{"id":117707,"date":"2023-09-01T01:19:50","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T01:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=117707"},"modified":"2023-09-01T01:19:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T01:19:52","slug":"ati-pathophysiology-questions-and-answers-with-explanations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/01\/ati-pathophysiology-questions-and-answers-with-explanations\/","title":{"rendered":"ATI Pathophysiology, Questions and Answers with Explanations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
    \n
  1. The percentage of the FVC expired in one second is:
    a. FEV1\/FVC ratio<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. The aging process causes what normal physiological changes in the heart?
    a. The heart valve thickens and becomes rigid, secondary to fibrosis and sclerosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. A 55yo Caucasian male follows up after referral to cardiologist. He thinks his med is causing a
    cough and sometimes he has difficulty breathing. Which med was most likely prescribed?
    a. Lisinopril<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. JM is a 68yo man who presents for a physical. He has T2DM x5yrs, smokes 1\/2 PPD, BMI is 30. No
    other previous medical dx, no current complaints. According to the AHA\/ACC guidelines, JM is
    stage A HF. Treatment goals for him include:
    a. Heart healthy lifestyle<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. MJ presents with h\/o structural damage with current s\/s of HF. Treatment will be based on his stage
    of HF, which is:
    a. Stage C<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. 65yo Caucasian female presents with mitral valve stenosis, physical exam unremarkable. You know
    her stage of HF is:
    a. B<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. DG, 65yo man, presents for eval of CP and L-sided shoulder pain, beginning after strenuous activity,
    including walking. Pain is dull, aching, 8\/10 during activity, otherwise 0\/10. Began few mo ago,
    intermittent, aggravated by exercise, relieved by rest. Occasional nausea. Pain is retrosternal,
    radiating to L shoulder, affects QOL by limiting activity. Pain is worse today, did not go away after
    stopped walking. BP 120\/80, HR 72 and regular. Normal heart sounds, no murmur, S1, S2. Which
    differential dx would be most likely?
    a. Coronary artery dz w\/angina pectoris<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. The best way to dx structural heart dz\/dysfunction non-invasively is:
    a. Echocardiogram<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Chronic pain can have major impact on pt’s ability to function and have profound impact on overall
    QOL. Ongoing pain may be linked to:
    a. Depression, sleep disturbance, decreased socialization<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. The Beers criteria are appropriate for use in evaluating use of certain meds in pts:
    a. >65yo<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Pt presents with c\/o increasing SOB, cough w\/occasional white sputum, fatigue. As part of the plan
    you order labs. You know the likelihood of HF is low if the BNP is:
    a. <100<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. All of the following statements are true about lab values in older adults except:
    a. Normal ranges may not be applicable to older adults
    b. Abnormal findings are often due to physiological aging<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    c. Reference ranges are preferable
    d. References values are not necessarily acceptable values
    a. B<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. According to the 2017 ACC HTN guidelines, the recommended BP goal for a 65yo African American
      woman w\/a h\/o HTN and DM and no h\/o CKD is:
      a. <140\/80<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. The pathophysiology of HF is due to:
      a. Inadequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic and O2 demands of the body<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. A 60yo woman w\/30 pack yr hx, presents for eval of persistent, daily cough w\/increased sputum,
      worse in the AM, occurring over past 3 months. She tells you, “I have the same thing year after year.”
      Which of the following choices would you consider strongly in your critical thinking process?
      a. Chronic bronchitis<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. JM is a 68yo man who presents for a physical. He has T2DM x5yrs, diet controlled. His BMI is 32.
      He has HTN, smoker (10 cigs\/day x20yrs). He denies other medical problems. Fam hx includes CAD,
      CABG x4 for dad, now deceased; CHF, T2DM, HTN for mom. He is asymptomatic today, exam is
      normal, EKG NSR. According to AHA\/ACC guidelines, JM is at risk for what stage of HF?
      a. Stage A
      The volume of air a pt is able to exhale for total duration of the test during maximal effort is:
      b. FVC<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. According to the 2017 ACC HTN guidelines, normal BP is:
      a. <120\/80<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. Functional abilities are best assessed by:
      a. Observed assessment of function<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. LB is a 77yo pt w\/chronic poorly controlled HTN. You know that goals include prevention of target
      organ damage. During your eval you will assess for evidence of:
      a. L ventricular hypertrophy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. Aortic regurgitation requires medical treatment for early signs of HF with:
      a. ACEi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    9. The volume of air in the lungs at max inflation is:
      a. TLC (total lung capacity)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    10. Preferred amount of exercise for older adults is:
      a. 30min\/day of aerobic activity 5 days\/wk<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    11. The total volume of air a pt is able to exhale in the first second during max effort is:
      a. FEV1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    12. You know the following statements regarding the pain of acute coronary syndrome are true except:
      a. Present atypically more often in men than women<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Elderly pt presents w\/new onset of feeling heart race, fatigue. EKG reveals afib w\/rate >100. Pt also
        has a new tremor in both hands. Which of the following would you suspect?
        a. Hyperthyroidism<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. 62yo female c\/o fatigue, lack of energy. Constipation increased, pt gained 10lbs in past 3mo.
        Depression is denied although pt reports lack of interest in usual hobbies. VS are WNL, skin is
        dry\/cool. Which of the following must be included in the DD?
        a. Hypothyroidism<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Mrs. Black, 87yo, has been taking 100mcg Synthroid x10yrs. She comes for routine follow-up,
        feeling well. HR is 90. Your first response is to:
        a. Order TSH<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Which pt is most likely to have osteoporosis?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. 80yo underweight male who smokes and has been on steroids for psoriasis<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. When evaluating the expected outcome for hypothyroid elderly pt on levothyroxine, you will:
        a. Assess TSH in 4-6wks<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      7. Postmenopausal woman w\/osteoporosis is taking bisphosphonate daily PO. What action info
        statement would indicate she understood your instructions regarding this med?
        a. Take med w\/full glass of water when up in the AM 30min before other food and meds<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      8. Primary reason levothyroxine sodium is initiated at low dose in elderly pt w\/hypothyroidism is to
        prevent which of the following untoward effects?
        a. Angina and arrhythmia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      9. 6mo ago an elderly pt was dx’d w\/subclinical hypothyroidism. Today the pt returns and has TSH of
        11 and c\/o fatigue. He has taken Synthroid 25mcg daily as prescribed. What is the best course of
        action?
        a. Double the dose<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      10. A fluoroquinolone (Cipro) is prescribed for a male pt w\/a UTI. What should you teach him regarding
        this med?
        a. Its effectiveness is decreased by antacids, iron, or caffeine<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      11. Pt has been rx’d metformin (Glucophage). One wk later, he returns w\/lowered BGL but c\/o loose
        stools during the week. How should you respond?
        a. Reassure him that this is an anticipated SE<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      12. Which of the following s\/s of hyperthyroidism commonly manifest in younger populations, but is
        notably lacking in elderly?
        a. Exopthalmos<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      13. 60yo obese male has T2DM and lipid panel of TC = 250, HDL = 32, LDL = 165. You teach him
        about his modifiable cardiac risk factors, which include:
        a. DM, obesity, hyperlipidemia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      14. Diabetic pt presents w\/R foot pain but denies any recent known injury. He states it has gotten
        progressively worse over past few months. On exam, vibratory sense, as well as sensation tested<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        c. Reference ranges are preferabled. References values are not necessarily acceptable valuesa. B<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117707\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}