What is the cause of Centriacinar emphysema? Location? – Correct
Answer – smoking (upper lobes); destruction of central portion of acini
“smoke rises to the UPPER LOBES”
What is the cause of pan acinar emphysema? Location – Correct Answer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Describe the pathway once the A1AT deficiency goes into effect – Correct
Answer – increased elastase activity-> loss of elastic fibers-> increase lung
compliance
What will a biopsy of the liver in A1AT deficiency emphysema reveal? –
Correct Answer – Note the pink, PAS-positive globules in hepatocytes
Where in the lung is pan acinar emphysema most severe? – Correct
Answer – lower lobe
Where in the lung is Centriacinar emphysema most sever? – Correct
Answer – upper lobes
What is the normal allele in A1AT deficiency? – Correct Answer – PiM; two
copies are usually expressed (PiMM)
What is the most common clinically relevant mutation in A1AT deficiency? –
Correct Answer – PiZ
What heterozygotes in A1AT deficiency are usually asymptomatic? What
greatly increases this individual’s risk for emphysema? – Correct Answer –
PiMZ; smoking
Which homozygotes are at significant risk for panacinar emphysema and
cirrhosis? – Correct Answer – PiZZ<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What are the clinical features of emphysema? – Correct Answer – –
dyspnea and cough with minimal sputum, hyperventilation, wheezing
-prolonged expiration with pursed lips (“pink puffer;” this increases airway
pressure and prevents airway collapse during respiration)
-weight loss
-Barrel-shaped chest<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stress
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is asthma? – Correct Answer – Type
I
Clinical diagnosis of asthma? – Correct Answer – supported by spirometry
& methacholine
What are the clinical features of asthma? – Correct Answer – cough
wheezing
tachypnea
SOB
hypoxemia
decreased inspiratory\/expiratory ratio
pulsus paradoxus (drop in SBP > 10 mmHg during inspiration)
What is a finding on CXR during asthma? – Correct Answer –
peribronchial cuffing
I say “Curschmann’s spirals,” you say\u2026? – Correct Answer – asthma
I say “Charcot-Leyden crystals in sputum,” you say\u2026? – Correct Answer –
note the numerous eosinophils also
asthma<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
What is the cause of Centriacinar emphysema? Location? – CorrectAnswer – smoking (upper lobes); destruction of central portion of acini“smoke rises to the UPPER LOBES”What is the cause of pan acinar emphysema? Location – Correct Answer Describe the pathway once the A1AT deficiency goes into effect – CorrectAnswer – increased elastase activity-> loss of elastic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118726\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}