BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER 2023-2024
ACTUAL EXAM\/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED
EXAM LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Explain the process of diffusion: – ANSWER- Molecules move from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of
molecules is the same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: – ANSWER- Water moves from areas of low
solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: – ANSWER- S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? – ANSWER- Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? – ANSWER- -The process in which the
Sun’s energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? – ANSWER- Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? – ANSWER- 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the electron transport chain? – ANSWER- Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? – ANSWER- Process by which cells divide to form
new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter
cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? – ANSWER- 46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? – ANSWER- Nondisjunction
occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can
form a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a
chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
What is the law of dominance? – ANSWER- Mendel’s 2nd law of inheritance – one
gene usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)
What is the law of segregation? – ANSWER- during the production of gametes the
two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor
from each parent
What is the law of independent assortment? – ANSWER- Genes for different traits
are inherited independently of each other
What is DNA biotechnology and what are some issues? – ANSWER- Use of
natural biological systems to create a product or achieve some other end desired by
humans
Issues:
-People feel it goes against the laws of nature
-People worry about the safety of it
How can lack of genetic control lead to cancer? – ANSWER- When someone has
inherited an abnormal copy of a gene, their cells already start out with one
mutation. This makes it easier for enough mutations to build up for a cell to
become cancer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G1 (Growth 1) – ANSWER- Cell volume doubles and organelles replicate
S phase (synthesis) – ANSWER- DNA is replicated
G2 phase – ANSWER- cell produces proteins necessary for mitosis and then
prepares to divide
What are the stages of mitosis? – ANSWER- prophase= chromosomes become
visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear enveloped disappears
metaphase= the chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator midway between
the spindle poles
anaphase= sister chromatids separate and become daughter chromosomes- each
pole receives a set of daughter chromosomes
telophase= spindle disappears as new nuclear envelopes form around the daughter
chromosomes- each nucleus contains the same number and kinds of chromosomes
the original parent nucleus
Describe the purpose of the cell cycle control system – ANSWER- Series of
checkpoints to make sure that everything is proceeding properly. Checkpoints
delay development from one phase off the cycle to the next until everything that
should happen in a particular phase has happened
Explain the phases of the cell cycle control system: – ANSWER- G1= cell can
enter GO or under apoptosis if DNA is damaged beyond repair. If the cell cycle
passes his checkpoint, the cell is committed to complete the cycle
G2= the cell checks to make sure DNA has been replicated properly
M Checkpoint= cell makes sure the chromosomes are properly aligned and ready
to be partitioned to the daughter cells
What is apoptosis? – ANSWER- Programmed chemical process that causes a cell
to self-destruct
Serves the purpose of keeping the number of cells in the body roughly constant and
removing cells with damaged DNA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Explain the basics of mitosis – ANSWER- Type of cell division in which one
cell(the mother) divides to produce 2 new cells(the daughters) that are genetically
identical to itself
Somatic cells aids in the growth and development of an organism as well as in the
replacement of old and injured cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER 2023-2024ACTUAL EXAM\/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTOREDEXAM LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECTANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADEExplain the process of diffusion: – ANSWER- Molecules move from an area ofhigher concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration ofmolecules is the same at both sitesExplain the process of osmosis: – ANSWER- Water moves from areas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112907","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112907"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112907\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}