{"id":117644,"date":"2023-08-29T16:10:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T16:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=117644"},"modified":"2023-08-29T16:10:32","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T16:10:32","slug":"nurs-5315-tests-bundle-set","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/29\/nurs-5315-tests-bundle-set\/","title":{"rendered":"NURS 5315 Tests Bundle Set"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 questions with correct
answers
Atrophy – Answer E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Hypertrophy – Answer E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Hyperplasia – Answer E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r\/t hormones
Dysplasia – Answer E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N\/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia – Answer E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N\/A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r\/t cigarette smoke
Hypoxia injury – Answer E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS – Answer E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer’s, heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol – Answer E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional
status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible
Oncosis – Answer Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in
weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia,
certain infections
Fatty Infiltration – Answer intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to
cirrhosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 questions with
correct answers
Atrophy – Answer E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional; imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation.
Essentially there is an increase in the catabolism of intracellular organelles,
reducing structural components of cell
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy d\/ decrease workload, pressure, use, blood
supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation)
Hyperplasia – Answer E: cells increase in number, mitosis (cell division) must
occur, size of cell does not change
Phys: increased rate of division, increase in tissue mass after damage or partial
resection; may be compensatory, hormonal, or pathologic
Patho: abnormal proliferation of normal cells usually caused by increased
hormonal stimulation (endometrial). increase of production of local growth factors
Ex: removal of part of the liver lead to hyperplasia of hepatocytes. uterine or
mammary gland enlargement during pregnancy
Dysplasia – Answer E. Not true adaptation; Cells abnormal change in size, shape,
organization (classified as mild, moderate, severe)
P. caused by cell injury\/irritation, characterized by disordered cell growth. aka
atypical hyperplasia or pre-cancer, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N\/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV shows up on pap smear,
breast cancer development; pap smears often show dysplastic cells of the cervix
that must undergo laser\/surgical tx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metaplasia – Answer E: reversible change, one type of cell changes to another
type for survival
P: reversible; results from exposure of the cells to chronic stressors, injury, or
irritation; Cancer can arise from this area, stimulus induces a reprogramming of
stem cells under the influence of cytokines and growth factors
Ex: Patho: Columnar cells change to squamous cells in lungs of smoker or normal
ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial linings are replaced by stratified squamous
epithelial cells.; Phys: Barrett Esophagus- normal squamous cells change to
columnar epithelial cells in response to reflux, aka intestinal metaplasia
Hypoxia injury – Answer E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS – Answer E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will
overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer’s, heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol – Answer E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional
status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4,
inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure
irreversible<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oncosis – Answer Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in
weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia,
certain infections
Fatty Infiltration – Answer intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to
cirrhosis
dystrophic calcification – Answer accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function
r\/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
metastatic calcification – Answer accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
result of hypercalcemia r\/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of
Vit D. Can also r\/t hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
urate accumulation – Answer sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues- group
of disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic gouty arthritis, tophus,
nephritis
Coagulative Necrosis – Answer kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia
Liquefactive Necrosis – Answer nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pus
Caseous Necrosis – Answer lung disease- usually TB- tissue looks like clumped
cheese
Fat Necrosis – Answer breast, pancreas, abdominal structures- creates soaps<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gangrenous Necrosis – Answer Dry- dark shriveled skin
Wet- internal organs- can lead to death
Gas- from clostridium- antitoxins and hyperbaric therapy
Gout – Answer E. disturbances in serum urate levels. uncommon for < 30 years
old.
P. uric acid is deposited in the tissues of kidney, heart, earlobes, and joints.
C.M. inflammation, painful joints. result of diuretic use or diet high in cream
sauces, red wine, or red meat
Rhabdomyolysis – Answer E. cell hypoxia caused by severe muscle trauma,
hyperthermia, crush injuries, or severe dehydration
P. hypoxia to cell causes failure of the Na-K pump, causing accumulation of
intracellular sodium, oncosis, and eventual cell death. Cell death releases enzymes
such as CK, uric acid, LDH, AST, etc.
C.M. Causes: trauma, hyperthermia, crush injuries, severe dehydration; s\/s: CK is
5x upper normal limit, muscle pain, weakness, dark, reddish-brown urine,
hypercalcemia, renal failure
Alpha Fetoprotein Origin – Answer Liver and germ cell tumors
Carcinoembryonic Antigen – Answer GI, pancreas, lung, breast tumors
Prostate Specific Antigen – Answer prostate tumors
Carcino- – Answer from epithelial tissue- renal cell carcinoma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 questions with
correct answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) – Answer can use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99%
accurate
4th generation immunoassay- “gold standard”
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell – Answer Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine – Answer Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines – Answer Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory
or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines – Answer Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins – Answer Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemotactic factors – Answer Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils – Answer Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes – Answer Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible
for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell
immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function – Answer Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function – Answer Stimulates production of acute phase reactants
and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function – Answer Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function – Answer Promotes production and maturation of
neutrophils
Complement – Answer Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin – Answer Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coagulation cascade – Answer Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form
fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 – Answer Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid\/electrolyte balance
COX2 – Answer Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications – Answer Protect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r\/t cardiac events except for Celebrex.
Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose – Answer Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS – Answer Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA – Answer Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids – Answer Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane – Answer Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin – Answer Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UTA NURS 5315 Test 1 questions with correct
answers
byproduct of aerobic metabolism – Answer carbon dioxide (CO2)
what enzyme converts CO2 to Carbonic acid H2CO3 – Answer carbonic
anhydrase
is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism of glucose – Answer lactic
acid
end product of oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids – Answer sulfuric acid
end product of metabolism of phosphoproteins and ribonucleotides which are used
as an energy source – Answer phosphoric acid
_<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> binds with 40% of calcium – Answer albumin
charge of albumin – Answer negative
what happens with albumin and calcium in acidotic states – Answer There is an
increased amount of H ions which causes albumin to bind to more H ions and less
calcium ions causing calcium ions to become displaced leading to a higher level of
free calcium
what happens with albumin and calcium in alkalotic states – Answer There is a
decreased amount of H ions causing a insufficient amount of H ions to bind with
albumin. This causes albumin to bind with more calcium (due to H depletion) and
causes a decreased amount of free calcium<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the extracellular fluid volume is expanded it _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> the reabsorption
of HCO3 in the _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em> – Answer inhibits; proximal tubule
A deficit in ECF volume results in a ___<\/em><\/strong><\/em> in the reabsorption of HCO3 –
Answer increase
What hormone does ECF volume deficit stimulate – Answer RAAS
How does RAAS affect bicarb – Answer Angiotension II stimulates the Na-H
exchanger in the proximal tubule –> increases HCO3 reabsorption
Angiotension II stimulates the Na-H exchanger in the proximal tubule –> increases
HCO3 reabsorption –> what does this cause? – Answer metabolic alkalosis
(contraction alkalosis) secondary to volume depletion- can occur with use of
loop\/thiazide diuretics
Where does the renal excretion of hydrogen occur? – Answer distal tubule and
collecting ducts
What 2 active transport system are used to secrete H – Answer H-ATPase and HK-ATPase
How do the 2 transport systems move H to be excreted – Answer move H into the
lumen and move potassium from the lumen into the cells
once H is in the lumen what does it bind with? – Answer monohydrogen
phosphate (HPO4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

what does mono hydrogen phosphate produce – Answer H2PO4 –> dihydrogen
phosphate
once H2P04 is created what can happen with it? – Answer it can be excreted
what happens to the cell cycle when cancer develops? – Answer cell life cycle is
unregulated and the cells grow and proliferate. cancer cellular division is
unregulated and malignant cells can invade local or distant tissues
Are cancer cells specialized? – Answer No, only normal cells are specialized
Are cancer tumors encapsulated? – Answer No, only benign tumors are
encapsulated.
-oma – Answer benign tumor
Loss of cellular differentiation – Answer anaplasia
tumors involving epithelial tissues – Answer -carcinoma
glandular epithelial tissue – Answer -adeno
preinvasive carcinoma – Answer carcinoma in situ
tumors of connective tissue – Answer -sarcoma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UTA Nurs 5315 Mod 6 questions with correct
answers
Minute Ventilation is a – Answer Measure of how effective
ventilation is
RR x volume of air per breath
Alveolar ventilation an only be assessed by measuring a _<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em> – Answer
PaCO2
The<\/strong> and the _<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> are located in the medulla and are
responsible for controlling breathing patterns – Answer Dorsal respiratory group
(DRG)
Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located that monitor ? – Answer aorta
and carotid arteries
pH and PaO2 levels
What is compliance used to describe? – Answer how easily the lungs and chest
wall can be stretched
compliance means that the lungs and chest wall are difficult to inflate –
Answer decreased
Compliance __<\/em><\/strong> with COPD – Answer increases<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are 4 things in which you would see decreased compliance? – Answer –
acute respiratory distress syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\n