal ridge
Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium. There are two parietal lobes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frontal lobe
Bone that forms the forehead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Temporal Bones
Bones that forms the sides of the head in the ear region. There are two temporal lobes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ethmoid Bone
Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sphenoid bone
Bone that joins all of the Bones of the cranium together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nasal bones
Bones that form the bridge of the nose. There are two nasal bones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacrimal bones
Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets). There are two lacrimal bones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zygomatic bones
Aka-malar bones or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks. There are two zygomatic bones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mandible
Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Muscular system
Is the body system that covers, shapes and holds the skeletal system in place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Myology
Is the study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. The body has over 630 muscles. 40 to 50 percent of body weight is muscle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Striated muscles
Aka-skeletal muscles; muscles that are attached to the bones and are voluntary or are consciously controlled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nonstriated muscles
Aka-smooth muscles; muscles that are involuntary and function automatically without conscious will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle that is the heart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Origin
The part of the muscle that doesn’t move and is attached closest to the skeleton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How many bones make up the foot
26<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hyoid bone
U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue and it’s muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Insertion
The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Epicranius
Aka-occipital frontalis; broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Occipitalis
Back (posterior) portion of the epicranius: the muscle that draws the scalp backwards<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frontalis
Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius: the muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Epicranial aponeurosis
Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Auricularis superior
Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Auricularis anterior
Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Auricularis posterior
Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backwards<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 Muscles of the ear
Auricularis posterior, Auricularis anterior, Auricularis superior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Muscles of mastication (chewing)
Masseter \/Temporalis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Platysma Muscle
Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder Muscle to the side of the chin: responsible for lowering the jaw and lip<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sternocleidomastoideous
Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Muscles of the eyebrows
“Orbicularis oculi muscle” (ring of eye socket enables you to close your eyes) “Corrugator muscle” (muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead vertically)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Procerus Muscle
Muscle of the nose that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buccinator muscle
Thin, flat, muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheek and expels air air between the lips<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
Aka-quadratus labii inferioris muscle: it surrounds the lower lip and draws to one side as in expressing sarcasm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Levator anguli Oris muscle
Aka-caninus Muscle: muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Levator labii superioris muscle
Aka-quadratus labii superioris muscle: muscle surrounding the upper lip; and dialates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mentalis Muscle
Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raise and wrinkles the skin of the chin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Orbicularis Oris muscle
Flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Risorius muscle
Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back as in grinning<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Triangularis muscle
Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nervous System
A well organized by system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Central nervous system
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peripheral nervous System
The system of nerves that connects peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous System. Both sensory and motor nerves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous System that controls the involuntary muscles. Regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands,blood vessels,heart and breathing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sensory nerves
Carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Motor nerves
Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fifth Cranial nerve
Aka-“trifacial nerve or trigeminal nerve” The largest of the cranial nerves. It’s the cheif sensory nerve of the face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ophthalmic nerve
Supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids and interior portion of the scalp , orbit, eyeball,and nasal passage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mandibular nerve
Affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Maxillary nerve
Supplies nerve impulses to the upper part of the face<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Seventh cranial nerve
Aka-facial nerve; is the cheif motor nerve of the face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eleventh cranial nerve
Aka-accessory nerve: is a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Virus
Is a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bloodborne pathogens
Disease causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hepatitis
Bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Immunity
Is the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Natural immunity
Partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Acquired immunity
Is the immunity the body develops after overcoming disease, through inoculation or exposure to natural allergens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parasites
Organisms that feed, grow, and shelter in or on another organism while contributing nothin to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Microorganism
Any organism of microscopic\/ submicroscopic size<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Non pathogenic bacteria
Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pathogenic bacteria
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair analysis
Is performed by observation using the senses of sight, touch, hearing, and smell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Coarse hair texture
Hair texture with largest diameter. Usually requires more processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medium hair texture
The most common hair texture that is the standard to which other hair is compared<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fine hair texture
The hair texture with the smallest diameter and is more fragile, easier to process and more susceptible to damage from chemical services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 important factors to consider (hair analysis)
Texture, density, porosity and elasticity. ( Also be aware of growth pattern\/ dryness versus oiliness)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contraindication
A condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, products and procedures to prevent undesirable side effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Effleurage
Light, continuous stroking movement applied with the fingers or the palms in a slow, rhythmic manner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Electrotherapy
The use of electrical currents to treat skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Emollients
Oil or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Enzyme peels
Aka-keratolytic enzymes or protein-dissolving agents; A type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exfoliants
Products that bring about exfoliation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exfoliation
The removal of excessive dead cells on the skin surface<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foaming cleansers
Cleaners containing surfactants ( detergents) which cause the product to foam and Rinse off easily<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Friction
Deep rubbing movement requiring pressure on the skin with the fingers or the palms while moving them over an underlying structure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fulling
Form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out; used mainly when massaging the arms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gommages
Aka-roll off masks; peeling creams that are rubbed off of the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hacking
Chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands in massage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Humectants
Aka-hydrators or water-binding agents; ingredients that attract water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mask
Aka-Masques; concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils and other beneficial ingredients to clean, exfoliate, tighten, tone,and nourish the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Massage
Manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, gently pinchin, kneading, tapping, and other movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption and relieve pain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Massage creams
Lubricants used to make skin slippery during massage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mechanical exfoliants
Methods used to physically remove dead cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Microdermabrasion
Mechanical exfoliation that involves shooting aluminum oxide or other crystals at the skin with a hand-held device that exfoliates dead cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Microdermabrasion scrubs
Scrubs that contain aluminum oxide crystals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Modelage masks
Facial masks containing special crystals of gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moisturizers
Products that help increase the moisture content of the skin surface<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Motor point
Point on the skin over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ostium
Follicle opening<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Paraffin wax masks
Specifically prepared facial mask s containing paraffin; typically used with treatment cream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Petrissage
Kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing and pressing tissue with a light, firm pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rolling
Massage movement in which the tissues are pressed and twisted using a fast back and forth movement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Serums
Concentrated products that generally contain higher concentrations of ingredients designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tapoment
Aka-percussion; movements consisting of short, quick tapping, slapping,and hacking movements<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Toners
Aka-fresheners or astringents; lotions that help rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment cream
A specialty product designed to facilitate change in skin appearance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vibration
In massage the rapid shaking of the body part while the balls of the fingertips are pressed firmly on the point of application<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wringing
Vigorous movement in which the hands, placed a little distance apart on both sides of the clients arm or leg, working downward apply a twisting motion against the bones in the opposite direction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two basic requirements for healthy scalp
Cleanliness\/stimulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When can Scalp treatment be performed??
Before or during shampoo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asymmetrical balance
Is established when two imaginary halves of the hairstyle have an equal visual weight. Asymmetry can be horizontal or diagnal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Balance
Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bang area
Aka-Fringe area; triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the four corners<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concave profile
Curving inward; prominent forehead or chin. Other features receding inward<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contrasting lines
Horizontal or vertical lines that meet at a 90 degree angle and create a hard edge<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Convex profile
Curving outward; receding forehead and chin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Curved lines
Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction; used to soften design<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Design texture
Wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Directional lines
Lines with a definite forward or backward movement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diagonal lines
Lines positioned between vertical and horizontal lines. Used to emphasize or minimize facial features<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Emphasis
Aka-Focus; place in a hairstyle where the eye is drawn to first before travelling to the rest of the design<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Form
The mass or general outline of a hairstyle. It’s three dimensional and has length, width,and depth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Harmony
The creation of unity in a design; the most important of the art principals. Holds all of the elements of the design together<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Horizontal lines
Lines parallel to floor or horizon; create width in design<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parallel lines
Repeating lines in a hairstyle; may be straight or curved<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Profile
Outline of the face, head, or figure seen in a side view<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proportion
The comparative relation of one thing to another; harmonious relationship among parts or thing’s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rhythm
A regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Single lines
A hairstyle with only one line, such as a one length hairstyle<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Space
The area surrounding the form or area the hairstyle occupies<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Straight profile
Neither concave or convex; considered the ideal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Symmetrical balance
Two halves of a style; form a mirror image of one another<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transitional lines
Usually curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vertical lines
Lines that are straight up and down; create length and height in hair design<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Angle
Space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Apex
Highest point of the head<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Beveling
Haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with slight increase or decrease in length<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Carving
Haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair and resting on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cross-checking
Parting the hair in the opposite way from which you cut it in order to check for precision of line and shape<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Distribution
Where\/ how hair is moved over the head<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elevation
Aka-projection or lifting; angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted from the head when cutting<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Forged
Process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Four corners
Points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round and vise versa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Free- hand notching
Haircutting technique in which peices of hair are snipped out at random intervals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Free-hand slicing
Haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Graduated haircut
Graduated shape or wedg; an effect or hair cut that results from cutting the hair with tension, low to medium elevation or over direction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Graduation
Elevation occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Growth pattern
Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Head form
Aka-breastbone shape; which greatly affects how the hair falls and behaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Interior
Inner or internal part<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Layers
Create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Line
Continuous mark used as a guide;can be straight or curved, horizontal vertical or diagnal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Long layered haircut
Hair cut which the hair is cut at 180-degree angle; the resulting shape has shorter layers at the top and increasingly longer layers toward the perimeter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Noching
Haircutting technique, a version of point cutting, which the tips of the scissors are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them; creates a chunkier effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Overdirection
Combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline; used to create increasing lengths in interior or perimeter<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Palm-to-palm
Cutting position which the palms of both hands are facing each other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Point cutting
Haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut points into the ends of the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Razor over comb
Texturizing technique which comb and razor are used on the surface of the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Razor rotation
Texturizing technique similar to razor over comb, done with circular motion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Slicing
Haircutting technique that removes bulk and adds movement through the lengths of the hair; shears are not completely closed, only portion of the blades near the pivot is used<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Slithering
Aka Effilating; process of thinning hair to graduated lengths; cutting hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially open<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Slide cutting
Method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uniform layers
Hair elevated to 90 degrees from the scalp and cut at the same time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tools
Combs, brushes, shears , clippers, outliners,and razors<\/p>\n\n\n\n
French style shears
Shears with a finger rest or tang for little figer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
German style shears
Shears with without finger rest or tang<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Set of the shears
Refers to the angle of the blade from its tip to the ride and the alignment of the blades in relation to one another<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shank
Is located between the ride and the base of the finger grip of the shears<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shear size
Most barbers prefer shears that are 6 1\/2″-7 1\/2″ in length cause they facilitate shear over comb better than shorter ones<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Handle design (shears)
Opposing grip, offset grip, and crane grip<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Palming the shears
Shears are closed and resting in the palm while you comb the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Palming the comb
Transferring the comb to the opposite hand after combing to facilitate haircutting<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Canvas strop
Usually one side of a combination strop made of linen or silk. Removes metal burrs or imbrications left after honing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
High frequency machine
A machine that produces a high rate of oscillation or Telsa current for purposes of stimulating the scalp, facial and body tissues<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hone
A sharpening block manufactured from rock or Synthetic materials to create a cutting edge in conventional straight razors<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Russian strop
Type of cowhide strop considered to be one of the best. Requires breaking in<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shell strop
A type of horsehide strop made from the muscular rump of a hostel. Considered to be the best strop for barbers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Strop
An elongated piece of leather or smooth materials used to finish the edge of a conventional razor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Comedone extractor
Black head removal machine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Backhand stroke
Razor position used in four of the 14 basic shaving areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Close shaving
The procedure of shaving hair against the grain during the second time over shave<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cutting stroke
The correct angle of cutting the beard with a straight razor<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Freehand stroke
Razor position and stroke used in 6 of the 14 shaving areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neck shave
Shaving the skin areas behind the ears down the sides of the neck and at the neckline<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Once over shave
Single lather shave in which the shaving strokes are made across the grain of the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reverse backhand
Razor position and stroke used by right handed barbers for shaving the Left side of the neck behind the ear and used by left handed barbers for the right<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reverse freehand
Razor position and stroke used in 4 of the 14 basic shaving areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second time over shave
Follows a regular shave to remove any rough or uneven spots using water instead of lather<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Styptic powder
Alum powder or liquid used to stop bleeding or nicks and cuts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Balancing shampoo
Shampoo that washes away excess oiliness from hair and scalp, while preventing the hair follicle on drying out<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Clarifying shampoo
Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals and removes then from the hair. Contains a equalizing agent that enriches the hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Color enhancing shampoo
Shampoo created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deep conditioning treatment
Aka-hair mask or conditioning pack; chemical mixture of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deionized water
Water that has had impurities, such as magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable, removed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dry shampoo
Aka-powder shampoo; shampoo that cleanses the hair without use of soap and water<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hard water
Water that contains minerals that reduces the ability of soap or shampoo to lather<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Humectants
Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medicated scalp lotion
Conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medicated shampoo
Shampoo containing special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moisturizer
Product formulated to add moisture to dry hair or promote the retention of moisture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nonstripping
Product that doesn’t remove artificial color from the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pH balanced shampoo
Shampoo that is balanced to the pH of the skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Protein conditioner
Product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scalp astringent lotion
Product used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp; used after a scalp treatment and before styling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scalp conditioner
Product, usually in cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Soft water
Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains small amounts of minerals and therefore allows soap and shampoo to lather freely<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spray-on thermal protector
Product applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from harmful effects of blow-drying, thermal irons, or electric rollers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Acids
Solutions that have a pH below 7.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alkalis
Solutions that have a pH above 7.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atoms
The basic building blocks of all matter. Smallest particle of an element that has the chemical identity of the chemical<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chemical compounds
Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with fixed chemical composition, definite proportions,and distinct properties<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Element
Simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that requires the absorption of heat or energy from an external source for the reaction to actually occur<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exothermic reaction
The release of energy in the form of heat through certain chemical reactions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inorganic chemistry
Is the study of substances that do not contain carbon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ion
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ionization
The sperating of a substance into ions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Matter
Is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass ( weight)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Molecule
Two or more atoms joined chemically<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Organic chemistry
The study of substances that contain carbon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxidation
Either the addition of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. A chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxides
Compounds of any element combined with oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pH (potential hydrogen)
Relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pH scale
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and akaline solutions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Redox
Term used for an oxidation-reduction reaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reduction
The subtraction of oxygen from, or the addition of hydrogen to a substance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Salts
Compounds formed by the reaction of acids and bases<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Solute
Any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Solution
A stable mixture of two or more mixable substances made by dissolving a solid, liquid or gaseous substance in another substance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Solvent
Any substance, usually liquid that dissolves the solute to form a solution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Surfactant
A substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension<\/p>\n\n\n\n
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
Administration created by the US Department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards in the work place<\/p>\n\n\n\n
EPA ( Environmental Protection Agency)
Agency responsible for registering all types of disinfectants in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Disinfectant
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi and viruses (not spores) on surfaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n
End curls
Used to give a finished appearance to hair ends either turned over or under<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Full-base curls
Thermal curls that sit in the center of their base; strong curls with full volume<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Half-base
Position of curl or roller that sits halfway on it’s base and halfway behind the base, giving medium volume and movement<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Half base curls
Thermal curls placed halfway off their bas; strong curls with moderate lift or volume<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Half-stem curl
Curls placed half off their base; permits medium movement and gives good control to the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hard press
Technique that removes 100 percent of the curl by applying the pressing twice on each side of the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medium press
Technique that removes 60-75 percent of the curl by applying a thermal comb to each side of the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Off base
The position of a curl or a roller completely off their base for maximum mobility<\/p>\n\n\n\n
No-stem curl
Curl placed directly on it’s base, produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Off base curls
Thermal curls placed completely off their base, offering only slight lift or volume<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On base
AKA-Full Base; position of a curl or roller directly on it’s base for maximum volume<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Open-center curls
Pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ribboning
Technique of forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shaping
Section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation of the formation of curls<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skip waves
Two rows of ridge curls, usually on the side of the head<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Updo
Hairstyle in which the hair is arranged up and off the shoulders<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Volume-base curls
Thermal curls placed very high on their base; provide maximum lift or volume<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Base
Is the stationary (non-moving) foundation of the curl. Area closest to the scalp. Panel of hair on which the roller is placed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stem
Is the section of the pin curl between the base and the first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl it’s direction and movement. The hair between the scalp and first turn of the roller<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Circle
Is the part of the curl that forms a complete circle and ultimately the wave. The size of the circle determines the width of the wave and it’s strength<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Non-stem curl
Is placed directly on the base of the curl. Allows minimum mobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Half-stem curl
Permits medium movement. The circle (curl) is placed half off the base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Full- stem curl
Allows for greatest mobility. The curl is placed completely off base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shaping
A section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Open-center curls
Curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Closed-center curls
Curls that produce waves that get smaller toward the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ridge curls
Are pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a wave<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Classic styling brush
A half round, rubber based brush. Made of round-tipped nylon bristles. Ideal for smoothing and untangling all hair types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Paddle brush
Brush with large, flat bases, are well suited for mid-length to longer-length hair. Some have ball-tipped nylon pins and staggered pins to help keep the hair from snagging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grooming brushes
Are generally oval, with a mixture of boar and nylon bristles. Good for giving shine to hair and stimulating the scalp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vent brushes
Used to speed up blow-drying process. Ideal for blow-drying fine hair and adding lift at the scalp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Horizontal lines
Lines parallel to the horizon or the floor. Are used to build weight. To create one-length and low elevation hair cuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vertical lines
Lines described as up and down and are perpendicular to the Floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Straight and curved
The two basic lines in hair cutting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diagonal lines
Lines between horizontal and vertical. They have slanting or sloping direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Angle
The space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Beveling
Aka-Stacking; are techniques used to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stationary guideline
Does not move. All other sections of hair are combed to the stationary guideline and cut at the same length and angle. Used in blunt one-length cuts or in cuts using overdirection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most commonly used degrees in hair cutting
45 and 90<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When hair is elevated below 90 degree?
You’re building weight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When you elevate the hair at 90 degrees or higher?
You’re removing weight. Layering the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Weight and Volume
Draw attention to a speci fic area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair texture
Is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand. Classified as coarse, medium, and fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wide tooth comb
Comb used mainly to detangle hair. Rarely used when performing cuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Styling comb
Aka- all purpose comb. Used for most hair cutting procedures. Can be 6-8 inches long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5 Principles of hair design
Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis and harmony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proportion
One comparative thing to another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7 basic facial types
Oval, round, square, triangle (pear-shaped), oblong, diamond, and inverted triangle ( heart-shaped)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oval facial type
Is one and a half times longer than its width across the brow. Forehead is slightly wider than the chin. Can wear any style unless there are other considerations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Round facial type
Round hairline and round chin line; wide face. Create an illusion of length to the face, it’ll make the face appear slimmer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Square facial type
Wide at the temples, narrow at the middle third of the face and squared off at the jaw. Soften the hair around the temples and jaw by bringing the shape or silhouette close to the head form. Create Volume in the area between the temples and jaw by adding width around the ear area<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Triangular (pear-shaped) facial type
Narrow forehead, wide jaw, and chin line. Create the illusion of width in the forehead. Hairstyle with Volume at the temples and some height at the top.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oblong facial type
Long, narrow face with hollow cheeks. Keep hair fairly close to the top of the head. Add volume on sides to create the illusion of width.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diamond facial type
Narrow forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones and narrow chin. Reduce width across the cheekbone line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inverted triangle (heart-shaped) facial type
Wide forehead, narrow chin. Decrease the width of the forehead and increase the width of the lower part of the face<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tinea capitis
Aka- Ringworm of the scalp. Characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of hair follicles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pediculosis capitis
Is the infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Folliculitis barbae
Aka-Barber’s Itch. Is an infestation of the hair follicles characterized by inflamed pustules in the bearded area of the face and neck that may have hair growing from the pustule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pseudofolliculitis barbae
Aka- Razor bumps. Caused by ingrown hairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sycosis vulgaris
Aka-Sycosis barbae. A chronic bacterial infection involving the areas surrounding the follicles of the beard and mustache area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scalp Steamer
Is effective in prepping the scalp for massage and treatments. Steam towels are used in absence of scalp steamer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
90 degree elevation
Most common projection in men’s cuts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shear over comb
Is used to cut the ends of the hair and is a important method used in tapering and clipper cutting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How many general facial types?
There are 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 types of capes used in barbering
Shampoo cape\/ haircutting cape<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2 types of shampooing methods
Reclined method\/ Inclined Methid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1st step in performing a shampoo
Adequate preparation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What makes up 15% of a hair analysis?
Visual analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When Applying powdered or liquid styptic powder?
Apply with cotton swab<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When is Reverse Back Hand stroke used?
It’s not used on the face but employed at the side burn and behind the ears during neck and outline shaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lathering
Serves to cleanse the skin, soften the hair, hold the hair in an upright position, and create a smooth surface for shaving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Steaming
Helps soften cuticle, provides lubrication by stimulating oil glands and relaxes client<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How to test temp of hot towel?
Test temp on your wrist. If it’s too hot, hold the towel by the top of the top corners and fan back and forth for a few seconds<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Reminder” for shaves
The beard should be shaved at an angle with the grain of the hair, therefore, the Barber must determine when the reverse hand positions and strokes are the correct procedure for shaving a clients beard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Facial characteristics that help determine choice in mustache design
Width of mouth; size of nose; shape of upper lip area; width of cheeks, jaw, and chin,and density of hair growth. As a general rule be guided by clients pattern of hair growth and avoid cutting into natural hairlines too deeply to minimize daily maintenance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The purpose of a beard or goatee?
Is To balance the facial features and to correlate the proportions of face, head, and body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Once over shave
Single lather shave in which strokes are made across the grain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Close shaving
Shaving against the grain during the second time over shave<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First time over shave
First part of the standard shave consisting of 14 areas of the face; followed by second time over shave to remove missed or rough spots<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second time over shave
Follows a regular shave to remove any rough or uneven spots using water instead of lather; may be considered a form of close shaving<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Backhand\/ reverse freehand
The two Razor positions and strokes used in 4 of the 14 basic shaving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Freehand
Razor position used in 6 if the 14 shaving areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arching technique
Method used to cut around the ears and down the side of the neck<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shear-point tapering
Haircutting technique used to thin out difficult areas in the haircut, such as dios and hollows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rolling the comb out
A method used to put the hair into position for cutting by combing into the hair with the teeth of the comb in an upward direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Healthy skin
Is slightly moist, soft and flexible with a smooth, fine-grained texture<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Epidermis\/ Dermis
Two defined divisions of the skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Appendages of the skin
Hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reticular Layer
The deeper layer of the dermis, which supplies the skin with nutrients and oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What comb is good for flat tops?
A Flat Handle Comb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Corrective Hair treatment
Deals with the hair shaft rather than the scalp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Where does change occur during chemical service?
In the cortex<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suspensions
Are uniform mixtures of two or more substances<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Emulsions
Are suspensions (mixtures) of Immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Surfactant
A substance that acts as a bridge to allow water and oil to mix<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Acidic solutions
They shrink, constrict,and harden the scales of the hair shaft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alkaline solutions
They soften,swell,and expand the cuticle scales<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Solution
A mixture of two or more substances made by dissolving a solid, a liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A solute
Is any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A solvent
Is any substance, usually a liquid, that dissolves the solute to form a solution<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cosmetic Chemistry
Is the scientific study of the cosmetic products used in barbering and cosmetology industries<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tonic
A cosmetic solution that stimulates the scalp. Helps correct scalp condition or used as a grooming aid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The four skin types
Dry skin, Normal skin, Combination Skin, Oily skin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How many major systems in the human body?
There are 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Barba Egypt Bloodletting Swedish and Dutch immigrants A.B. Moler 1897 Ergonomics Professional Ethics Internally or intrinsically Potential Hydrogen Microbes Streptococci bacteria Diplococci bacteria Flagella or cilia Reproduce Forming Spores Soiled hands Viruses Bloodborne pathogens Plant parasite Decontamination Disinfection procedures Sterilization 1:1000 Safety Manufacturer each client Uniform pockets Harden the hair Dry or powder formulations Acid-balanced shampoos Trichology Amino acids Peptide bonds Keratin Hair Root Keratinization Sulfur Chemical bonds 75 to 100 hairs per day Anagen Phase 3 to 5 years Androgenic Alopecia Minoxidil and Finasteride Staphylococcal infections Pityriasis Tinea Capitis Staphylococcal infection Folliculitis or Pseudofolliculitis barbae Pseudofolliculitis barbae Nylon or other synthetic Inclined and a reclined methods Cleanliness and stimulation Dry scalp and hair treatments High-frequency current Scalp massage Stimulate the blood supply Oval face shape Pear shaped face Shorten the shape Short beard or mustache Back Left longer Tapered Parietal ridge Angle Projection Design line 90 degrees Nape Over direction Arching technique Freehand Comb and shear work Opposite Whorls 3 1\/2 Short clipper cuts Mirror Light taper blending Terminal taper blending Razor rotation Neck shave Reducing Quo Vadis style Outliner Long layered Where it grows 180\u00b0 Degrees Naturally Hair MOLDING Nape Diffuser attachment Marcel Base Temporarily All-purpose comb Tapering comb German 6 1\/2 to 7 1\/2
The word ” barber” is derived from the Latin word _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which country is credited with being the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The modern barber pole originated from the symbol of barber-surgeons, which evolved from the technical procedure of __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which ethnic groups brought barber-surgeons to America?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Who was the author of the first barbering textbook and was published by __<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Minnesota was the first state to pass a barber license law in what year?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The study of human characteristics for a specific work environment is _<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What are the principles and standards of good character, proper conduct and moral judgment used in the performance of one’s profession ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Where does the best motivation for learning originate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The letters pH refer to __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bacteria are commonly known as germs or______<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pus forming organisms that grow in chains and cause strep throat, tonsillitis, lung diseases and blood poisoning are__________<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bacteria that grow in pairs and cause pneumonia and gonorrhea are __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair-like projections that propel bacteria through liquids are called __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
During the active stage, bacteria grow and __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Some bacteria survive the inactive stage by __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diseases may be spread by _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Disease producing organisms that live only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them are __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Disease producing bacteria that are carried through the body and blood or body fluids are known as __<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ringworm is caused by a __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The removal of pathogens from tools and services is known as __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
State barber boards and health departments require sanitation and _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The highest LEVEL of decontamination is _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
For effective disinfection the minimum STRENGTH of a Quat solution used to sanitize implements is __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
OSHA regulates and enforces safety and health in the workplace by setting _<\/em><\/strong> standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The responsibility for product safety rest with the _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Headrest covers must be changed for __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
For sanitary reasons, combs and other implements should never be placed in __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mild acidic solutions contract or _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shampoo categories include liquid, liquid-dry and or _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
What type of shampoo is generally recommended for normal, chemically treated or fragile hair?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The technical term for the study of the hair is _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chemical UNITS that make up PROTEIN are _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chemical BONDS that JOIN amino acids together are __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair is chiefly composed of HORNY substance called _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
That portion of the hair found BENEATH THE SKIN SURFACE is known as the _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair cells MATURE IN THE FOLLICLE through a PROCESS known as __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The ELEMENTS found in the human hair are Carbon (51%), Oxygen(21%), Hydrogen(17%), Nitrogen(6%), and (5%) _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
End bonds are __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
It is normal to lose an average of _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
NEW hair is produced during which phase?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Anagen Phase generally lasts __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair loss that occurs as a result of GENETICS, AGE and HORMONAL changes is called __<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two hair loss TREATMENTS known to stimulate hair growth are and<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Common scalp disorders include DANDRUFF, FUNGAL infections, animal PARASITIC infestations and __<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The technical term for DANDRUFF is __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ringworm of the scalp is the common name for __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
SYCOSIS VULGARIS (barbers itch or infection of the beard), FURUNCLES (boil) and CARBUNCLES (infected follicle with pus) are the result of a __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inflammation of the follicle caused by bacteria or irritation may be signs of __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Razor bumps is a common name for _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
What type of cape is preferable for haircutting because they shed wet or dry hair more effectively?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Two methods employed by barbers to perform a shampoo service are the _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The basic requirements for healthy hair and scalp are __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scalp preparations containing moisturizing and emollient agents are used in __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scalp or hair products containing alcohol should be applied after applying __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hey tight scalp can be rendered more flexible by performing a __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
One method used to treat alopecia is to __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The facial shape most often recognized as IDEAL is the _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The facial shape that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom is the _<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
When designing a hairstyle for the OBLONG facial shape, the objective is to _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
To minimize a PROTRUDING CHIN, the client should wear a __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
To minimize the prominence of the NOSE, the hair should be styled forward at the front with the sides _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
To minimize the appearance of a LONG NECK, the hair should be __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
SHORT NECKS can appear longer when the hair is _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The WIDEST section of the head is the _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A SPACE between two lines or surfaces that INTERSECT at a given point is called an _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elevation is also known as __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The outer perimeter of the cut that may act as a guideline is the __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The most commonly used elevation in men’s haircutting is _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A tapered haircut is longer in the crown and top areas and shorter at the __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Combing their hair away from its natural falling position for cutting, results in __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The method used to mark or outline the hairline over the ears is called the _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The standard clipper cutting techniques are the clipper over comb and _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
As a general rule, clipper cutting is followed up with __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cutting against the grain means cutting the hair in the direction __<\/em><\/strong> from which it grows<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cutting the hair in a circular motion with the grain is advisable in the areas where _______are present<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The usual range of detachable clipper blades is 0000 to __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fades, Crewcuts, flat tops and Quo Vadis are examples of popular<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Always check sideburn lengths by checking the lengths in the<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The razor is held almost flat against the surface of the hair in _<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The angle of the razor blade is increased to about 90\u00b0 in __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The rotating motion of the comb and razor as the hair is being cut is called __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shaving the sides of the neck and across the nape with a razor is called a _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair thinning is used primarily for _<\/em><\/strong> bulk in the hair<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A style suitable for very curly hair that is even over the entire head is the __<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
A special clipper designed primarily for close cutting in the outline areas is called an edger, trimmer or _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The four basic haircuts are BLUNT, GRADUATED, UNIFORM layered and __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
When cutting the hair at 90\u00b0 degrees, the hair is projected 90\u00b0 degrees from _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
To achieve a LONG LAYERED cut, the hair is projected and cut at<\/p>\n\n\n\n
When cut at low elevations wavy and curly hair tends to graduate __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wet setting methods that use the client’s head as a form or tool are hair WRAPPING and __<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
When blow-drying the hair, begin at the _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
To blow dry short curly hair into its natural pattern use a _<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thermal waving is achieved with curling or __<\/strong> irons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The FOUNDATION on which the curling iron barrel or roller is placed is called the __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hair pressing with a flat iron or pressing comb straightens extremely curly hair __<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
What style of comb is generally used for haircutting?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What style of comb may be used for trimming mustaches, tapering necklines and blending around the ears?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The French style shear has a brace for the little finger and the __<\/em><\/strong> style does not<\/p>\n\n\n\n