{"id":117065,"date":"2023-08-27T17:31:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-27T17:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=117065"},"modified":"2023-08-27T17:31:24","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T17:31:24","slug":"texes-bundled-exams-questions-and-answers-with-certified-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/27\/texes-bundled-exams-questions-and-answers-with-certified-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"TExES BUNDLED EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (291)<br>Questions and Answers Graded A+<br>phonemic awareness development \u2714\u2714Awareness of sounds in a language<br>Awareness of rhymes<br>Awareness that sentences can be broken down into words, syllables, and sounds<br>Ability to talk about, reflect upon, and manipulate sounds<br>Understanding the relationship between written and spoken language<br>Rhyming, segmenting sentences into words, blending syllables into words, delete\/substitute<br>syllables\/sounds from words<br>phonemes \u2714\u2714the smallest unit of speech that can be used to make one word different from<br>another word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>single unit of sound<br>Vowel-consonant patterns \u2714\u2714In a cvc pattern, the vowel is often a short vowel sound. In a<br>CVCe word, the vowel is followed by a consonant and then the letter e. The e is usually silent<br>and the vowel before the e is usually long. In a CVVC word, two vowels appear between two<br>consonants.<br>reading comprehension:<br>A. Literal<br>B. Inferential<br>C. Evaluative \u2714\u2714Literal &#8211; Readers identify and\/or recall relevant information explicitly stated in<br>the reading selection by<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>identifying the order of events or a specific event from a sequence of events.<br>-identifying details such as key words, phrases or sentences that explicitly state important<br>characteristics, circumstances, or similarities and differences in characters, times or places.<br>Inferential &#8211; Readers use information explicitly stated in the passage to determine what is not<br>stated. Readers derive meaning by<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>-identifying implicit relationships (relationships not directly stated) such as cause and effect,<br>sequence-time relationships, comparisons, classifications and generalizations.<br>-predicting probable future outcomes or actions.<br>Evaluative &#8211; In evaluative comprehension readers analyze and make judgments about what they<br>read. At this level, readers use evidence from the text to reach conclusions and make<br>generalizations about the text and its wider implications by<br>-drawing conclusions about the characteristics, values, and habits of human beings.<br>-drawing conclusions about the author&#8217;s motivation or purpose for writing a passage or story<br>based on evidence in the selection.<br>Spelling Development: PRECOMMUNICATIVE SPELLING \u2714\u2714&#8221;babbling&#8221; stage of spelling.<br>Children use letters for writing words but the letters are strung together randomly. The letters in<br>precommunicative spelling do not correspond to sounds. Examples: OPSPS = eagle; RTAT =<br>eighty.<br>SEMIPHONETIC SPELLERS \u2714\u2714know that letters represent sounds.They perceive and<br>represent reliable sounds with letters in a type of telegraphic writing. Spellings are often<br>abbreviated representing initial and \/ or final sound. Examples: E = eagle; a = eighty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PHONETIC SPELLERS \u2714\u2714spell words like they sound.The speller perceives and represents all<br>of the phonemes in a word, though spellings may be unconventional. Examples: EGL = eagle;<br>ATE = eighty.<br>TRANSITIONAL SPELLERS \u2714\u2714think about how words appearr visually;a visual memory of<br>spelling patterns is apparent. Spellings exhibit conventions of English orthography like vowels in<br>every syllable, e-marker and vowel digraph patterns, correctly spelled inflectional endings, and<br>frequent English letter sequences. Examples: EGIL = eagle; EIGHTEE = eighty.<br>CONVENTIONAL SPELLERS \u2714\u2714develop over years of word study and writing. Correct<br>spelling can be categorized by instruction levels. For example, correct spelling for a corpus. . .<br>words that can be spelled by the average fourth grader would be fourth grade level correct<br>spelling. Place the word in this category if it is listed correctly.<br>Expository essay \u2714\u2714genre of essay that requires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate<br>evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and<br>concise manner.<br>present a fair and balanced analysis of a subject based on facts\u2014with no references to the<br>writer&#8217;s opinions or emotions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES History 7-12 Latest 2023 with<br>Certified Solutions<br>1529 \u2714\u2714Spanish explorer Alonso Alvarez de Pineda maps Texas Coast<br>1528-34 \u2714\u2714Alvar Nunez Cabez de Vaca explores Texas for trade<br>1685 \u2714\u2714LaSalle established Ft. St. Louis @ Matagorda Bay, providing the basis of French<br>claim to Texas territory<br>1688 \u2714\u2714The French colony is massacred<br>1689 \u2714\u2714The French continue to claim Texas but no longer physically occupies any part of the<br>territory<br>1690 \u2714\u2714Alonso de Leon established Catholic missions throughout Texas<br>1762 \u2714\u2714The French give up their claims to Texas and cede Louisiana to Spain until 1800<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1800 \u2714\u2714Much of north Texas is returned to France and later sold to the U.S. in the Louisiana<br>Purchase<br>1823 \u2714\u2714Stephen F. Austin begins a colony known as the Old Three Hundred along the Brazos<br>River<br>1832 \u2714\u2714Battle of Velasco-first casualties of Texas Revolution<br>1832-33 \u2714\u2714&#8221;The Conventions&#8221; responded to unrest over the Policies of the Mexican<br>government<br>1835 \u2714\u2714The Texas Revolution officially began in an effort to obtain freedom from Mexico<br>1836 \u2714\u2714The &#8220;Convention of 1836&#8221; signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. The Battle<br>of the Alamo. Santa Anna executed nearly 400 Texans @ the Massacre @ Goliad. Sam Houston<br>leads an army of 800 to victory by capturing the entire Mexican army @ the Battle of San<br>Jacinto. The Treaty of Velasco is signed by Santa Anna and Republic of Texas officials<br>1837 \u2714\u2714Sam Houston moves the capital of Texas five times ending in Houston<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1839 \u2714\u2714Austin becomes the capital of the Republic of Texas<br>1842 \u2714\u2714Mexican forces twice capture San Antonio and retreat<br>1845 \u2714\u2714Texas admitted to the Union as a state<br>1850 \u2714\u2714The Compromise of 1850 adjusts the state boundary assumes Texas&#8217; debt<br>1861 \u2714\u2714Texas secedes from the Union and joins the Confederacy<br>1865 \u2714\u2714Union troops landed in Galveston and put the Emancipation Proclamation into effect in<br>Texas ending slavery<br>1870 \u2714\u2714Texas is readmitted to the Union<br>1900 \u2714\u2714Galveston is destroyed and 8000 people are killed by a category 4 hurricane<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Art EC-12 Latest Update<br>Graded A+<br>Intensity \u2714\u2714degrees of shading between black and white (expressive drawing effect)<br>Cloisonne \u2714\u2714enameling technique where thin wire partitions (cloisons) are filled with enamel<br>(art form from ancient Byzantium)<br>Chiaroscuro \u2714\u2714using light (chiaro) and dark, or shade (use of shading)<br>Hue \u2714\u2714dimension of color determined by wavelength of light (one of the main properties of<br>color)<br>Veduta \u2714\u2714Italian for &#8220;view&#8221; (landscape painting popular in 18th century Venice)<br>Volute \u2714\u2714architectural element on an ionic capital (partially unrolled scroll)<br>Value \u2714\u2714darkness or lightness of a color (amt of light reflected by a hue)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tempura \u2714\u2714painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk<br>Monet \u2714\u2714French impressionist painter (1840-1926); Impressionism<br>Cezanne \u2714\u2714French post-impressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism)<br>by stressing the structural components in nature (said &#8220;everything in nature adheres to the cone,<br>cylinder, and the curve&#8221;)<br>Picasso \u2714\u2714prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France (1881-1973); Cubism<br>Piments \u2714\u2714gives color\/texture to paint<br>Gold Leaf \u2714\u2714paper-thin sheets of hammered gold that are used in gilding (such as Byzantine<br>icons)<br>Casein Paints \u2714\u2714Milk based paint (gets rancid); cheap (mostly used in theater)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synthetic Resin Paints \u2714\u2714chemically different from resinous compounds secreted by plants;<br>a&#8221;newer&#8221; painting medium (liquids harden permanently)<br>Vegetable Dyes \u2714\u2714colorants derived from plants\/fungi<br>Natural Dyes \u2714\u2714dyes\/colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals<br>Impressionism \u2714\u2714-movement in 19th century French painting, in which artists reacted against<br>Realism by conveying impressions of subjects in time; sought to capture a momentary feel, or<br>impression, of the piece they were drawing<br>Futurism \u2714\u2714-artistic movement in Italy around 1910 tried to express energy and values of<br>machine age;<br>-Italian movement begun shortly before and during WWI; depicted dynamic movement and<br>stressed violence &amp; speed of Machine Age; They advocated revolution and glorified war.(Balla,<br>Severini, Boccioni)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Physical Education EC-12 158<br>(2022\/2023) Already Passed<br>Stages of Motor Learning<br>Stage 1 \u2714\u2714Children progress from simple reflexes to basic movements such as sitting, crawling,<br>creeping, standing, and walking.<br>Stages of Motor Learning<br>Stage 2 \u2714\u2714Children learn more complex motor patterns including running, climbing, jumping,<br>balancing, catching, and throwing.<br>Stages of Motor Learning<br>Stage 3 \u2714\u2714During late childhood, children learn more specific movement skills. In addition, the<br>basic motor patterns learned in Stage 2 become more fluid and automatic.<br>Stages of Motor Learning<br>Stage 4 \u2714\u2714During adolescence, children continue to develop general and specific motor skills<br>and master specialized movements. At this point, factors including practice, motivation, and<br>talent begin to affect the level of further development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Practice \u2714\u2714Frequent, structured practice of motor skills enhances skill development in children.<br>Positive Feedback \u2714\u2714When a skill is learned it goes into short term memory and receives<br>positive feedback. The skill may eventually go into their long-term memory, creating memory<br>that is more permanent. Encourage the performer and helps in making the performer remember<br>every aspect of the performance.<br>Intrinsic Feedback \u2714\u2714Information received by the athlete as a direct result of producing a<br>movement through the kinesthetic senses- e.g. feeling from muscles, joints, and balance.<br>Extrinsic Feedback \u2714\u2714Information not inherent in the movement itself but which improves<br>intrinsic feedback (this is also known as augmented feedback).<br><strong>_<\/strong> feedback enables the athlete to establish a kinesthetic reference for the correct movement.<br>\u2714\u2714Extrinsic<br>Self-Assessment \u2714\u2714Powerful tool in motor skill development. Requires students to assess their<br>own skills and abilities encourages students to reflect upon their current skill level and take<br>control of the development process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many physical education instructors believe that <strong><em>_ learning is the most effective method of learning motor skills. \u2714\u2714Observational Learning _<\/em><\/strong> observation of proper skill performance by an instructor or peer is generally more<br>effective in promoting skill development than verbal instructions. \u2714\u2714Visual<br>Perceptual- motor development \u2714\u2714One&#8217;s ability to receive, interpret, and respond successfully<br>to sensory signals coming from the environment.<br>Adolescents with <strong><em>_<\/em><\/strong> motor coordination problems are at risk for poor school performance,<br>low self-esteem, and inadequate physical activity participation. \u2714\u2714Perceptual<br>Body Awareness \u2714\u2714Is a person&#8217;s understanding of his or her own body parts and their capability<br>of movement.<br>Spacial Awareness \u2714\u2714Is the ability to make decisions about an object&#8217;s positional changes in<br>space. (awareness of three-dimensional space position changes)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES English, Language Arts, and<br>Reading 7-12 231 Latest Update<br>Graded A+<br>You and I\/Me \u2714\u2714&#8221;Between You and I&#8221; is wrong, &#8220;You and I were meant to fly&#8221; is correct<br>Less and Fewer \u2714\u2714Fewer is used when you can count the objects, less is used when you can&#8217;t<br>Who and Whom \u2714\u2714Whom is an objective pronoun (An objective pronoun acts as the object of a<br>sentence\u2014it receives the action of the verb. The objective pronouns are her, him, it, me, them,<br>us, and you); it should be used to refer to the object of a sentence. If you&#8217;re stuck, you can try this<br>formula: if the pronoun can be replaced by he or she, then use who. if the pronoun can be<br>replaced by him or her, then use whom (you can also look for the preposition).<br>That and Which \u2714\u2714That uses a restrictive clause &#8220;gems that sparkle&#8221; or &#8220;dogs that bark scare<br>me&#8221; while Which uses a nonrestrictive clause &#8220;diamonds, which are expensive, often elicit<br>forgiveness&#8221; or &#8220;dogs, which make great pets, can be expensive&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not Only and But Also \u2714\u2714When not only is followed by but also (or simply but), it&#8217;s considered<br>good form to make sure the parts that follow each set of words are formatted the same way &#8211; and<br>you also need to put words like &#8220;know&#8221; before &#8220;not only&#8221;.<br>idiom \u2714\u2714a word or expression that cannot be translated word for word in another language,<br>such as &#8220;I am running low on gas&#8221; and is associated with a particular ethnic, age, socioeconomic,<br>or professional group<br>imply \u2714\u2714to hint at something<br>infer \u2714\u2714to make an educated guess<br>First, Second, and Third Person \u2714\u2714First: I, We, Me, Us, Ours<br>Second: You, Yours<br>Third: He, She, Its<br>Diction \u2714\u2714refers to the author&#8217;s choice of words, expressions, and style to convey his or her<br>meaning<br>also means the right word in the right spot for the right purpose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Discourse \u2714\u27141)Argument\/Persuasion<br>2)Narrative<br>3)Exposition- explaining information<br>4)Description<br>Heroic Couplet \u2714\u2714AABB and known for them are Chaucer, Ben Johnson, Dryden, and<br>especially Alexander Pope<br>Parable \u2714\u2714a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the<br>Gospels<br>In medias res \u2714\u2714the literary and artistic narrative technique of relating a story from the<br>midpoint, rather than the beginning<br>Formative Assessment\/Evaluation \u2714\u2714programs or projects are typically assessed during their<br>development or early implementation to provide information about how best to revise and<br>modify for improvement, students need numerous experiences of evaluation through the entire<br>project\/work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TEXES 7-12 Social Studies Content<br>Exam (232) Latest 2023 Rated A+<br>Quantitative Analysis \u2714\u2714this is the study of society using numbers and statistics.<br>Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo \u2714\u2714Pease treaty between the US and Mexico. The treaty called for<br>the US to pay $15 million dollars, set the border at the Rio Grande and gave the US ownership of<br>California, parts of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming and Colorado. Over 90% of<br>people in those areas chose to become US citizens.<br><strong>Theory of Relativity<\/strong> \u2714\u2714Einstein<br>Cordova Rebellion \u2714\u2714an uprising around Nacogdoches when Cordova and other leaders sought<br>to oppose the new Texas Republic.<br>Santa Fe Expedition \u2714\u2714This was a commercial and military expedition to secure parts of<br>Northern New Mexico for Texas. It was initiated by Lamar in order to gain control over the<br>Santa Fe Trail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Camp David Accords<\/strong> \u2714\u2714Signed by the Egyptian President, Anwar El Sadat and the Israeli<br>Prime Minister. Jimmy Carter was a witness. This lead to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty. (1978)<br><strong>Magna Carta and The Constitution<\/strong> \u2714\u2714both of these documents state that all men should be<br>allowed due process<br><strong>How can Congress help a recession?<\/strong> \u2714\u2714cut taxes on individuals, businesses and<br>corporations<br>Shay&#8217;s Rebellion \u2714\u2714an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Daniel Shay&#8217;s<br>led a rebellion against economic and civil injustices. These events shaped the Constitution and<br>lead George Washington to be president. *Farmers protested high taxes and heavy debt.<br>ancient greek slaves \u2714\u2714prisoners of war<br>Battle of San Jacinto \u2714\u2714Surprise attack on the Mexican Army by Sam Houston&#8217;s Texas militia.<br>The Texans had more artillery during this battle which ended the Texas Revolution. Texas<br>captured or killed the entire Mexican army and Santa Anna in 18 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Four pillars of Reaganomics \u2714\u2714reduce the growth of government spending, reduce federal<br>income tax and capital gains, reduce government regulation and tighten the money supply to<br>reduce inflation.<br><strong>The Feminine Mystique<\/strong> \u2714\u2714a book by Betty Friedman which discussed the lives of<br>unhappy housewives in America.<br><strong>Progressive Era amendments<\/strong> \u2714\u271416th (federal government can collect income tax) 17th<br>(direct election of Senators) 18th (prohibition began) 19th (women&#8217;s right to vote)<br><strong>North&#8217;s strengths<\/strong> \u2714\u2714larger population, industrial advantage, imported gun powder, and<br>controlled the navy &amp; seas<br><strong>South&#8217;s strengths<\/strong> \u2714\u2714could produce food, trained officers, fought in it&#8217;s territory *most wars<br>were fought in the Gulf Coast Region, had better skilled military leaders, were defending their<br>homes<br><strong>Comanche<\/strong> \u2714\u2714The most skilled tribe in horse breeding and training<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comanche, Apache and Kiowa \u2714\u2714all 3 of these native American tribes lived on the plains<br>Karankawas \u2714\u2714lived between Galveston and Corpus Christi. These native Americans practiced<br>ceremonial cannibalism where they would consume parts of the conquered enemies.<br>What did the ancient Mayans worship? \u2714\u2714Nature. Sun God, Maize God and Rain God<br>The constitution of 1824 \u2714\u2714established a republican government in Mexico but failed to<br>mention states rights<br>Treaty of Velasco \u2714\u2714This treaty ended the war between Texas and Mexico on May 14, 1836<br>and set the boundary at Rio Grande. Santa Ana agreed to withdraw his troops from Texas but the<br>Mexican government refused to recognize Texas as independent.<br>Sweatt vs. Painter \u2714\u2714ended segregation at UT and was a precedent to Brown vs. Board<br>Cabeza de la Vava \u2714\u2714Spanish explorer who shipwrecked and explored most of the region that<br>would eventually be Texas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES 113 Questions and Answers<br>100% Pass<br>Ms. Woods teaches social studies to a diverse group of students, including several ELLs. She<br>divides the class into groups of four to five students. Each student reads and presents the<br>information in a different excerpt from the textbook to the other group members. Which is the<br>primary rationale for using this activity?<br>A. Discussing expository selections improves ELL&#8217;s navigation of nonfiction text structures.<br>B. Using prior knowledge helps ELLs make connections to unfamiliar vocab.<br>C. Providing meaningful context increases ELLs&#8217; comprehension of academic language.<br>D. Requiring the use of multiple registers develops ELLs&#8217; application of the appropriate register<br>choice. \u2714\u2714C. because structured small group conversations allow students to practice using new<br>vocabulary through engaging in authentic interactions with other students.<br>Which of the following words has five phonemes?<br>A. Apple<br>B. Stand<br>C. Break<br>D. Crash \u2714\u2714B. because &#8220;stand&#8221; has five phonemes s\/t\/a\/n\/d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the following would best help a teacher evaluate the phonics skills of beginning<br>readers?<br>A. Examining students&#8217; handwriting<br>B. Assessing students&#8217; sight word recall<br>C. Timing students as they read orally<br>D. Analyzing students&#8217; attempted spellings \u2714\u2714D. because students&#8217; attempted spellings give the<br>teacher an idea of how they view words phonetically.<br>To motivate middle school students in language arts, a teacher implements learning clubs in the<br>classroom. Students have a class meeting on an assigned topic. They then work in groups to<br>research the topic and reflect on the information they learn. Finally, they add what they have<br>learned to a blog. The design of the learning clubs best shows that the teacher understands the<br>importance of which of the following?<br>A. Placing students in groups based on their individual language-arts abilities<br>B. Allowing students to research topics that are of personal interest to them<br>C. Developing students&#8217; literacy skills through multiple language-arts contexts<br>D. Providing students with explicit \u2714\u2714Option C is correct because learning clubs allow students<br>to meet in groups to discuss, reflect on and write about research topics, which all help to develop<br>students&#8217; literacy skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A teacher provides students with a list of prefixes and suffixes and their meanings along with a<br>list of five words, including &#8220;predetermined&#8221; and &#8220;indivisible.&#8221; The teacher then asks the<br>students to work with partners to use the two lists to try to discover the meaning of the words<br>without using a dictionary. The activity will primarily help students determine the meanings of<br>words through which of the following?<br>A. Contextual clues<br>B. Structural analysis<br>C. Visualization strategies<br>D. Syntactical clues \u2714\u2714Option B is correct because students are using prefixes and suffixes,<br>which are structural clues, to determine the meaning of the words<br>A teacher meets with a small group of students to read a new book. Throughout the week, the<br>teacher encourages the students to reread the book several times. Which of the following is a<br>primary purpose of this practice?<br>A. Instilling a life-long love of reading<br>B. Reinforcing the skill of letter-sound correspondence<br>C. Developing critical-thinking skills about story elements<br>D. Promoting recognition of high-frequency words \u2714\u2714Option D is correct because repetition is<br>a successful strategy for improving sight word recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ESL TEXES Supplemental Latest 2023<br>Already Passed<br>Acculturation \u2714\u2714The process of adapting to a new culture.<br>The process of acculturation occurs through several strategies including the following:<br>\u2714\u2714assimilation &amp; marginalization<br>Assimilation \u2714\u2714The members of a group are absorbed into a culture and lose characteristics of<br>the first culture. The group is willing or forced to accept the surface and deep culture of the new<br>culture and give up original culture.<br>Marginalization \u2714\u2714Groups lacking desirable traits are excluded from society. These groups<br>include poor, uneducated, undesirable color and language. These groups will stay on the margin<br>of acceptance by society unless there is social intervention.<br>Adaptation \u2714\u2714Finding ways to adapt to and become part of the new culture while maintaining<br>important values and customs of the original culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Affective Filter \u2714\u2714The psychological barrier that allows input to be filtered through to a<br>language processing mechanism. A low filter has little anxiety increasing comprehension and<br>attention.<br>Assimilation \u2714\u2714Deciding to become like members of the new culture, to accept their surface<br>and deep culture, and giving up the original culture.<br>Bilingual Education \u2714\u2714An educational program in which two languages are used during<br>instruction in order to 1) continue primary language development, 2) provide instruction in<br>content in both L1 and L2, and 3) English acquisition.<br>BICS \u2714\u2714(Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills: Skills necessary<br>for functioning in every day life, face-to face interactions. These skills usually take about two<br>years to develop in most second language learners.<br>Brain Laterization \u2714\u2714Refers to functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain which<br>affects language acquisition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CALP \u2714\u2714(Cummins, J. 1979-1980) Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency: The aspects of<br>language linked to literacy and academic achievement. These skills usually take five to seven<br>years to fully develop in Second language learners.<br>Chompsky, Noam \u2714\u2714Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT. He is credited with the creation of<br>the Theory of Generative Grammar. His naturalistic approach to the study of language affected<br>the philosophy of language and mind through his theory of the Language Acquistion Device. His<br>work influenced the works of Krashen and Terrell among others.<br>Cognates \u2714\u2714Words which have a common origin. There are 3 distinct levels. They are: True<br>Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate<br>True Cognate \u2714\u2714The word is spelled the same, meaning the same, but pronunciation will be<br>different according to language structure of the words such as an accent mark. Example: Englishrodeo Spanish- rodeo<br>Partial Cognate \u2714\u2714The word in other languages has the same origin but the spelling will differ.<br>The meaning will be the same but the pronunciation due to the language structure will be<br>different. Example: english- fragrance spanish- frangancia english- apple german apfel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>False Cognate \u2714\u2714The word in another language may have the same origin but will have<br>different spelling and different meaning. Pronunciation will be different. Example: English- extto go out, leave Spanish- exito- success English- embarrassed- uncomfortable Spanish<br>embarazada- pregnant<br>Cognitive Strategies \u2714\u2714Learning strategies that are taught to promote independent learning and<br>higher order thinking skills.<br>Comprehensible Input \u2714\u2714Language that is understood by the learner. Focuses on meaning first<br>and uses simplified speech.<br>Connotation \u2714\u2714The implying or suggesting of an additional meaning for a word or phrase apart<br>from the explicit meaning.<br>Culture \u2714\u2714is shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by patterns of behavior that define a<br>group. (Peregoy &amp; Boyle, 2001) It includes what people know and believe, what people do, and<br>what people make and use.<br>Surface Culture \u2714\u2714Part of culture that can be seen: Language, clothing, food, customs, and art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES English 7-12 231 Latest Update<br>with Certified Solutions<br>Epic \u2714\u2714A long poem reflecting the values of a society. Usually contains a protagonist, the lead<br>character, and an antagonist, a character who opposes or competes with the protagonist who may<br>possess supernatural powers.<br>Protagonist \u2714\u2714The lead character in literary work<br>Fable \u2714\u2714A tale in which animals take on human characteristics; usually written to provide a<br>moral lesson (didactic) or to illustrate man&#8217;s shortcomings.<br>Farce \u2714\u2714A light dramatic composition that uses highly improbable situations, stereotyped<br>characters, exaggerations, and violence. It is generally regarded as inferior to comedy because of<br>its crude characterizations.<br>Legend \u2714\u2714A story of traditional, enduring quality from earlier times.<br>Myth \u2714\u2714Related the deeds of extraordinary beings and speak to a common truth about life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alliteration \u2714\u2714The repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more words in a line of<br>writing; often used for poetic effect. Based on sound, not spelling.<br>Allusion \u2714\u2714Reference to a well-known person, place, object, event or literary work or work of<br>art. The use of allusion implies shared literary and cultural experiences between author and<br>reader.<br>Anachronism \u2714\u2714Placing an event, person or object out of its proper chronological place.<br>Analogy \u2714\u2714An inference that two dissimilar things share common traits.<br>Antagonist \u2714\u2714A character or force in conflict with the main (protagonist) character.<br>Antithesis \u2714\u2714A figure of speech in which a thought is balanced with a contrasting thought in<br>parallel arrangements of words and phrases.<br>Apostrophe \u2714\u2714When a character turns away from the audience and directly addresses an absent<br>person or a personified quality. Allows the character the opportunity to think aloud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aside \u2714\u2714Lines spoken directly to the audience by an actor<br>Assonance \u2714\u2714The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.<br>Catharsis \u2714\u2714The reader or audience feels compassion with the protagonist and experiences a<br>sense of relief when watching a protagonist overcome great odds.<br>Character \u2714\u2714A person in a story, poem or play. Even if the character is an animal or a god, the<br>character will have human characteristics.<br>Static character \u2714\u2714A character who does not change during the course of the story<br>Dynamic character \u2714\u2714A character that changes in some way during the story<br>Flat character \u2714\u2714A character who exhibit few personality traits in a literary work<br>Round character \u2714\u2714A complex character in a literary work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Climax \u2714\u2714The moment of the greatest emotional tension or suspense in a story or novel<br>Connotation \u2714\u2714A hidden meaning of a word usually determined by the context in which the<br>word is used. Words may be negative or positive.<br>Consonance \u2714\u2714An example of near rhyme &#8211; the repetition of terminal consonant sounds; often<br>used by poets to create rhyme.<br>Denouement \u2714\u2714A french term that literally &#8220;untying the knot&#8221; used to describe the moment of<br>climax resolution a story<br>Denotation \u2714\u2714The literal dictionary meaning(s) of a word<br>Eulogy \u2714\u2714A speech or writing to praise or honor someone, most commonly spoken at a funeral<br>Euphemism \u2714\u2714A device where a direct, unpleasant expression is replaced by an indirect,<br>pleasant phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TEXES Exam Music EC-12 Latest 2023<br>Rated A+<br>pitch \u2714\u2714the specific frequency or tuning of a tone &#8211; the highness or lowness of a sound<br>frequency \u2714\u2714a measurement of how fast air molecules are vibrating<br>solfeggio \u2714\u2714a method of naming musical tones using a set of symbols<br>ledger lines \u2714\u2714the lines you add above or below a staff<br>clef \u2714\u2714a graphical symbol placed at the beginning of a staff or piece of music that establishes<br>the pitch of a specific line or space on the staff<br>the grand staff \u2714\u2714links together the treble clef and the bass clef<br>interval \u2714\u2714the space between two pitches<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>enharmonic notes \u2714\u2714two notes that sound the same but can be spelled differently<br>accidental \u2714\u2714any modification to a natural note\u2026sharps and flats<br>root \u2714\u2714the lowest note of an interval, chord, or scale<br>major interval \u2714\u2714that natural state of an interval<br>minor interval \u2714\u2714when you flatten a note<br>perfect interval \u2714\u2714intervals that do not have separate major or minor states. fourths, fifths and<br>octaves &#8211; they sound closely related because their frequencies are closely related<br>augmented interval \u2714\u2714when you raise a perfect interval a half step<br>diminished interval \u2714\u2714when you lower a perfect interval a half step<br>harmonic interval \u2714\u2714when notes are performed at the same time<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>melodic interval \u2714\u2714when notes are played successively<br>simple interval \u2714\u2714interval smaller than an octave<br>compound interval \u2714\u2714interval larger than an octave<br>dissonant \u2714\u2714a sound that is displeasing to the ear<br>consonant \u2714\u2714a sound that is pleasing to the ear<br>major scale \u2714\u2714an arrangement of whole and half notes<br>parallel minor scale \u2714\u2714a scale that begins on the same note as it&#8217;s sister major scale but lowers<br>scale degree 3,6 and 7<br>harmonic minor scale \u2714\u2714a scale that lowers only 3 and 6 of it&#8217;s parallel major<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EC-6 Core Subjects, TExES Core<br>Subjects EC-6 (291) Latest 2023<br>Graded A+<br>phoneme \u2714\u2714in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit<br>morpheme \u2714\u2714in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a<br>word (such as a prefix)<br>ex: mega, metro, chromo, phobia, hydro<br>grapheme \u2714\u2714a letter that represents a phoneme.<br>onset-rime \u2714\u2714The onset is the part of the word before the vowel; not all words have onsets. The<br>rime is the part of the word including the vowel and what follows it.<br>French and Indian War \u2714\u2714(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the<br>French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>American Revolution \u2714\u2714This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence<br>in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the<br>people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.<br>13th Amendment \u2714\u2714freed slaves<br>14th Amendment \u2714\u2714made black people citizens<br>15th Amendment \u2714\u2714black males were allowed to vote<br>atom \u2714\u2714Basic unit of matter<br>Smallest particle of an element,<br>protons \u2714\u2714Positively charged particles<br>electrons \u2714\u2714Negatively charged particles<br>neutrons \u2714\u2714no charge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>the particles of the nucleus that have no charge<br>Second Continental Congress \u2714\u2714Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed the drastic<br>move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, the<br>Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the<br>Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the<br>petition.<br>democracy \u2714\u2714A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a<br>state, typically through elected representatives<br>monoarchy \u2714\u2714Ruled by a king or queen<br>theocracy \u2714\u2714A government ruled by or subject to religious authority.<br>oligarchy \u2714\u2714A government ruled by a few powerful people<br>semantics \u2714\u2714The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and<br>psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>syntax \u2714\u2714The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.<br>Language Aquisition \u2714\u2714The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and<br>comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.<br>Noam Chomsky \u2714\u2714Created concept of &#8220;universal grammar&#8221;; pointed out how children<br>&#8220;overgeneralize&#8221; language rules and the concepts of &#8220;deep v. surface&#8221; structures in language<br>imitation \u2714\u2714a copy that is represented as the original<br>phonology \u2714\u2714The study of the patterns and distributions of speech sounds in a language and the<br>tacit rules for their pronunciation.<br>morphology \u2714\u2714Structure of words<br>lexicon \u2714\u2714the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Special Ed 161 (2022\/2023)<br>(Already Passed)<br>Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 \u2714\u2714Expands older laws by extending protection to other<br>areas at receive federal assistance such as education<br>Three requirements of Section 504 \u2714\u2714Protected individuals must have: 1. Physical or mental<br>impairment that limits 1 or more major life activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>record of such an impairment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>regarded as having an impairment<br>PL94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act \u2714\u27141975&#8211;Education is to be provided<br>for all children who meet eligibility.All children are assumed capable of benefiting from<br>education which includes basic self help, vocational, and academics.<br>PL99-457 \u2714\u27141986-Beginning in 1991, special education programs were required for children 3<br>to 5 with a IFSP.<br>IFSP \u2714\u2714Individual Family Service Plan, replaces, or in addition to IEP with entire family&#8217;s<br>needs addressed and reviewed every 6 months.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>IDEA, PL101-476 principles \u2714\u27141990The principles of IDEA, incorporate the concept of<br>&#8220;normalization.&#8221; Within this concept, persons with disabilities were allowed access to everyday<br>patterns and conditions as close to possible or equal to non-disabled peers.<br>7 Fundamentals of IDEA \u2714\u27141. FAPE, 2. Notification and Procedural Rights for Parents 3.<br>Identification and Services for all children 4. Necessary Related services 5. Individualized<br>assessment 6. IEP 7. LRE<br>FAPE \u2714\u2714Special Education Services are to be provided at no cost to students and their parents.<br>The federal and state government will share in any additional costs. Also requires that education<br>be appropriate to the individual needs of the students.<br>Notification and Procedural Rights for Parents \u2714\u27141. Rights to examine records and obtain<br>independent evaluations 2. Right to receive notice that states results.<br>Due Process \u2714\u2714Parents who disagree with the school&#8217;s decision about placement or continuation<br>of special services. May be followed with a judicial hearing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES ELAR 7-12 Latest 2023 with<br>Verified Answers<br>Exposition \u2714\u2714portion of a story that introduces important background information to the<br>audience; for example, information about the setting, events occurring before the main plot,<br>characters&#8217; back stories, etc.<br>Hyperbole \u2714\u2714A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal<br>Greek meaning is &#8220;overshoot.&#8221;)<br>Irony\/ironic \u2714\u2714The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the<br>difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.<br>Metaphor \u2714\u2714A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the<br>substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Metaphorical language makes<br>writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful.<br>Mood \u2714\u2714The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can<br>affect this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Personification \u2714\u2714A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts,<br>animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. it is used to<br>make these abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader.<br>Symbol\/symbolism \u2714\u2714Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else.<br>Usually a symbol is something concrete &#8212; such as an object, action, character, or scene &#8211; that<br>represents something more abstract.<br>Theme \u2714\u2714The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.<br>Tone \u2714\u2714describes the author&#8217;s attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. it is easier to<br>determine in spoken language than in written language.<br>Foreshadowing \u2714\u2714A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come<br>later in the story.<br>Situational Irony \u2714\u2714when events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the<br>characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dramatic Irony \u2714\u2714when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction<br>but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work.<br>Verbal irony \u2714\u2714a statement in which the meaning that a speaker employs is sharply different<br>from the meaning that is ostensibly expressed.<br>setting \u2714\u2714the location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.<br>climax \u2714\u2714the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.<br>rising action \u2714\u2714a series of related incidents build toward the point of greatest interest.<br>external conflict \u2714\u2714A struggle between a character and an outside force<br>resolution \u2714\u2714the action of solving a problem, dispute, or contentious matter.<br>third person limited \u2714\u2714the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character. All<br>characters are described using pronouns such as &#8216;they&#8217;, &#8216;he&#8217;, and &#8216;she.&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>first person POV \u2714\u2714a point of view (who is telling a story) where the story is narrated by one<br>character at a time.<br>internal conflict \u2714\u2714psychological struggle within the mind of a literary or dramatic character<br>third person omnisient \u2714\u2714the narrator knows all the thoughts and feelings of all the characters<br>in the story.<br>allusion \u2714\u2714reference to, mention of, suggestion of, hint to, intimation of, comment on, remark<br>on<br>Allegory \u2714\u2714Allegory is a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor. Allegories are written<br>in the form of fables, parables, poems, stories, and almost any other style or genre. The main<br>purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, a setting, as well as other types of<br>symbols, which have both literal and figurative meanings.<br>Alliteration \u2714\u2714Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of two or<br>more words in close succession. For example: Cloudless climes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TEXES History 233 Latest Updated 2023<br>with Certified Solutions<br>Battle of Gonzales \u2714\u2714First battle of the Texas Revolution; 10-2-1835<br>Battle at San Jacinto \u2714\u2714Last battle of Texas Revolution, won by the Texans; 4-21-18368<br>Stephen F Austin \u2714\u2714Established the first Anglo-American colony in Texas; believed issues<br>could be solved within the Mexican Structure; Secretary of State of Texas<br>1830 Law \u2714\u2714Mexican official made it illegal for any more Americans to move into Texas<br>\u00c1lvar N\u00fa\u00f1ez Cabeza de Vaca \u2714\u2714After attempting to go back to Cuba, he would land in<br>Galveston, Texas and live in East Texas.<br>Jos\u00e9 De Escand\u00f3n \u2714\u2714First governor of Nuevo Santander and is known as the &#8220;Father of the Rio<br>Grande Valley&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laredo \u2714\u2714Founded by Tom\u00e1s Sanchez de la Barrera y Garza (with permission from Jos\u00e9 de<br>Escand\u00f3n) and was the largest\/most successful Spanish settlement<br>Francisco Hidalgo \u2714\u2714Was a missionary to the Caddo Indians; with his letters &amp; help from<br>Louis Juchereau de St. Denis established a permanent European occupation in Texas<br>Texas Rangers \u2714\u2714Hired by Stephen F Austin for an expedition against the Indians and would<br>later help during the Mexican War<br>Buffalo Soldiers \u2714\u2714Name given to the 4 regiments, especially the 2 calvaries of African<br>Americans, by the Plains Indians<br>Quanah Parker \u2714\u2714Last chief of the Quahada Comanche Indians<br>Sam Houston \u2714\u2714US Congressman and Tennessee governor; first president of Texas<br>Hawaii \u2714\u2714Was led by a Hereditary Monarch; Queen wanted no outside influence but her people<br>revolted and asked the US for help; became a state in 1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>World War I \u2714\u2714Sinking of Lusitania, German U-Boat aggression, Zimmerman Note<br>Sparta \u2714\u2714Oligarchic military state; strict; farmed<br>Athens \u2714\u2714Birth place of democracy<br>Governments of Greece \u2714\u2714Assembly (citizens who showed up); courts (lawsuits &amp; trials);<br>council (daily running of government)<br>Nile River \u2714\u2714In Egypt, life was centered around here; made a political system necessary<br>Black Death \u2714\u2714Killed 1\/3 of the population; ended feudalism; turned the people away from<br>God<br>Johannesburg Gutenberg \u2714\u2714Invented the printed press (1448)<br>Leonardo da Vinci \u2714\u2714Founder of the &#8220;Renaissance Style&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TEXES Social Studies 232 Latest 2023<br>Already Passed<br>Montesquieu \u2714\u2714Three branches of government with checks and balances<br>Voltaire \u2714\u2714Importance of freedom of speech, religion, press<br>Locke \u2714\u2714Two Treatises, people have natural rights and right to rebel<br>Full Employment \u2714\u2714Allows for up to 4% unemployment<br>Money Market Funds \u2714\u2714High rate of return, safe investment<br>Certificates of Deposit \u2714\u2714High rate of return, safe, have to invest for set period of time<br>Stocks \u2714\u2714Risky investment, but highest rate of return<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Muslim Achievements in Middle Ages \u2714\u2714Algebra, Circumference of Earth, Cataract Surgery,<br>Doctor exams<br>Inca Farming \u2714\u2714Terraces<br>Aztec Farming \u2714\u2714&#8221;Floating&#8221; gardens<br>Robert Fulton \u2714\u2714Invented the steamboat; Industrial Revolution<br>Second Industrial Revolution \u2714\u2714Came about due to steel &#8211; able to build skyscrapers<br>Ancient India Achievements \u2714\u2714Concept of zero and decimal system<br>Circular Flow Model of Economy \u2714\u2714Businesses pay households wages, rent, interest, and<br>dividends. Households provide businesses with the factors of production.<br>Keynes \u2714\u2714Government intervention needed in times of economic instability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx \u2714\u2714Father of communism. Said people will rise up against government<br>Adam Smith \u2714\u2714Father of capitalism. Stresses minimal government involvement in economy.<br>David Ricardo \u2714\u2714Capitalist; Law of Iron Wages &#8211; wages always decrease compared to prices<br>Traditional Economy \u2714\u2714Traditional practices such as farming, fishing, herding<br>Market Economy \u2714\u2714Supply and demand determines prices. AKA free enterprise\/capitalist<br>Command Economy \u2714\u2714Government control &#8211; communist<br>Mixed Economy \u2714\u2714Both market and command. Government imposes regulations, but allows<br>free enterprise<br>Monopolistic Competition \u2714\u2714A few companies make the same product, advertise differently<br>Oligopoly \u2714\u2714A few companies dominate market, control prices<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monoploly \u2714\u2714One company controls market<br>Pure Competition \u2714\u2714Goal of capitalism &#8211; infinite companies compete<br>Trade Deficit \u2714\u2714Total value of imports exceeds value of exports<br>Business Cycle \u2714\u2714Expansion, Crisis, Recession, Recovery<br>Expansion (cycle) \u2714\u2714GDP rises, unemployment shrinks, low interest rates<br>Crisis (cycle) \u2714\u2714Stock crash, bankrupcies<br>Recession (cycle) \u2714\u2714GDP drops, unemployment grows, high interest<br>Recovery (cycle) \u2714\u2714Interest rates drop (~5%)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Core Subjects 4-8 (211) Exam<br>Review (English Language Arts and<br>Reading Already Passed<br>Language acquisition \u2714\u2714the combination of innate ability, imitation of what is said and heard,<br>and multiple environmental influences<br>Language Acquisition Device (LAD) \u2714\u2714coined by Noam Chomsky, was the belief humans<br>possess an &#8220;internal grammar&#8221;<br>Imitation \u2714\u2714provides young learners with the opportunity to begin producing language by<br>observing and replicating their caregiver&#8217;s phrases and words<br>decreases in effectiveness as language learning becomes more complex<br>6 Components of Any Given Language \u2714\u2714phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon, semantics,<br>and pragmatics<br>Phonology \u2714\u2714study of the sound system of a language<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phonemes \u2714\u2714basic units of sound<br>Graphemes \u2714\u2714individual letters<br>Morphology \u2714\u2714study of the structure of words and word formations<br>Morphemes \u2714\u2714the smallest representation of meaning<br>Ex: &#8220;cars&#8221; is made up of two morphemes: the root word &#8220;car&#8221; and the plural morpheme &#8220;s&#8221;<br>Syntax \u2714\u2714the way words are organized and arranged in a language<br>Lexicon \u2714\u2714the vocabulary of a language<br>Semantics \u2714\u2714the way the meaning of a word is conveyed in a language through the use of its<br>vocabulary<br>connotation and denotation are used to convey meaning<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Connotation \u2714\u2714the implied meaning of words and ideas<br>Denotation \u2714\u2714the literal meaning of words and ideas<br>Pragmatics \u2714\u2714how context can affect the interpretation of communication<br>&#8220;common sense rules&#8221;<br>Intelligible \u2714\u2714the ability to be understood<br>Ebonics \u2714\u2714a language variation used by some African-American children<br>&#8220;slang&#8221;<br>Boston dialect \u2714\u2714a language variation where speakers drop the \/r\/ after a vowel<br>The Speaking Checklist \u2714\u27141. sticks to the topic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Special Ed 161 Practice<br>Questions with Certified Solutions<br>A new high school student is being assessed. He reads a 500 word text. He misreads 35 words.<br>At what level is he reading?<br>a. Instructional level.<br>b. Independent level.<br>c. Unsatisfactory level.<br>d. Merit level. \u2714\u2714A: Instructional level. In one minute, a student who reads with 95-100%<br>accuracy is at an independent reading level. A student who reads with 90-95% accuracy is at an<br>Instructional level. A student who reads with less than 90%accuracy is at a frustration level.<br>According to the Assistive Technology Act, assistive devices are:<br>a. Electronic devices that support learning such as computers, calculators, student responders,<br>electronic self-teaching books and electronic reading devices.<br>b. Any mechanical, electrical or electronic device that helps teachers streamline efficiency.<br>c. Any device that could help a disabled student in school or life functions.<br>d. Experimental, high-tech teaching tools that teachers can obtain by participating in one of 67<br>government funded research projects. \u2714\u2714C: Any device that could help a disabled student in<br>education or life functioning. The Assistive Technology Act of 1998 is the primary legislation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>regarding assistive technology for disabled students and adults. The act funds 56 state programs<br>concerned with the assistive technology needs of individuals with disabilities. Assistive devices<br>include wheelchairs, hearing aids, glare-reduction screens, Braille devices, voice-recognition<br>software, screen magnifiers and a wealth of other tools.<br>In the first week of school, a resource teacher asks her high school students to make lists of<br>things they know how to do well. How is this activity most useful to the teacher?<br>a. It establishes a feeling of success in her students from the start.<br>b. It is an informal assessment of their writing skills and gives the teacher an idea of each<br>student&#8217;s interests and abilities.<br>c. It is a formal assessment of prior knowledge.<br>d. It invites further discussion of each student&#8217;s unique contributions and will help the class bond<br>with mutual respect. \u2714\u2714B: It is an informal assessment of their writing and also gives the<br>teacher an idea of each student&#8217;s interests, abilities and skills. This assignment gives the teacher<br>an idea of her students&#8217; writing abilities at the beginning of the year. She can return to this piece<br>of writing during the school year to assess progress.<br>In the above example, how could the teacher use the students&#8217; lists in her lesson planning?<br>a. On the last day of school, she can return the lists and ask the students to add the new skills<br>they&#8217;ve learned, so they can see how far they&#8217;ve come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. She can have the students exchange lists so they can find other students who share the same<br>interests.<br>c. She can use the lists when planning independent reading and research projects for each<br>student.<br>d. All of the above. \u2714\u2714D: All of the above. The writing prompt is multipurpose. The teacher can<br>use it in a number of ways, including planning independent reading and research projects for<br>each student, inviting students to share their writing to find others with the same interests and as<br>a way of demonstrating to each student their academic growth at the end of the school year.<br>A seventh grader with mild intellectual disabilities is having considerable trouble with algebra.<br>His stepfather is trying to help, but the more he drills the boy, the less he seems to understand.<br>The teacher suggests:<br>a. He continues drilling and enhances with pop quizzes. It may take the student longer to<br>understand algebraic terms, expressions and equations, but with hard work he will eventually<br>learn them.<br>b. He calls a moratorium on at-home algebra work. The student is becoming less willing to work<br>at school and the teacher is concerned he is losing confidence due to failure at home.<br>c. He continues drilling but breaks the study sessions into no more than 3 five-minute periods per<br>day.<br>d. He substitutes fun activities for math drills. Incorporating algebra blocks, math games, and<br>applications of algebra to real-life situations will make math more fun and more relevant. \u2714\u2714D:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He substitutes more enjoyable algebra activities for math drills. Incorporating manipulatives such<br>as algebra blocks, math games and applications of algebra to real-life situations, will make math<br>both more fun and more relevant. When both parent and child are enjoying the work, they will<br>accomplish morein a shorter period of time and the child will feel happy and successful, which<br>encourages her to embrace further learning opportunities.<br>Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, forearm crutches and a head<br>pointer are assistive devices that might be used by a student with:<br>a. Severe intellectual disabilities.<br>b. Cerebral palsy.<br>c. Tourette syndrome.<br>d. Minor skeletal birth defects. \u2714\u2714B: Cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term that<br>groups neurological childhood disorders that affect muscular control. It does not worsen over<br>time and the cause is located in damaged areas of the brain that control muscle movement.<br>Depending upon the severity of the disorder, a child with cerebral palsy might benefit from an<br>AAC device to help in speaking, forearm crutches to assist in walking or a head pointer for a<br>child whose best motor control is his head.<br>A four year old child has difficulty sorting plastic cubes, circles and triangles by color and shape,<br>doesn&#8217;t recognize patterns or groups and doesn&#8217;t understand the relationship between little\/big,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES 4-8 Social Studies Practice Test<br>(2022\/2023) Graded A+<br>Anthropologists \u2714\u2714The social scientist most likely to study the role of kinship relationships<br>within a cultural group.<br>The economy of colonial New England focused on manufacture and trade mainly because?<br>\u2714\u2714Soil and climate conditions in New England were not conducive to year-round farming<br>-The development of more accurate navigation instruments<br>-The introduction of new foods and other goods to Europe<br>The Discovery of new lands where people might see k a better life \u2714\u2714Reasons for the Age of<br>Exploration<br>What country does not share a border with Israel? \u2714\u2714Saudi Arabia<br>Which Country includes about 20 percent of the worlds land surface but only 12 percent of its<br>population? \u2714\u2714Africa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which president greatly expanded the power of the presidency? \u2714\u2714Lyndon Johnson<br>The physical geography of a region most directly affects? \u2714\u2714The dietary preferences of the<br>native population<br>Most of the region known as Mesopotamia is located in the present-day nation of? \u2714\u2714Iraq<br>A nation that is not a member of NAFTA is? \u2714\u2714Brazil<br>One reason for Jefferson&#8217;s opposition to the Bank of the United States was? \u2714\u2714He was a strict<br>constructionist<br>What was the effect of the Platt Amendment? \u2714\u2714The establishment of the U.S. naval base at<br>Guantanamo bay<br>The idea that the purpose of the American colonies was to provide Great Britain with raw<br>materials and a market for its goods is an expression of? \u2714\u2714Mercantilism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES History 7-12 (233) Questions and<br>Answers 100% Pass<br>Mandate of Heaven \u2714\u2714In ancient China, this provided divine sanction for an emperor&#8217;s right to<br>rule. Establishing a code of conduct for emperors. Those who behaved immorally or exercised<br>their power in a tyrannical manner lost their right to rule and could be removed through<br>revolution.<br>(competency 001)<br>The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo \u2714\u2714Document that officially ended the Mexican-American<br>War (1846-1848) in 1848, establishing the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas.<br>(competency 017)<br>Republican Ideology \u2714\u2714American revolutionaries believed that government should be based on<br>the consent of the governed.<br>(competency 009)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elizabeth Cady Stanton \u2714\u2714From the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 until her death in 1902,<br>this woman was at the forefront of every major initiative to expand the civic and legal rights of<br>women. She wrote the Declaration of Sentiments.<br>(competency 012)<br>The Punic Wars \u2714\u2714Fought between the Roman Republic and Carthage from 264-146 B.C. A<br>total of three wars but best known for the Second and ultimate third. During the Second,<br>Hannibal crossed the Alps and invaded Italy from the north before being forced back to North<br>Africa. During the third and final war, Rome destroyed the city of Carthage itself. Resulting in<br>Rome gaining uncontested hegemony over the western Mediterranean.<br>(competency 001)<br>The Inca Empire \u2714\u2714During the early 15th and 16th centuries, this South American civilization<br>was best known for its far-reaching and elaborate system of paved roads. Originally developed to<br>assist soldiers in moving through this empire&#8217;s mountainous terrain, these roads became pivotal<br>for commercial function as well as developing a cohesive political and cultural aspects across its<br>vast territories and and ethnic groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(competency 007)<br>mit&#8217;a \u2714\u2714Labor obligations imposed by Inca rulers on their subjects to maintain its system of<br>paved roads.<br>(competency 007)<br>quipu \u2714\u2714Method of long-distance communication used by the Inca. They did not have a fully<br>developed written language, so a system of knots in string in cotton was used by messengers to<br>communicate between individuals.<br>(competency 007)<br>Mesopotamia \u2714\u2714This ancient civilization had little to no natural barriers protecting it from<br>neighboring invaders, therefore they experienced frequent invasions that often resulted in the<br>conquest or collapse of existing states.<br>(competency 005)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Islam \u2714\u2714During the period circa 1300-1500 A.D. this religious belief was widely spread<br>primarily by trade throughout Southeast Asia.<br>(competency 005)<br>Silver \u2714\u2714Ming Emporer Yongle initiated a policy of currency reform to phase out paper money<br>due to inflation.<br>The increased demand for this substance increased in Ming China in the mid-1400s. The<br>predominant importer was Japan until the mid-16th century when the newly opened Spanish<br>mines in Potosi and Zacatecas discovered vast deposits and began shipping it across the Pacific.<br>This ultimately had a profound effect on the world economy, as it increased Europe&#8217;s overall<br>long-distance trade and greatly stimulated the consumption of luxury items.<br>(competency 007)<br>Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty \u2714\u2714Established a practice of issuing paper money and copper coins as<br>the primary means of exchange in China prior to the mid-1400s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Business and Finance (276) Prep<br>Manual &amp; Extras Latest 2023 Already<br>Passed<br>Income Statement \u2714\u2714Produced once a month to ensure expense review and control<br>Income Statement&#8217; \u2714\u2714Allows a company to determine how much money is coming in and how<br>it&#8217;s being spent<br>Promissory Note \u2714\u2714Indicates a loan and debt financing to raise capital<br>Convertible Securities \u2714\u2714Used to raise capital by way of equity financing<br>Convertible Securities&#8217; \u2714\u2714Stock or bond, that can be converted to another type of security<br>Convertible&#8217; Securities \u2714\u2714Another type of bond or stock<br>Direct Stock Offerings \u2714\u2714Used to raise capital by equity financing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Initial Public Offering (IPO) \u2714\u2714Raises capital through equity financing<br>Withdrawal of money from account via ATM \u2714\u2714Amt is deducted from the customer&#8217;s account<br>balance<br>Customer&#8217;s access privilege \u2714\u2714Occurs after the server connection has been established and the<br>verification that the customer holds an account has occurred<br>Establishing the server connection \u2714\u2714First step that must occur for a process to begin<br>Verification that a customer holds an account \u2714\u2714This must occur before a withdrawal can occur<br>Creditworthiness \u2714\u2714The key determinant of how likely it is that the loan will be repaid<br>Lending company examines \u2714\u2714Current cash flow, not past liabilities<br>Expenses associated with employee risk management \u2714\u2714Unrelated to any of the characteristics<br>that a lending company will be reviewing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entrance of a competitor to the market \u2714\u2714Unrelated to the characteristics that a lending<br>company will be reviewing<br>Doctrine of Insurable Interest \u2714\u2714A person will suffer financial or other kinds of loss when they<br>lose or damage a particular property<br>Doctrine of Contribution \u2714\u2714A defendant who has paid more than his\/her share of the award has<br>a claim against other jointly liable parties for the excess payment<br>Doctrine of Subrogation \u2714\u2714The ability of one person to take the place of another in regard to a<br>lawful claim\/ demand or right against a third party<br>Doctrine of Indemnification \u2714\u2714The ability to financially restore a property as it was prior to the<br>incident<br>Perpetual Inventory System \u2714\u2714Records actual costs affiliated with inventory using a physical<br>count<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Periodic Inventory System \u2714\u2714Inventory does not become part of the count of goods to be sold<br>Temporary Inventory System \u2714\u2714Does not account for inventory errors<br>Just-in-time Inventory System \u2714\u2714Inventory goods are not on hand until needed<br>Prepaid Insurance&#8217; \u2714\u2714Paid in advance and hold value<br>Prepaid&#8217; Insurance \u2714\u2714A refund could be requested for the unused portion<br>&#8216;Prepaid Insurance \u2714\u2714Is expensed only as it is used<br>Liability \u2714\u2714An obligation that is due and is unrelated to the sale of a product or service<br>Equity \u2714\u2714Ownership in stock or other securities<br>Salvage Value \u2714\u2714Used as a component of the depreciation calculation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Technology Education 6-12 (171)<br>(2022\/2023) Rated A+<br>Define basic information technology concepts and essential applications. \u2714\u2714There are six basic<br>concepts important to understanding IT. These concepts should be introduced to students<br>beginning in the first grade and continuing through hs years.<br>Binary \u2714\u2714brief representations of long strings of numbers used in computations<br>ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) \u2714\u2714letters and punctuation signs<br>combined with strings of binary numbers<br>Hierarchy \u2714\u2714the order to understanding and using information technology; this concept is<br>sometimes referred to as &#8220;nesting quality&#8221;<br>World Wide Web \u2714\u2714the www is a communication tool that links information via bursts of<br>binary data<br>Stored Program \u2714\u2714a CPU (central processing unit) stores multiple sets of instructions and<br>determines the next step in a process<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Routing \u2714\u2714sequences of binary numbers move through a connected network<br>The three essential applicable benefits of the basic concepts of IT are: \u2714\u2714Word and number<br>processing, searching the internet, greater efficiency<br>Word and Number Processing \u2714\u2714formatting of documents and spreadsheets<br>Searching the Internet \u2714\u2714using the ASCII encoding system to find information<br>Greater Efficiency in IT \u2714\u2714increased speed in finding, comparing, and transmitting data<br>Graphic Design \u2714\u2714both the process of visual communication and the product created; uses<br>typography, visual arts, page layout to tell a story<br>Typography \u2714\u2714the features of an object<br>Visual Arts \u2714\u2714paintings, sculptures, drawing, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TEXES 164 Questions and Answers<br>100% Pass<br>An emphasis on using individual syllables \u2714\u2714A primary difference between English literacy<br>skill development and Spanish literacy skill development is that Spanish literacy involves<br>Culture maintanance \u2714\u2714To maintain the culture identity of ELL\u00b4s it is important to read english<br>version stories, folk-tales, and other narratives from student\u00b4s home cultures to valitate and<br>affirm those cultures.<br>Canadian Language inmmersion programs \u2714\u2714Designed for both English speakers and English<br>language learners (e.g. French Students).<br>Additive Bilingual Programs \u2714\u2714The main goal is reinforce and continue the cognitive growth in<br>L1 to enhance student learning and as well reinforce development in L2.<br>Instruction in Language arts and content area \u2714\u2714Should be instructed in L1 and L2 at least 6<br>consecutive years to improve ELL\u00b4s chances of achieving academic parity with NSL\u00b4s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reciprocal Teaching \u2714\u2714It is an instructional activity where students and teacher engage in a<br>dialogue about the class content<br>Summarizing Reciprocal \u2714\u2714teaching strategies where students present the main content in their<br>own words.<br>Clarifiying \u2714\u2714Reciprocal teaching strategy where students identify specific parts of a text to<br>create comprehensive problems related to vocabulary, expressions, and concepts. For seeking<br>support, questioning and using reference materials to be sure of understanding the content.<br>Predicting \u2714\u2714Reciprocal teaching strategy to predict the content based on prior knowledge and<br>knowledge they have accumulated on the lesson. Then students read or participate in an activity<br>to verify if their prediction is accurate and to lik new knowledge with the prior knowledge.<br>Concurrent Approach \u2714\u2714Both languages are used for instruction. It is required special skills<br>from the teacher to dominate the instruction and strong knowledge of the curriculum. *It is is<br>strange used to delive content in modern dual language programs or BE.<br>Language \u2714\u2714Language is a system composed by sub- systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Language sub-systems \u2714\u2714Phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon, semantics, discourse, and<br>pragmatics.<br>Semantics literal meaning \u2714\u2714Denotation<br>Semantics implied meaning \u2714\u2714Conotation<br>Phonolgy \u2714\u2714Study of the sound system in language<br>Phoneme \u2714\u2714Basic unit of the sound that distinguish one word from another. In English there are<br>44 phonemes.<br>Graphemes \u2714\u2714Printed letter symbol used to represent a speech sound (phoneme). In English<br>there are 26 graphemes (letters).<br>English \u2714\u2714Grapheme-phoneme is inconsistent because it has many consonant digraphs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Digraphs \u2714\u2714Two or more otters representing one sound. E.g. Gh &#8211; ghost, kn- know, rh &#8211; rhythm,<br>sc &#8211; scene<br>Spanish \u2714\u2714Grapheme-phoneme correspondence is very consistent. It has 26 graphemes to<br>represent 25 or 27 phonemes.<br>Morphology \u2714\u2714The study of the structure of words or word formation.<br>Morpheme \u2714\u2714The smallest meaningful unit of language (cat there phonemes c\/a\/t).<br>Derivational morpheme \u2714\u2714Can (but may not) change the syntactic classification by using<br>affixes (from adjective to an adverb).<br>Affix \u2714\u2714An structural element added to the beginning or ending of a word in order to alter the<br>meaning, pronunciation, or function. (e.g. Suffixes and prefixes).<br>Inflectional morphemes \u2714\u2714Do not change the syntactic classification and typically follows<br>derivational morphemes. They go always at the end of a word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Life Science 7-12 Certification<br>Exam (2022\/2023) with Certified<br>Solutions<br>Quantitative observations \u2714\u2714Observations that can be measured<br>Number, length, mass, volume, etc<br>Qualitative observations \u2714\u2714Observations that cannot be measured<br>Color, shape, texture, etc<br>Hypothesis \u2714\u2714A testable proposition that scientists can use as the basis for an investigation<br>If it cannot be tested scientifically, then it is not a hypothesis<br>Propose an explaination of observed natural phenomenon<br>Mathematical biology \u2714\u2714Rooted in multifaceted mathematical models inspired by complex<br>biological processes<br>Theoretical biology \u2714\u2714Develops and uses data from the mathematical models to develop<br>theoretical assessments of biological processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is the first law of thermodynamics state? \u2714\u2714That energy cannot be created nor destroyed,<br>it can only be transferred<br>How are scientific laws distinguished from facts? \u2714\u2714By their durability (or ability to stay<br>constant over time)<br>Facts are the observations themselves, they are never considered final proof<br>Scientific laws are a generalized description of natural phenomena over time based on multiple<br>observations<br>Cell theory \u2714\u2714States that all living things are made up of cells<br>Cells can only come from other cells<br>Robert Hooke used a microscope to identify, describe, and name cells<br>Germ theory \u2714\u2714Microorganisms, &#8220;germs&#8221;, were found everywhere and contributed to both food<br>spoilage and disease<br>Work of Louis Pasteur<br>Confirmed the cell theory that cells only come from other cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the driving forces of evolution? \u2714\u2714Descent with modification and natural selection<br>Work of Charles Darwin<br>Structure of genetic material: \u2714\u2714Hershey and Chase &#8211; initially confirmed that DNA comprises<br>the genetic material of cells<br>Watson and Crick &#8211; revealed that the structure of DNA is a double helix (based off the work of<br>Franklin)<br>Carl Linnaeus \u2714\u2714Developed the hierarchal system<br>Grouped species into seven levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species)<br>Carl Woese \u2714\u2714Modified Linnaeus&#8217; hierarchal system<br>Redrew the taxonomic tree, added &#8220;domain&#8221; to the top of the classification system<br>Precision \u2714\u2714Refers to how close repeated values are to one another<br>(On a target, all the holes are right next to each other)<br>Accuracy \u2714\u2714Refers to how close a measured value is to the true value<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(On a target, all of the holes are within the same ring)<br>What are the seven SI units? \u2714\u2714Meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole<br>What are significant figures? \u2714\u2714The non zero numbers, the zeros between them, and the final<br>zero<br>Linear scale \u2714\u2714Shows equal values using equal divisions<br>Waves or mechanical motion<br>Logarithmic scale \u2714\u2714Nonlinear , units are written in powers of 10<br>Richter scale, entropy, and the decibel unit used to measure sound<br>Crucibles \u2714\u2714When heating things at very high temperatures, this is the best thing to use because<br>they are resistant to the high temperatures<br>What composes the nucleus of an atom? \u2714\u2714Protons &#8211; positively charged<br>Neutrons &#8211; neutrally charged<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Speech 7-12 (129) TEA<br>Preparation for Test Questions and<br>Answers 100% Pass<br>Connie is attending a lecture by a well-known speaker. However, Connie is having trouble<br>focusing on the lecture because she keeps thinking about an exam for which she must study.<br>From the perspective of communication theory, which of the following best describes what<br>Connie is experiencing? \u2714\u2714Noise<br>Bill has accepted an engagement to speak at a local service organization. He searches the local<br>newspaper&#8217;s archives for articles about the organization in order to better understand its beliefs<br>and goals. Bill is engaging in which of the following? \u2714\u2714Audience Analysis<br>Carlos is listening to Sally explain why she is upset about an exam she has just taken. Carlos<br>wants to provide emotional support for Sally. In which of the following is Carlos engaged?<br>\u2714\u2714Empathic listening<br>Which of the following is an effective nonverbal communication technique that a group leader<br>can use to indicate a desire to share authority within the group? \u2714\u2714Sitting in a circle with the<br>group<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Henry believes that foul language is used only by people who have little or no education. He is<br>surprised that a classmate in his graduate class, Marla, Often uses profanity in casual speech.<br>Henry&#8217;s interpretation of Marla is influenced by Henry&#8217;s \u2714\u2714World view<br>A political candidate is speaking to an organization that represents a specific group within the<br>society. The candidate does not know that a certain phrase has been used by the majority<br>population in a derogatory manner about the group. In the speech the candidate uses the phrase<br>without realizing its offensive nature. In which of the following areas has the candidate failed to<br>be thorough? \u2714\u2714Audience Analysis<br>Which of the following aspects of credibility is most directly related to a speaker&#8217;s expertise in<br>the subject matter of a speech? \u2714\u2714Competence<br>A student who is searching Internet sources while preparing a speech chooses to use only blogs<br>that support the student&#8217;s predetermined view of the topic. This approach fails to provide which<br>of the following in the student&#8217;s research? \u2714\u2714Objectivity<br>A student is giving a speech on the Jurassic period and uses a real fossilized bone to illustrate<br>some traits of the dinosaurs that lived at the time. The student is using which of the following<br>types of sources? \u2714\u2714Primary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Passing the PPR TExES Exam for EC-12<br>Teachers Latest 2023 Rated A+<br>The teacher TExES PPR is divided<br>into four standards.<br>Standard I<br>The teacher designs instruction appropriate for all students that reflects an understanding of<br>relevant content and is based on continuous and appropriate assessment.<br>Standard II<br>The teacher creates a classroom environment of respect and rapport that fosters a positive climate<br>for learning, equity, and excellence.<br>Standard III<br>The teacher promotes student learning by providing responsive instruction that makes use of<br>effective communication techniques; instructional strategies that actively engage students in the<br>learning process; and timely, high-quality feedback.<br>Standard IV<br>The teacher fulfills professional roles and responsibilities and adheres to legal and ethical<br>requirements of the profession.<br>A strategy to use while taking the PPR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes the test will give you excellent answer choices that are true and do make sense\u2026but<br>they do not answer the question at hand. So,\u2026\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Underline important words in the decision-set prompt and the questions themselves to keep<br>you focused on exactly what is being asked.<br>Competency 001<br>The teacher understands human developmental processes and applies this knowledge to plan<br>instruction and ongoing assessment that motivate students and are responsive to their<br>developmental characteristics and needs.<br>An EC-6 teacher recognizes factors<br>affecting physical growth and health of students in EC-6 grade;<br>Examples: nutrition, sleep, prenatal exposure to drugs, and abuse.<br>And knows that students&#8217; physical growth and health related to childhood and adolescence<br>impact their development in other domains such as; cognitive, social, and emotional.<br>An EC-6 teacher recognizes challenges<br>for students during later childhood and early adolescence;<br>Examples: self-image, physical appearance, eating disorders, and feelings of rebelliousness.<br>And recognizes effective ways to help students address these challenges.<br>An EC-6 teacher understands<br>that student involvement in risky behavior such as use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, gang<br>involvement, and misuse of technology, impacts development and learning.<br>Competency 002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The teacher understands student diversity and knows how to plan learning experiences and<br>design assessments that are responsive to differences among students and that promote all<br>students&#8217; learning.<br>Competency 003<br>The teacher understands procedures for designing effective and coherent instruction and<br>assessment based on appropriate learning goals and objectives.<br>During a face-to-face conference about a student, which of the following strategies best ensures<br>open communication between the teacher and parents?<br>A. Beginning with a discussion of the student&#8217;s behavioral weaknesses<br>B. Minimizing opportunities for parental suggestions on classroom management<br>C. Limiting the use of education-specific terminology<br>D. Maintaining a demeanor that emphasizes authority<br>Option (C) is correct because a teacher who uses education-specific terms can make it difficult<br>for parents to completely understand the situation or possible solutions. By replacing education<br>terminology with easier-to-understand language, the teacher can help establish an effective<br>discussion.<br>Middle school students are working in cooperative learning groups on a project. While<br>monitoring the classroom, the teacher notices that some students are not actively working on the<br>project. Which of the following techniques should the teacher implement first to address the<br>issue?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Having students complete the remainder of the project independently<br>B. Reassigning group members based on the teacher&#8217;s observations<br>C. Asking students to view their project from a different perspective<br>D. Reviewing assigned roles for the project with members of each group<br>Option (D) is correct because speaking with individual group members will encourage student<br>involvement. In cooperative learning, each student is assigned a particular responsibility prior to<br>beginning group work, and all members are responsible for the final product. A reminder of the<br>assigned role should be the first step a teacher takes in engaging students in the activity.<br>Which of the following approaches would most effectively support kindergarten students&#8217; social<br>development when they participate in learning centers?<br>A. Balancing the students&#8217; time between quiet learning and the activity of centers<br>B. Keeping the same groups of students together as they rotate through the learning centers<br>C. Assessing students&#8217; strengths and weaknesses in the skills that the centers emphasize<br>D. Creating opportunities for interaction among students during learning center activities<br>Option (D) is correct because creating opportunities for interaction among students during center<br>time supports social development by encouraging students to work together.<br>A high school English-language arts teacher wants to ensure that students successfully complete<br>a content-specific essay. Which of the following actions by the teacher will best help students<br>understand the teacher&#8217;s expectations for the assignment&#8217;s format?<br>A. Supplying students with more information about the topic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Practice Test for TExES Health Science<br>(273) Latest 2023 Graded A+<br>How does Medicaid differ from Medicare \u2714\u2714medicaid is federally and state-funded<br>What are the two leading causes of death in the US \u2714\u2714heart disease and cancer<br>The greatest benefit of adopting an electronic medical record system is \u2714\u2714accessibility of<br>information<br>The migration of educated healthcare providers from rural areas to urban areas or from<br>developing countries to developed countries is \u2714\u2714brain drain<br>The WHO focuses on? \u2714\u2714economics, disease prevention, and proverty<br>What is universal health care \u2714\u2714a specific type of health care where everyone is provided health<br>coverage regardless of their income, race, age, re-existing conditions, gender or wealth<br>Under which health care model would you never receive a doctors bill? \u2714\u2714the beveridge model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why are demographic factors an important consideration when discussing health issues<br>\u2714\u2714knowledge of these factors can help doctors find the cause or stimulus for certain diseases<br>How could the newly elected gov&#8217;t of a low-income country work to achieve a higher life<br>expectancy for its citizens? \u2714\u2714begin a program for reducing the contaminants in the drinking<br>water<br>Deductible \u2714\u2714an amount of money you must pay for health care services covered under your<br>plan before the insurance company begins to pay for these services<br>-ex) if deductible is at 1500, then your insurance company doesn&#8217;t pay anything for you until you<br>pay the first 1500<br>Coinsurance \u2714\u2714% share of the costs of a covered health care service that you are responsible for<br>-ex) 1000 procedure, 20% coninsurance, out of pocket costs will be $200 which is 20% of 1000<br>(the rest 80% of the bill will be paid to your doctor by your health insurance company)<br>KUB stand for \u2714\u2714kidneys, ureters, bladder<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>the disease commonly called lupus is abbreviated as \u2714\u2714LE<br>what is the abbreviation for intramuscular \u2714\u2714IM<br>what does the abbreviation gtt mean? \u2714\u2714drops<br>what is the abbreviation for extended release? \u2714\u2714XL<br>what is the abbreviation for without? \u2714\u2714s<br>what does UA stand for? \u2714\u2714urinalysis<br>what is the abbreviation for write on label? \u2714\u2714Sig<br>what does ROS stand for \u2714\u2714review of systems<br>what abbreviation is used when there is not enough of a specimen for a lab test? \u2714\u2714QNS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TExES Core Subjects 4-8 Practice Exam<br>Already Graded A<br>Photographs, illustrations, and diagrams in books are meant to represent real things. You, as the<br>teacher, can try to take the 2-D, or flat image and imagine it to be 3-D, like it is in real life. You<br>can make it more real by adding in details from other senses such as smell, touch, and so on.<br>Which of the following would NOT be considered a good prompt when working with your<br>students as they look at images in a text?<br>A. What&#8217;s first? Why?<br>B. Read the caption. Now look at the picture. Describe what you see.<br>C. Make it seem more real. Say what you see<br>D. What do you imagine beyond the flat picture? \u2714\u2714A. What&#8217;s first? Why?<br>Simply by adding columns to a chart, you can dramatically increase the amount and variety of<br>information it contains. Be sure your students are ready for more complex charts, however. Start<br>simple. For example, you can leave the last two columns blank in chart. Incomplete charts are<br>excellent ways of <strong><em><strong><em>______________________<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>.<br>A. using science material<br>B. setting purposes for reading<br>C. using print sources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D. limiting discussions \u2714\u2714B. setting purposes for reading<br>How can students best learn the words said, one, and water?<br>A. Decoding<br>B. Segmenting<br>C. Frequent exposure<br>D. Word families \u2714\u2714C. Frequent exposure<br>In designing reinforcement activities for newly introduced terms, teachers can easily incorporate<br>some of the terms previously studied. The interconnectedness of content &#8211;<br><strong><em><strong><em>___________________<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> &#8211; facilitates this practice.<br>A. used by judicial and executive branches<br>B. rote drills without the tedium<br>C. the fact that new information and ideas build on an existing knowledge base<br>D. past organizers in the feature analysis \u2714\u2714C. the fact that new information and ideas build on<br>an existing knowledge base<br>Many kinds of charts are possible, as long as it has rows and columns. You needn&#8217;t be concerned<br>about whether you are a using a particular type of chart. The only important consideration is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>whether the chart makes sense to your students &#8211; whether it helps them think through the content<br>of a reading selection. Which of the following is the simplest of charts?<br>A. Multiple-column charts<br>B. Two-column charts<br>C.Tables<br>D. T-chart \u2714\u2714D. T-chart<br>Mrs. Pratt writes the following sentence on the board: During the avalanche, a<br>___________________rolled downhill and came to rest in the middle of the highway. (bolder,<br>boulder) She then asks them to fill in the blank with the correct word.<br>_______________________________are words that sound the same but have different spellings<br>and different meanings.<br>A. Antonyms<br>B. Homophones<br>C. Synonyms<br>D. Analogies \u2714\u2714B. Homophones<br>As we read, it is vital that relevant schemata be activated, or &#8220;switched on&#8221; to that new<br>information can be integrated with existing knowledge. You, as a teacher, know as your students<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>begin to read, their focus is limited to certain elements in the message according to their<br><strong><em><strong><em>___________________<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>.<br>A. spelling capabilities<br>B. role of intentions<br>C. purposes for reading<br>D. printed language use \u2714\u2714C. purposes for reading<br>Students read aloud together as a group. This is called<br>A. Guided reading<br>B. Directed reading<br>C. Independent reading<br>D. Choral reading \u2714\u2714D. Choral reading<br>Inferential questions require students to use explicit facts in order to reach unstated, or implicit,<br>conclusions. Teachers should encourage students to draw on prior knowledge in this process as<br>well. All of the following are included in inferential questions except:<br>A. The student &#8220;reads between the lines&#8221;<br>B. The student extracts explicit facts, expressly stated<br>C. Reason is used to infer implicit facts, implied but not stated<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (291)Questions and Answers Graded A+phonemic awareness development \u2714\u2714Awareness of sounds in a languageAwareness of rhymesAwareness that sentences can be broken down into words, syllables, and soundsAbility to talk about, reflect upon, and manipulate soundsUnderstanding the relationship between written and spoken languageRhyming, segmenting sentences into words, blending syllables into words, delete\/substitutesyllables\/sounds from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117065"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117065\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}