What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like?
Correct answer- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha
carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar\/hydrophobic, polar,
and charged?
Correct answer- Non-polar\/hydrophobic – end with CH or “can’t have” water. Polar – end
with OH, SH, or NH. Charged – end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make?
Correct answer- ionic, hydrophobic\/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Correct answer- Primary – linear structure, Secondary – Folded into helix or pleated
sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary – 3D structure caused by side chain
interactions, quaternary – 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have
1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond?
Correct answer- hydrophobic – temperature change, ionic – salt or decreased pH,
hydrogen – temperature, change in pH, disulfide – reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?
Correct answer- hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding?
Correct answer- Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart =
malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure?
Correct answer- Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function.
May form a different protein.
What is an electron?
Correct answer- Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy:
Correct answer- Power derived fro chemical interaction
1 \/ 3
what are covalent bonds?
Correct answer- chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond?
Correct answer- bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond?
Correct answer- weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino?
Correct answer- piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl?
Correct answer- piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic?
Correct answer- Doesn’t like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic?
Correct answer- Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond?
Correct answer- strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH’s.
what are zwitterions?
Correct answer- amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide
Correct answer- polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis?
Correct answer- Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis?
Correct answer- adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix?
Correct answer- twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet?
Correct answer- folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation?
Correct answer- loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme
salt, temp, pH
2 \/ 3
what is aggregation?
Correct answer- clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded
proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson’s
how do enzymes catalyze reactions?
Correct answer- bind with substrates to decrease activation energy required and
decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
Correct answer- decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?
Correct answer- enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme\u0002substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is released,
enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes?
Correct answer- High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents
can cause an enzyme to lose its form\/lose function
what is a competitive inhibitor?
Correct answer- Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active binding site
what is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
Correct answer- Binds to allosteric site causing active site to change shape = preventing
substrate from binding with enzyme
what molecules increase\/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor? A -> (enzyme
1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme 2 is inhibited.
Correct answer- Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C.
Enzyme 3 and product D would not be created.
what is substrate?
Correct answer- the substance on which an enzyme acts
what is a product?
Correct answer- result of a reaction
what is an intermediate?
Correct answer- products produced in an enzyme pathway before final product
what is an active site?
Correct answer- location where substrate binds with enzyme
what is enzyme specificity?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like?Correct answer- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alphacarbon (C), and variable groupHow do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar\/hydrophobic, polar,and charged?Correct answer- Non-polar\/hydrophobic – end with CH or “can’t have” water. Polar – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111297"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111297\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}