{"id":114981,"date":"2023-08-23T10:59:27","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T10:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=114981"},"modified":"2023-08-23T10:59:29","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T10:59:29","slug":"biod-171-microbiology-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/23\/biod-171-microbiology-final-exam-questions-with-100-correct-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"BIOD 171 MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM. QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>BIOD 171 MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Microbiology is the study of what?<br>Microbiology is the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological<br>processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the smallest biological unit of life<br>Cell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is a macromolecule?<br>A macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that is composed from smaller<br>subunits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the four main types of macromolecules?<br>Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What various functions do proteins have in a cell<br>Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as<br>enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play a structural<br>role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?<br>There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA<br>(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information<br>within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible<br>for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering<br>the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of?<br>The plasma membrane serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates the<br>inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment. The plasma membrane also<br>restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of the cell, thus<br>allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed (influx) while also preventing the<br>escape (out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma membrane is composed of lipids<br>(hydrophobic hydrocarbons).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the three main components of carbohydrates?<br>Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples would<br>include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and C6H10O5 (cellulose).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?<br>Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell that<br>contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be<br>further classified as either Bacteria or Archaea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the main morphologies of bacteria?<br>Bacteria can be described as coccus (round\/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod)<br>or spirillum (spiral\/corkscrew).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh<br>conditions?<br>Archaea. They are able to survive in extremely harsh environmental conditions such as<br>high salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the four main classifications of Eukarya?<br>Eukaryotic microorganisms are classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae,<br>Fungi or Protista.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?<br>No. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not<br>considered living and do not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a<br>host.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what?<br>The cell membrane is a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids,<br>meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar<br>hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region. The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where<br>the non-polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact<br>with water both outside and inside of the cell.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know<br>the roles of each.<br>-Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis),<br>-Golgi (protein modification and distribution),<br>-lysosomes (waste disposal),<br>-mitochondria (ATP generation) and<br>-chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is cellular metabolism?<br>Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in<br>order to maintain life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated?<br>Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed<br>during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be<br><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BIOD 171 MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}