NCLEX\/RN
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing
environment.
(Answer) – Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person’s heritage and a sense of belonging to a
group
(Answer) – Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch,
laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer).
(Answer) – Low-risk therapies:
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans.
(Answer) – High risk of obesity & diabetes mellitus
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death.
Administration of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is
derived from blood products.
(Answer) – Jehovah’s Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat
combination is unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats
that are allowed include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and
ritually slaughtered.
(Answer) – Orthodox Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices,
manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine.
(Answer) – Five categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, &
wants all problems reported directly back to her
(Answer) – Autocratic leader<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine
staff member’s perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any
issues & ask the staff for input with developing a plan.
(Answer) – Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that
the staff needed to come up with a plan to “fix it.”(Answer) – Laissez-faire leader
Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck
& hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit.(Answer) –
Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork,
beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes(Answer) – Common food
sources of potassium:
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the
urine would be noted(Answer) – Hyponatremia
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum
hydroxide-based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with
alcoholism.(Answer) – Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative
factors. Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products,
vegetables, whole grains, & carbonated beverages.(Answer) – Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration’s or increased urinary
output, insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of
ileostomy or colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning.(Answer) – Causes
of a fluid volume deficit
Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid
losses, excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of
sodium.(Answer) – Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis.(Answer) –
Hyperkalemia causes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cushing’s syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives.(Answer) – Hypokalemia
causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis;
high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of
toxins, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea.
Intestinal secretion high in bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage
tubes, an ileostomy, or diarrhea.(Answer) – Metabolic acidotic
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase.
Symptoms experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia.(Answer) –
Metabolic alkalosis
Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD(Answer) –
Respiratory acidotic
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs.(Answer) – Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for
bleeding(Answer) – Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis.
Monitors extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure
heparin effect. Protamine sulfate is antidote.(Answer) – Heparin
Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of
vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption.(Answer) – Iron deficiency anemia
foods in diet:
May lack B12 in diet.(Answer) – Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables(Answer) – Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish &
shellfish. Smoked foods,(Answer) – High Sodium foods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade,
ice pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea.(Answer) – Clear liquid diet:
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast
drinks, milk, pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, &
strained vegetable juices.(Answer) – Full liquid diet:
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole
grain cereals, & legumes.(Answer) – High Thiamine foods
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize
effect of air traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart.
(Answer) – Suspects air embolism. Should immediately place client in which
position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis.(Answer) – Fat emulsion
(lipids)
Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness,
Kussmaul’s respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms,
blood glucose level should be checked immediately.(Answer) – Hyperglycemia:
Temperature and weight: Temperature monitored to detect infection, potential
complication of therapy. Infection also could result in sepsis because catheter in
blood vessel. Weight monitored for effectiveness nutritional therapy & detect
hypervolemia.(Answer) – Parenteral nutrition; PN monitor
Burns, exacerbation Crohn’s disease, persistent nausea & vomiting due to
chemotherapy. Had extensive surgery, multiple fractures, are septic, have advanced
cancer or AIDS. (Electronic infusion pump used to administer)(Answer) –
Parenteral nutrition; Patients needing
10% dextrose in water until new PN solution becomes available.(Answer) –
Parenteral nutrition; If PN bag empty hang
IV dislodged from vein & is lying in subcutaneous tissue. Pallor, coolness, &
swelling are results of IV fluid being deposited in tissue. Corrective action is
remove catheter & start new IV line at another site.(Answer) – Infiltrated IV<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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