{"id":118820,"date":"2023-09-05T23:42:58","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T23:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=118820"},"modified":"2023-09-05T23:43:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T23:43:00","slug":"ons-oncc-chemotherapy-immunotherapy-certificate-exam-latest-2023-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/05\/ons-oncc-chemotherapy-immunotherapy-certificate-exam-latest-2023-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"ONS\/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam Latest 2023-2024 Questions And Answers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Define mutations – ANSWER- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: – ANSWER- Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy – ANSWER- Treatment is given prior to surgery to
shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy – ANSWER- Additional cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning\/preparative therapy – ANSWER- Treatments used to prepare a
patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: – ANSWER- Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density – ANSWER- Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity – ANSWER- Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? – ANSWER- By comparing the
dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard
regimen
How do alkylating agents work? – ANSWER- By causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: – ANSWER- 1. Nitrogen mustards<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating
    agents as they work similarly)
    1 \/ 4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Nitrosoureas
    Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: – ANSWER- Nitrogen mustards
    Common alkylating agents: – ANSWER- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
    Ifosfamide (Ifex)
    Bendamustine (Treanda)
    Common platinum-based agents: – ANSWER- Cisplatin (Platinol)
    Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
    What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? – ANSWER- Able to cross the blood\u0002brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
    Common nitrosoureas agents: – ANSWER- Carmustine (BiCNU)
    Lomustine (CeeNu)
    Streptozocin (Zanosar)
    Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: – ANSWER- Carboplatin
    These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: – ANSWER- 1.
    Alkylating agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Nitrosoureas
    Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: – ANSWER- BUN
    Creatinine
    CBC w\/ diff
    What is the medication Mesna used for? – ANSWER- Bladder protectant with
    administration of cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
    Instruct pts receiving to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold
    fluids for 3-4 days following treatment – ANSWER- Oxaliplatin
    How do antimetabolites function? – ANSWER- By blocking DNA and RNA
    growth by interfering with enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism
    Antimetabolites work in the <\/strong>phase. – ANSWER- S 2 \/ 4 What types of cells are best affected by antimetabolites? – ANSWER- Cells with high division rates Common side effects of antimetabolites: – ANSWER- Myelosuppression GI toxicities Photosensitivity Hand-foot syndrome Common antimetabolite drugs: – ANSWER- Azacitidine Capecitabine 5-FU Cytarabine Decitabine Methotrexate The institute for Safe Medication Practices recommends what route of administration for vincristine? – ANSWER- IV piggyback via gravity Anthracycline antitumor abx work by: – ANSWER- Interfering with enzymes necessary for DNA to replicate in ALL phases of the cell cycle The two major classifications of antitumor antibiotics are: – ANSWER\u0002Anthracyclines Non-anthracyclines Common anthracycline antitumor abx: – ANSWER- Daunorubicin Doxorubicin Epirubicin Idarubicin The antitumor abx<\/em> is not an anthracycline, but has anthracycline\u0002type properties. – ANSWER- Mitoxantrone
    Common non-anthracycline antitumor abx: – ANSWER- Actinomycin D
    Mitomycin C
    Bleomycin
    Monitoring necessary with doxorubicin: – ANSWER- Vesicant –> extravasation
    Cardiac function
    Lifetime dose tracking (cardiotoxicity)
    3 \/ 4
    Lifetime dose of doxorubicin should not exceed: – ANSWER- 550 mg\/m^2
    What cardiac protectant medication can be administered prior to doxorubicin? –
    ANSWER- Dexrazoxane
    Significant side effects of doxorubicin are: – ANSWER- Cardiotoxicity
    N\/V
    Mucositis
    Diarrhea
    Severe myelosuppression
    Hepatic impairment
    Secondary cancers
    Monitoring necessary with bleomycin: – ANSWER- Pulmonary toxicity
    Hypersensitivity reactions (esp. in lymphoma patients)
    Cutaneous reactions
    Lifetime dose tracking (pulmonary toxicity)
    Pulmonary fibrosis is possible when the lifetime dose of bleomycin exceeds: –
    ANSWER- 400 units
    What 6 patient characteristics make CINV more likely? – ANSWER- 1. Younger
    than 50 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Hx of low alcohol intake<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Female gender<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Hx of morning sickness during pregnancy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Prone to motion sickness<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Previous chemotherapy
    Types of CINV: – ANSWER- Acute
    Delayed
    Breakthrough
    Anticipatory
    Refractory
    Define acute CINV – ANSWER- Occurring within 24 hours of chemotherapy
    Define delayed CINV – ANSWER- Occurring from 24 hours to 5 days after
    treatment<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Define mutations – ANSWER- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene3 main goals of treatment: – ANSWER- CureControlPalliationDefine neoadjuvant therapy – ANSWER- Treatment is given prior to surgery toshrink the tumorDefine adjuvant therapy – ANSWER- Additional cancer treatment given after theprimary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccurDefine conditioning\/preparative therapy – ANSWER- […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118820\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}