NAS2 Challenge Exam Questions and Answers (With
Correct Solutions) Latest 2023
Purpose of Scientific Method – correct answer \u2705solve a problem or answer a
question
Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe & Record, Analyze, Conclude – correct
answer \u2705steps of scientific method
Independent variable – correct answer \u2705a variable that stands alone and isn’t
changed by the other variables you are trying to measure, change or controlled
example: age
dependent variable – correct answer \u2705a variable dependent on other factors,
tested or measured
example: test score – factors that go into a score you receive on a test
control group – correct answer \u2705does not receive treatment and used to
compare or measure the other subjects<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NAS2 Challenge Exam Questions and Answers (With
Correct Solutions) Latest 2023
experimental group – correct answer \u2705exposed to changes in independent
variable
anatomy – correct answer \u2705branch of science concerned with bodily structure of
living organisms; structure
physiology – correct answer \u2705science dealing with the functions of living things
or their organs
level of organization – correct answer \u2705living things arranged from the simplest
to most complex are:
organelle
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems, organism
populations communities
ecosystem
biosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NAS2 Challenge Exam Questions and Answers (With
Correct Solutions) Latest 2023
requirements for life – correct answer \u2705Cellular organization
Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Response to stimuli
Growth and development
Adaptation through evolution
survival needs – correct answer \u2705Food, oxygen, water, body temperature,
atmospheric pressure (oxygen\/carbon dioxide exchange)
homeostasis – correct answer \u2705relatively constant internal physical and chemical
conditions that organisms maintain
receptor – correct answer \u2705senses environmental stimulus and sends info to
control center
control center – correct answer \u2705hypothalamus
signals effector
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the purpose of the scientific method<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n to clearly do an experiment by process of steps helping you keep track and correct any mistakes and to show others how you got to the result that you achieved in conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Identify the purpose of the scientific method<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.Ask a question What is the difference between an independent variable and and dependent variable<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Value of an independent can be changed. You cannot change the value of dependent variable. the independent variable is the value which is manipulated in an experiment. The dependent variable is compared to the control group, which does not recieve the test variable<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Anatomy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n The study of structure and shape of the body and its parts and relation to one another<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Physiology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Study of how the body and its parts work or function<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Six Levels of organization<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Chemicals (atoms and molecules) Identify Requirements for Life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n The ability to :maintain one’s boundaries, move ,respond to stimuli,digest food, metabolize,excrete waist,reproduce,grow<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Identify survival needs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Nutrients Homeostasis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n A balance in which internal conditions change and very but always within relatively narrow limits<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Basic Mechanism for homeostasis (receptor, control center, etc)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Negative feedback mechanism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Negative feedback mechanism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Works to shut off original stimulus or reduce its intensity<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Positive feedback mechanism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n tend to increase the original stimulus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Anatomical Position<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the side with palms facing forward<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Superior (Cranial\/Cephalid)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Toward the head end or upper part of the structure;above<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dorsal\/Posterior<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Toward the backside of the body;behind<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Proximal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Close to the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Thoracic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n chest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cervical<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Neck region<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gluteal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n buttock<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Major planes of dissection<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Sagittal(left\/right) Identify body’s major cavities and their contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022 Dorsal\/posterior – toward or at the backside of the body; behind Atomic structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n The dense central nucleus contains the protons and neutrons, while the electrons orbit around the nucleus much like plants do the sun<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Symboligy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n study of interoperation of symbols<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ionic bonds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Covalent Bonds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Form when two atoms share electrons from their valance shells<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hydrogen Bonds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n form when a hydrogen atom is attracted by one electrons hungry nitrogen or oxygen atom is attracted by another electrons hungry atom and the hydrogen atoms forms a bridge between them this is an extremely weak bond<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Non-polar bonds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n share their electrons equally<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Polar Covalent Bonds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n do not share electrons equally causing there to be 2 charged poles<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Enzymes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bind and HOld the reacting molecules(the substrates) in the proper position for chemical interaction<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Substrate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bound to enzyme’s active site they undergo structural changes that result in a new product. Once the reaction has occurred the enzyme releases product<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Decomposition reactions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n occur when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules; AB —> A + B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Synthesis Reactions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n occur when two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a larger more complex molecule; A + B —> AB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Exchange reactions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n occur when a switch is made between molecule parts and different molecules are made; AB + DC —> AD + CB<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Enzyme Catalyze Chemical Reactions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Enzymes bind and “hold” the reacting molecules (the substrates) in the proper position for chemical interaction. While the substrates are bound to the enzyme’s active site, they undergo structural changes that result in a new product. Once the reaction has occurred, the enzyme releases the product.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Waters Role In Life<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u2022Reduces temperature fluctuations pH Scale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution (pH lower than 7 is acidic; pH higher than 7 is alkaline)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Organic Compound<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n compounds in the body containing carbon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Monomer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n are small molecules, mostly organic, that can join with other similar molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers. All monomers have the capacity to form chemical bonds to at least two other monomer molecules.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Polymer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units called monomers. Polymers are chains with an unspecified number of monomeric units.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Four Major Groups Of Organic Compounds<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Carbohydrates
2.Do Background research
3 Construct a hypothesis
4.test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
5 analyze your data and draw a conclusion
6. Communicate your results<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organismal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Appropriate temperture
5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Frontal\/Coronal (back\/front)
3 Transverse (top\/bottom)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Ventral\/Anterior- Toward or at the front of the body; in front of<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022Acts as a solvent for sugars, salts, and other solutes
\u2022Important reactant in chemical reactions
\u2022 Acts as a transport medium
\u2022Forms a cushion around the brain that helps protect it from physical trauma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic ACids<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n