WCU PHYS 261 FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2
LATEST VERSIONS A AND B EACH VERSION CONTAINS 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|AGRADE
VERSION A
What is acidosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and their
meanings? – ANSWER- -pH is acidic
-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess acid in the
body or not enough base in the body
-respiratory: imbalance between acid and base due to excess CO2 in the
body
What is alkalosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and their
meanings? – ANSWER- -pH is alkaline(basic)
-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess base in body
or not enough acid in body
respiratory: imbalance between acid and base due to not enough CO2 in
body
What are the 2 compensations for the 2 types of acidosis? – ANSWERmetabolic(compensation done by the respiratory system):
hyperventilation- releasing CO2 because CO2 is an acid, and releasing it
will increase the pH
respiratory(compensation done by the metabolic system): kidney will
increase reabsorption of HCO3-, and because HCO3- is basic, it
increases the pH<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What are the 2 compensations for the 2 types of alkalosis? – ANSWERmetabolic(compensation done by the respiratory system):
hypoventilation- retaining CO2 because CO2 is an acid, and retaining it
will decrease the pH
respiratory(compensation done by the metabolic system): kidneys will
increase secretion of HCO3-, and because HCO3- is basic, it decreases
the pH
What are the functions of blood? – ANSWER- -transportation of
nutrients and hormones
-regulation of water and pH
-defense against infections and blood loss
What is blood composed of? – ANSWER- fluid plasma and blood
cells(RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
What is plasma composed of? – ANSWER- Water, hormones, ions,
molecules, and proteins
What are the plasma proteins and their functions\/characteristics? –
ANSWER- albumin: 2\/3 of the plasma proteins, produced by liver,
creates and maintains oncotic pressure
globulins: 3 types- alpha, beta, and gamma, make up immunoglobulins
clotting proteins: 12 different types, produced by liver<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is erythropoiesis and its characteristics? – ANSWER- -the process
of RBC production
-produced by bone marrow from stem cells, production is controlled by
erythropoietin(released by kidneys)
What are the functions of hemoglobin and its structure? – ANSWER- -to
transport O2 in blood
-4 chains with 1 heme group each that contains iron that binds oxygen
What is the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve? – ANSWER- factors
that influence oxygen-hemoglobin binding and release
What are the characteristics of Right Shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve? – ANSWER- -hemoglobin has a low affinity to O2,
so oxygen is released to tissues
-pH is down, DPG is up, and temp is up
What are the characteristics of Left Shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve? – ANSWER- -hemoglobin has a high affinity to
oxygen, so it doesn’t release O2 to the tissues
-pH is up, DPG is down, and temp is down
What is hematocrit and its normal values for males and females? –
ANSWER- -the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
-average male percentage range: 43-49%
-average female percentage range: 37-43%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the function of iron in blood, the 2 proteins associated with it,
and their functions? – ANSWER- -iron binds oxygen, and it is
transported in hemoglobin in RBCs
-transferrin: transports iron along the body
-ferritin: stores iron along the body
What are the characteristics of RBCs? – ANSWER- -around 120 day
lifespan
-shape: biconcave disc
-destroyed in the spleen by macrophages(WBCs)
When RBCs are destroyed in the spleen, what is released? – ANSWER- –
chains of amino acids, iron, and heme that gets broken down into
bilirubin
What is hemostasis? – ANSWER- the process in which our body stops
bleeding
What are the 2 types of hemostasis? – ANSWER- -platelet
plug(primary): for minor injuries
-clot formation(secondary): for severe injuries, used along with platelet
plug
What are the 3 steps in primary hemostasis? – ANSWER- -vessel injury
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
WCU PHYS 261 FINAL EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2LATEST VERSIONS A AND B EACH VERSION CONTAINS 100QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITHRATIONALES|AGRADEVERSION AWhat is acidosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and theirmeanings? – ANSWER- -pH is acidic-metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess acid in thebody or not enough base in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-113972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113972\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}