{"id":118260,"date":"2023-09-03T05:28:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T05:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=118260"},"modified":"2023-09-03T05:28:09","modified_gmt":"2023-09-03T05:28:09","slug":"bates-guide-to-physical-examination-and-history-taking-12e-test-bank","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/03\/bates-guide-to-physical-examination-and-history-taking-12e-test-bank\/","title":{"rendered":"Bates\u2019 Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking 12e test bank"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bates\u2019 Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition
Chapter 1: Foundations for Clinical Proficiency
Multiple Choice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. For which of the following patients would a comprehensive health history be appropriate?
    A) A new patient with the chief complaint of \u201cI sprained my ankle\u201d
    B) An established patient with the chief complaint of \u201cI have an upper respiratory infection\u201d
    C) A new patient with the chief complaint of \u201cI am here to establish care\u201d
    D) A new patient with the chief complaint of \u201cI cut my hand\u201d
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 01
    Page and Header: 4, Patient Assessment: Comprehensive or Focused
    Feedback: This patient is here to establish care, and because she is new to you, a
    comprehensive health is appropriate<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. The components of the health history include all of the following except which one?
    A) Review of systems
    B) Thorax and lungs
    C) Present illness
    D) Personal and social items
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: The thorax and lungs are part of the physical examination, not part of the health
    history. The others answers are all part of a complete health history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Is the following information subjective or objective?
    Mr. M. has shortness of breath that has persisted for the past 10 days; it is worse with activity
    and relieved by rest.
    1
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com
    A) Subjective
    B) Objective
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: This is information given by the patient about the circumstances of his chief
    complaint. It does not represent an objective observation by the examiner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Is the following information subjective or objective?
    Mr. M. has a respiratory rate of 32 and a pulse rate of 120.
    A) Subjective
    B) Objective
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: This is a measurement obtained by the examiner, so it is considered objective data.
    The patient is unlikely to be able to give this information to the examiner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. The following information is recorded in the health history: \u201cThe patient has had abdominal
    pain for 1 week. The pain lasts for 30 minutes at a time; it comes and goes. The severity is 7 to 9
    on a scale of 1 to 10. It is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. It is located in the
    mid-epigastric area.\u201d
    Which of these categories does it belong to?
    A) Chief complaint
    B) Present illness
    C) Personal and social history
    D) Review of systems
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: This information describes the problem of abdominal pain, which is the present
    illness. The interviewer has obtained the location, timing, severity, and associated manifestations
    of the pain. The interviewer will still need to obtain information concerning the quality of the
    pain, the setting in which it occurred, and the factors that aggravate and alleviate the pain. You
    will notice that it does include portions of the pertinent review of systems, but because it relates
    directly to the complaint, it is included in the history of present illness.
    2
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. The following information is recorded in the health history: \u201cThe patient completed 8th
    grade. He currently lives with his wife and two children. He works on old cars on the weekend.
    He works in a glass factory during the week.\u201d
    Which category does it belong to?
    A) Chief complaint
    B) Present illness
    C) Personal and social history
    D) Review of systems
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: Personal and social history information includes educational level, family of origin,
    current household status, personal interests, employment, religious beliefs, military history, and
    lifestyle (including diet and exercise habits; use of alcohol, tobacco, and\/or drugs; and sexual
    preferences and history). All of this information is documented in this example.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. The following information is recorded in the health history: \u201cI feel really tired.\u201d
    Which category does it belong to?
    A) Chief complaint
    B) Present illness
    C) Personal and social history
    D) Review of systems
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: The chief complaint is an attempt to quote the patient’s own words, as long as they
    are suitable to print. It is brief, like a headline, and further details should be sought in the present
    illness section. The above information is a chief complaint.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. The following information is recorded in the health history: \u201cPatient denies chest pain,
    palpitations, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.\u201d
    Which category does it belong to?
    A) Chief complaint
    B) Present illness
    C) Personal and social history
    3
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com
    D) Review of systems
    Ans: D
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: Review of systems documents the presence or absence of common symptoms
    related to each major body system. The absence of cardiac symptoms is listed in the above
    example.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. The following information is best placed in which category?
    \u201cThe patient has had three cesarean sections.\u201d
    A) Adult illnesses
    B) Surgeries
    C) Obstetrics\/gynecology
    D) Psychiatric
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: A cesarean section is a surgical procedure. Approximate dates or the age of the
    patient at the time of the surgery should also be recorded.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. The following information is best placed in which category?
    \u201cThe patient had a stent placed in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 1999.\u201d
    A) Adult illnesses
    B) Surgeries
    C) Obstetrics\/gynecology
    D) Psychiatric
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: The adult illnesses category is reserved for chronic illnesses, significant
    hospitalizations, significant injuries, and significant procedures. A stent is a major procedure but
    does not involve a surgeon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. The following information is best placed in which category?
    4
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    \u201cThe patient was treated for an asthma exacerbation in the hospital last year; the patient has
    never been intubated.\u201d
    A) Adult illnesses
    B) Surgeries
    C) Obstetrics\/gynecology
    D) Psychiatric
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 01
    Feedback: This is information about a significant hospitalization and should be placed in the
    adult illnesses section. If the patient is being seen for an asthma exacerbation, you may
    consider placing this information in the present illness section, because it relates to the chief
    complaint at that visit.
    5
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com
    Bates\u2019 Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition
    Chapter 2: Evaluating Clinical Evidence
    Multiple Choice<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. A patient presents for evaluation of a sharp, aching chest pain which increases with
    breathing. Which anatomic area would you localize the symptom to?
    A) Musculoskeletal
    B) Reproductive
    C) Urinary
    D) Endocrine
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: Chest pain may be due to a musculoskeletal condition, such as costochondritis or
    intercostal muscle cramp. This would be worsened by motion of the chest wall. Pleuritic
    chest pain is also a sharp chest pain which increases with a deep breath. This type of pain can
    occur with inflammation of the pleura from pneumonia or other conditions and pulmonary
    embolus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. A patient comes to the emergency room for evaluation of shortness of breath. To which
    anatomic region would you assign the symptom?
    A) Reproductive
    B) Urinary
    C) Cardiac
    D) Hematologic
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: Cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure are the most likely on this list to
    result in shortness of breath. There are cases within the other categories which may also result
    in shortness of breath, such as anemia in the hematologic category, pregnancy in the reproductive
    category, or sepsis with UTI in the urinary category. This demonstrates the \u201ctension\u201d in clinical
    6
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    reasoning between making sure all possibilities are covered, while still being able to pick the
    most likely cause.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. A patient presents for evaluation of a cough. Which of the following anatomic regions can
    be responsible for a cough?
    A) Ophthalmologic
    B) Auditory
    C) Cardiac
    D) Endocrine
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: The cardiac system can cause a cough if the patient has congestive heart failure.
    This results in fluid buildup in the lungs, which in turn can cause a cough that produces pink,
    frothy sputum. A foreign body in the ear may also cause a cough by stimulating Arnold’s
    branch of the vagus nerve, but this is less likely to be seen clinically than heart failure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. A 22-year-old advertising copywriter presents for evaluation of joint pain. The pain is new,
    located in the wrists and fingers bilaterally, with some subjective fever. The patient denies a
    rash; she also denies recent travel or camping activities. She has a family history significant for
    rheumatoid arthritis. Based on this information, which of the following pathologic processes
    would be the most correct?
    A) Infectious
    B) Inflammatory
    C) Hematologic
    D) Traumatic
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: The description is most consistent with an inflammatory process, although all the
    other etiologies should be considered. Lyme disease is an infection which commonly causes
    arthritis, hemophilia is a hematologic condition which can cause bleeding in the joints, and
    trauma can obviously cause joint pain. Your clinical reasoning skills are important for sorting
    through all of the data to arrive at the most likely conclusion.
    7
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. A 47-year-old contractor presents for evaluation of neck pain, which has been intermittent
    for several years. He normally takes over-the-counter medications to ease the pain, but this time
    they haven’t worked as well and he still has discomfort. He recently wallpapered the entire
    second floor in his house, which caused him great discomfort. The pain resolved with rest. He
    denies fever, chills, rash, upper respiratory symptoms, trauma, or injury to the neck. Based on
    this description, what is the most likely pathologic process?
    A) Infectious
    B) Neoplastic
    C) Degenerative
    D) Traumatic
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: The description is most consistent with degenerative arthritis in the neck. The
    patient has had intermittent symptoms and the questions asked to elicit pertinent negative and
    positive findings are negative for infectious, traumatic, or neoplastic disease.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. A 15-year-old high school sophomore comes to the clinic for evaluation of a 3-week history
    of sneezing; itchy, watery eyes; clear nasal discharge; ear pain; and nonproductive cough. Which
    is the most likely pathologic process
    A) Infection
    B) Inflammation
    C) Allergic
    D) Vascular
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: This description is most consistent with allergic rhinitis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. A 19-year old-college student presents to the emergency room with fever, headache, and
    neck pain\/stiffness. She is concerned about the possibility of meningococcal meningitis.
    Several of her dorm mates have been vaccinated, but she hasn’t been. Which of the following
    physical examination descriptions is most consistent with meningitis?
    A) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with sharp discs, neck supple with full range
    of motion
    B) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with sharp discs, neck with paraspinous
    muscle spasm and limited range of motion to the right
    C) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with blurred disc margins, neck tender to
    8
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    palpation, unable to perform range of motion
    D) Head is normocephalic and atraumatic, fundi with blurred disc margins, neck supple with
    full range of motion
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: Blurred disc margins are consistent with papilledema, and neck tenderness and lack
    of range of motion are consistent with neck stiffness, which in this scenario is likely to be caused
    by meningeal inflammation. Later, you will learn about Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs, which
    are helpful in testing for meningeal irritation on examination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. A 37-year-old nurse comes for evaluation of colicky right upper quadrant abdominal pain.
    The pain is associated with nausea and vomiting and occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating greasy
    foods. Which one of the following physical examination descriptions would be most consistent
    with the diagnosis of cholecystitis?
    A) Abdomen is soft, nontender, and nondistended, without hepatosplenomegaly or masses.
    B) Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in the right lower quadrant, without rebound or
    guarding.
    C) Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in the right upper quadrant with inspiration, to the
    point of stopping inspiration, and t here is no rebound or guarding.
    D) Abdomen is soft and tender to palpation in the mid-epigastric area, without rebound or
    guarding.
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: In cholecystitis, the pain, which originates from the gallbladder, is located in the
    right upper quadrant. Severity of pain with inspiration that is sufficient to stop further inhalation
    is also known as Murphy’s sign, which, if present, is further indicative of inflammation of the
    gallbladder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. A 55-year-old data entry operator comes to the clinic to establish care. She has the following
    symptoms: headache, neck pain, sinus congestion, sore throat, ringing in ears, sharp brief chest
    pains at rest, burning abdominal pain with spicy foods, constipation, urinary frequency that is
    worse with coughing and sneezing, and swelling in legs. This cluster of symptoms is explained
    by:
    A) One disease process
    B) More than one disease process
    9
    This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: The patient appears to have several possible conditions: allergic rhinitis, arthritis,
    conductive hearing loss, pleuritic chest pains, heartburn, stress urinary incontinence, and venous
    stasis, among other conditions. Although we always try, it is very difficult to assign all of these
    symptoms to one cohesive diagnosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. A 62-year-old teacher presents to the clinic for evaluation of the following symptoms:
    fever, headache, sinus congestion, sore throat, green nasal discharge, and cough. This cluster of
    symptoms is best explained by:
    A) One disease process
    B) More than one disease process
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: This cluster of symptoms is most consistent with sinusitis. The chance that all of
    these symptoms are caused by multiple synchronous conditions in the same patient is much less
    than the possibility of having one problem which accounts for all of them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Steve has just seen a 5-year-old girl who wheezes when exposed to cats. The patient’s
    family history is positive for asthma. You think the child most likely has asthma. What have
    you just accomplished?
    A) You have tested your hypothesis.
    B) You have developed a plan.
    C) You have established a working diagnosis.
    D) You have created a hypothesis.
    Ans: D
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: As you go through a history and examination, you will start to generate ideas to
    explain the patient’s symptoms. It is best to keep an open mind and make as many hypotheses
    as you can, to avoid missing a possibility. A common mistake is to latch onto one idea too
    early. Once you have committed your mind to a diagnosis, it is difficult to change to another.
    To think about looking for wheezes on examination would be an example of testing your new
    hypothesis. Starting a patient on an inhaled medicine would be a plan. It is too early to
    commit to a working diagnosis, given the amount of information you have gathered.
    10 This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. Ms. Washington is a 67-year-old who had a heart attack last month. Now she complains
    of shortness of breath and not being able to sleep in a flat position (orthopnea). On examination
    you note increased jugular venous pressure, an S3 gallop, crackles low in the lung fields, and
    swollen ankles (edema). This is an example of a:
    A) Pathophysiologic problem
    B) Psychopathologic problem
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: This is an example of a pathophysiologic problem because Ms. Washington’s
    symptoms are consistent with a pathophysiologic process. The heart attack reduced the ability
    of her heart to handle her volume status and subsequently produced the many features of
    congestive heart failure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. On the way to see your next patient, you glance at the calendar and make a mental note to
    buy a Mother’s Day card. Your patient is Ms. Hernandez, a 76-year-old widow who lost her
    husband in May, two years ago. She comes in today with a headaches, abdominal pain, and
    general malaise. This happened once before, about a year ago, according to your detailed office
    notes. You have done a thorough evaluation but are unable to arrive at a consistent picture to tie
    these symptoms together. This is an example of a:
    A) Pathophysiologic problem
    B) Psychopathologic problem
    Ans: B
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: It is not uncommon for patients to experience psychopathologic symptoms around
    the anniversary of a traumatic event. The time of year and the lack of an obvious connection
    between Ms. Hernandez’s symptoms would make you consider this as a possibility. You will
    note that although this might have been an early consideration in your hypothesis generation, it is
    key to convince yourself that there is not a physiologic explanation for these symptoms, by
    performing a careful history and examination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. Mr. Larson is a 42-year-old widowed father of two children, ages 4 and 11. He works in a
    sales office to support his family. Recently he has injured his back and you are thinking he
    would benefit from physical therapy, three times a week, for an hour per session. What would
    11 This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com
    be your next step?
    A) Write the physical therapy prescription.
    B) Have your office staff explain directions to the physical therapy center.
    C) Discuss the plan with Mr. Larson.
    D) Tell Mr. Larson that he will be going to physical therapy three times a week.
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: You should discuss your proposed plan with the patient before implementing it. In
    this case, you and Mr. Larson will need to weigh the benefit of physical therapy against the
    ability to provide for his family. You may need to consider other ways of helping the patient,
    perhaps through prescribed back exercises he can do at home. It is a common mistake to
    implement a plan without coming to an agreement with the patient first.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. You are seeing an elderly man with multiple complaints. He has chronic arthritis, pain
    from an old war injury, and headaches. Today he complains of these pains, as well as dull chest
    pain under his sternum. What would the order of priority be for your problem list?
    A) Arthritis, war injury pain, headaches, chest pain
    B) War injury pain, arthritis, headaches, chest pain
    C) Headaches, arthritis, war injury pain, chest pain
    D) Chest pain, headaches, arthritis, war injury pain
    Ans: D
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: The problem list should have the most active and serious problem first. This new
    complaint of chest pain is almost certainly a higher priority than his other, more chronic
    problems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. You are excited about a positive test finding you have just noticed on physical examination
    of your patient. You go on to do more examination, laboratory work, and diagnostic tests, only
    to find that there is no sign of the disease you thought would correlate with the finding. This
    same experience happens several times. What should you conclude?
    A) Consider not doing this test routinely.
    B) Use this test when you have a higher suspicion for a certain correlating condition.
    C) Continue using the test, perhaps doing less laboratory work and diagnostics.
    D) Omit this test from future examinations.
    Ans: C
    12 This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: This is an example of a sensitive physical finding that lacks specificity. This does
    not make this a useless test, because the purpose of a screening physical is to find disease. This
    finding made you consider the associated condition as one of your hypotheses, and this in itself
    has value. Other possibilities are that you may be doing the maneuver incorrectly or using it on
    the wrong population. It is important to ask for hands-on help from your instructor when you
    have a question about a maneuver. Make sure that your information about the maneuver
    comes from a reliable source as well. All of this information also applies to history questions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. You are growing fatigued of performing a maneuver on examination because you have
    never found a positive and are usually pressed for time. How should you next approach this
    maneuver?
    A) Use this test when you have a higher suspicion for a certain correlating condition.
    B) Omit this test from future examinations.
    C) Continue doing the test, but rely more heavily on laboratory work and diagnostics.
    D) Continue performing it on all future examinations.
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: This is an example of a specific test that lacks sensitivity. With this scenario,
    when you finally find a positive, you might be very certain that a given condition is present.
    We generally develop our examinations to fit our clinical experiences. Sensitive tests are
    performed routinely on the screening examination, while specific tests are usually saved for the
    detailed or \u201cbranched\u201d examinations. Branched examinations are further maneuvers we can
    perform to investigate positive findings on our screening examinations. Save this type of
    maneuver to confirm your hypothesis. All of this information also applies to history questions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29. You have recently returned from a medical missions trip to sub-Saharan Africa, where you
    learned a great deal about malaria. You decide to use some of the same questions and
    maneuvers in your \u201croutine\u201d when examining patients in the midwestern United States. You
    are disappointed to find that despite getting some positive answers and findings, on further
    workup, none of your patients has malaria except one, who recently emigrated from Ghana.
    How should you next approach these questions and maneuvers?
    A) Continue asking these questions in a more selective way.
    B) Stop asking these questions, because they are low yield.
    C) Question the validity of the questions.
    D) Ask these questions of all your patients.
    13 This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Downloaded from StudyLast.com
    Ans: A
    Chapter: 02
    Feedback: The predictive value of a positive finding depends upon the prevalence of a given
    disease in a population. The prevalence of malaria in the Midwest is almost zero, except in
    people immigrating from areas of high prevalence. You will waste time and resources applying
    these questions and maneuvers to all patients. It would be wise to continue applying what you
    learned to those who are from areas of high prevalence of a given disease. Likewise, physicians
    from Ghana should not ask about signs or symptoms of multiple sclerosis, as it is found almost
    exclusively in northern latitudes. You will learn to tailor your examination to the population you
    are serving.
    14 This file was downloaded from StudyLast.com. It is not allowed to publish it elsewhere. Only the buyer can use this file.
    Bates\u2019 Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition
    Chapter 3: Interviewing and the Health History
    Multiple Choice<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30. You are running late after your quarterly quality improvement meeting at the hospital and
    have just gotten paged from the nurses’ station because a family member of one of your patients
    wants to talk with you about that patient’s care. You have clinic this afternoon and are
    double-booked for the first appointment time; three other patients also have arrived and are
    sitting in the waiting room. Which of the following demeanors is a behavior consistent with
    skilled interviewing when you walk into the examination room to speak with your first clinic
    patient?
    A) Irritability
    B) Impatience
    C) Boredom
    D) Calm
    Ans: D
    Chapter: 03
    Feedback: The appearance of calmness and patience, even when time is limited, is the hallmark
    of a skilled interviewer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31. Suzanne, a 25 year old, comes to your clinic to establish care. You are the student preparing
    to go into the examination room to interview her. Which of the following is the most logical
    sequence for the patient\u2013provider interview?
    A) Establish the agenda, negotiate a plan, establish rapport, and invite the patient’s story.
    B) Invite the patient’s story, negotiate a plan, establish the agenda, and establish rapport.
    C) Greet the patient, establish rapport, invite the patient’s story, establish the agenda, expand
    and clarify the patient’s story, and negotiate a plan.
    D) Negotiate a plan, establish an agenda, invite the patient’s story, and establish rapport.
    Ans: C
    Chapter: 03
    15<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bates\u2019 Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th EditionChapter 1: Foundations for Clinical ProficiencyMultiple Choice<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118260"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118260\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}