{"id":112438,"date":"2023-08-15T17:27:06","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T17:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=112438"},"modified":"2023-08-15T17:27:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T17:27:08","slug":"nurs-611-exam-4-patho-actual-exam-2023-2024-complete-100-questions-and-correct-detailed-answers-with-rationalesalready-graded-a-maryville-university","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/15\/nurs-611-exam-4-patho-actual-exam-2023-2024-complete-100-questions-and-correct-detailed-answers-with-rationalesalready-graded-a-maryville-university\/","title":{"rendered":"NURS 611 EXAM 4 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2023-2024 COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>1<br>NURS 611 EXAM 4 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2023-2024<br>COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED<br>ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+<br>(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach?<br>a. Prostaglandins<br>b. Helicobacter pylori<br>c. Aspirin<br>d. Regurgitated bile<br>Prostaglandins. Prostaglandins and enterogastrones,such as gastric inhibitory<br>peptide, somatostatin, and secretin, inhibit acid secretion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glucose transport enhances the absorption of which electrolyte?<br>a. Sodium<br>b. Potassium<br>c. Phosphate<br>d. Chloride<br>Sodium. Sodium passes through the tight junctions and is actively transported<br>across cell membranes. Sodium and glucose share a common active transport<br>carrier (sodium-glucose ligand transporter 1 [SGLT1]).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What isthe cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease?<br>a. Excessive production of hydrochloric acid<br>b. Zone of low pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter<br>c. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the esophagus<br>d. Reverse muscular peristalsis of the esophagus<br>Zone of low pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. Normally, the resting<br>tone of the lower esophageal sphincter maintains a zone of high pressure that<br>prevents gastroesophageal reflux. In individuals who develop reflux esophagitis,<br>this pressure tends to be lower than normal from either transient relaxation or a<br>weakness of the sphincter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By what mechanism does intussusception cause an intestinal obstruction?<br>a. Telescoping of part of the intestine into anothersection of intestine,<br>usually causing strangulation of the blood supply<br>b. Twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle, causing occlusion of the<br>blood supply<br>c. Loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an adynamic ileus<br>d. Forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to the intestinal omentum,<br>causing obstruction<br>A. Intussusception is the telescoping of part of the intestine into another section<br>of intestine, usually causing strangulation of the blood supply.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\">\n<li>What isthe most immediate result of a small intestinal obstruction?<br>a. Vomiting<br>b. Electrolyte imbalances<br>c. Dehydration<br>d. Distention<br>Distention begins almost immediately, as gases and fluids accumulate proximal<br>to the obstruction. Within 24 hours, up to 8 L of fluid and electrolytes<br>enters the lumen in the form of saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, and<br>intestinal secretions. Copious vomiting or sequestration of fluids in the<br>intestinal lumen preventstheir reabsorption and produces severe fluid and<br>electrolyte disturbances.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An intestinal obstruction at the pylorus or high in the small intestine causes metabolic<br>alkalosis by causing which outcome?<br>a. Gain of bicarbonate from pancreatic secretions that cannot be absorbed<br>b. Excessive loss of hydrogen ions normally absorbed from gastric juices<br>c. Excessive loss of potassium, promoting atony of the intestinal wall<br>d. Loss of bile acid secretions that cannot be absorbed<br>Excessive loss of hydrogen ions. If the obstruction is at the pylorus or high in the<br>small intestine, then metabolic alkalosis initially develops as a result of<br>excessive loss of hydrogen ionsthat normally would be reabsorbed from the<br>gastric juices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the cardinal symptoms ofsmall intestinal obstruction?<br>a. Constant, dull pain in the lower abdomen relieved by defecation<br>b. Acute, intermittent pain 30 minutesto 2 hours after eating<br>c. Colicky pain caused by distention, followed by vomiting<br>d. Excruciating pain in the hypogastric area caused by ischemia<br>Colicky pain caused by distention followed by vomiting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?<br>a. Hypersecretion of gastric acid<br>b. Helicobacter pylori<br>c. Hyposecretion of pepsin<br>d. Escherichia coli<br>Helicobacter pylori.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A peptic ulcer may occur in all of the following areas except the:<br>a. Stomach<br>b. Jejunum<br>c. Duodenum<br>d. Esophagus<br>Jejunum<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"10\">\n<li>After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestationsthat include increased<br>pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which<br>mechanism?<br>a. Anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine,<br>prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascularsmooth muscles, causing<br>shock.<br>b. Postoperative hemorrhage during which a large volume of blood is lost,<br>causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia.<br>c. Concentrated bolusthat moves from the stomach into the small intestine,<br>causing hyperglycemia and resulting in polyuria and eventually<br>hypovolemic shock.<br>d. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the<br>small intestine, causing a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to<br>the intestinal lumen.<br>D. Dumping syndrome occurs with varying severity in 5% to 10% of individuals<br>who have undergone partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty. Rapid gastric<br>emptying and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine cause a<br>sudden shift of fluid from the vascular compartment to the intestinal<br>lumen. Plasma volume decreases, causing vasomotor responses, such as<br>increased pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness.<br>Rapid distention of the intestine produces a feeling of epigastric fullness,<br>cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which statement is consistent with dumping syndrome?<br>a. Dumping syndrome usually responds well to dietary management.<br>b. It occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating.<br>c. Constipation is often a result of the dumping syndrome.<br>d. It can result in alkaline reflux gastritis.<br>Usually responds well to dietary management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which statement is false regarding the sources of increased ammonia that contribute to<br>hepatic encephalopathy?<br>a. End products of intestinal protein digestion are sources of increased<br>ammonia.<br>b. Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices is a source of increased<br>ammonia.<br>c. Accumulation ofshort-chain fatty acidsthat is attached to ammonia is a<br>source of increased ammonia.<br>d. Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased<br>ammonia.<br>The accumulation of short-chain fatty acids, serotonin, tryptophan, and false<br>neurotransmitters probably contributesto neural derangement and is not<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1NURS 611 EXAM 4 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2023-2024COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILEDANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY) 2 3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112438\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}