{"id":119401,"date":"2023-09-08T23:42:25","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T23:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=119401"},"modified":"2023-09-08T23:42:27","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T23:42:27","slug":"test-bank-mccance-and-huethers-pathophysiology-the-biologic-basis-for-disease-in-adults-and-children-9th-edition-rogers-2023-chapter-1-49-nclex-case-studies-with-answers-all-chapters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/08\/test-bank-mccance-and-huethers-pathophysiology-the-biologic-basis-for-disease-in-adults-and-children-9th-edition-rogers-2023-chapter-1-49-nclex-case-studies-with-answers-all-chapters\/","title":{"rendered":"Test Bank &#8211; McCance and Huethers Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>TEST BANK<br>McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for<br>Disease in Adults and Children Julia L. Rogers DNP RN CNS FNP-BC 9th Edition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Table of Contents<br>Chapter 01 Cellular Biology 1<br>Chapter 02 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology-Environmental Agents 14<br>Chapter 03 The Cellular Environment-Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases 27<br>Chapter 04 Genes and Genetic Diseases 40<br>Chapter 05 Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases 50<br>Chapter 06 Epigenetics and Disease 58<br>Chapter 07 Innate Immunity-Inflammation and Wound Healing 63<br>Chapter 08 Adaptive Immunity 77<br>Chapter 09 Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation 89<br>Chapter 10 Infection 102<br>Chapter 11 Stress and Disease 111<br>Chapter 12 Cancer Biology 118<br>Chapter 13 Cancer Epidemiology 130<br>Chapter 14 Cancer in Children 136<br>Chapter 15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System 141<br>Chapter 16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function 152<br>Chapter 17 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor<br>Function 165<br>Chapter 18 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the<br>Neuromuscular Junction 179<br>Chapter 19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and<br>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 190<br>Chapter 20 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children 197<br>Chapter 21 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation 204<br>Chapter 22 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation 213<br>Chapter 23 Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition 225<br>Chapter 24 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems 230<br>Chapter 25 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System 239<br>Chapter 26 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System 248<br>Chapter 27 Sexually Transmitted Infections 254<br>Chapter 28 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System 262<br>Chapter 29 Alterations of Hematologic Function 272<br>Chapter 30 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children 282<br>Chapter 31 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 292<br>Chapter 32 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function 304<br>Chapter 33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children 318<br>Chapter 34 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System 326<br>Chapter 35 Alterations of Pulmonary Function 336<br>Chapter 36 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children 352<br>Chapter 37 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems 360<br>Chapter 38 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function 370<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chapter 39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children 380<br>Chapter 40 Structure and Function of the Digestive System 388<br>Chapter 41 Alterations of Digestive Function 399<br>Chapter 42 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children 410<br>Chapter 43 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 419<br>Chapter 44 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function 431<br>Chapter 45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children 444<br>Chapter 46 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument 453<br>Chapter 47 Alterations of the Integument in Children 464<br>Chapter 48 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults 472<br>Chapter 49 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children 479<br>Next-Generation NCLEX Pathophysiology Case Study 487<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chapter 01: Cellular Biology<br>Rogers: McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition<br>MULTIPLE CHOICE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?<br>a. Cells can produce proteins.<br>b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.<br>c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.<br>d. Cells can synthesize fats.<br>ANS: C<br>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their<br>surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular<br>metabolic absorption.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Where is most of a cell\u2019s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?<br>a. Mitochondria<br>b. Ribosome<br>c. Nucleolus<br>d. Lysosome<br>ANS: C<br>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most<br>of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its<br>activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.<br>Ribosomes\u2019 chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes<br>function as the intracellular digestive system.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove<br>hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?<br>a. Lysosomes<br>b. Peroxisomes<br>c. Ribosomes<br>d. Endosome<br>ANS: B<br>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove<br>hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is<br>a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.<br>Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus<br>and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore<br>complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and<br>contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,<br>lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off<br>from the cellular membrane.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>1 | P a g e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell<br>injury?<br>a. Ribosome<br>b. Golgi complex<br>c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum<br>d. Lysosomes<br>ANS: D<br>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes<br>within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.<br>Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the<br>lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular<br>self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein<br>synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often<br>located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid<br>hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?<br>a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction<br>b. Secretion of cortisol<br>c. Increased retention of water<br>d. Breakdown of fat<br>ANS: C<br>Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes<br>increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.<br>Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?<br>a. G1<br>b. S<br>c. G2<br>d. M<br>ANS: B<br>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the<br>period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S<br>= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during<br>which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA<br>synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and<br>cytoplasmic division.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>2 | P a g e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"7\">\n<li>What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as<br>receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?<br>a. Lipids<br>b. Proteases<br>c. Proteins<br>d. Carbohydrates<br>ANS: C<br>Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for<br>electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the \u201cglue\u201d holding cell<br>membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in<br>cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug<br>therapy for which human diseases?<br>a. Cardiac and vascular disorders<br>b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders<br>c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders<br>d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders<br>ANS: B<br>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug<br>interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,<br>including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,<br>gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma<br>membrane?<br>a. Carbohydrate chains<br>b. Glycoprotein channels<br>c. Membrane channel proteins<br>d. Lipid bilayer<br>ANS: D<br>The bilayer\u2019s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It<br>is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because<br>the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a<br>barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble<br>molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily.<br>Carbohydrate chains, glycoprotein channels, and membrane channel proteins do not prevent<br>water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the cell membrane.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential.<br>What response by the professor is best?<br>a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>3 | P a g e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.<br>c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.<br>d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.<br>ANS: B<br>During the absolute refractory state of the action potential, no stimulus is able to evoke<br>another response from the cell. A stronger than normal impulse may generate a response in<br>the relative refractory period. This period of time is not related to the number of stimuli. A<br>hyperpolarized state means a stronger than normal stimulus would be needed to generate a<br>response.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"11\">\n<li>Which form of cell communication is used to within the cell itself and with other cells in<br>direct physical contact?<br>a. Protein channel (gap junction)<br>b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules<br>c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters<br>d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands<br>ANS: B<br>Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma membrane-bound signaling<br>molecules that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact with it, they affect<br>receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein channels (gap junctions) that<br>directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons<br>and cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Ligands are<br>involved in binding processes.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some<br>distance away?<br>a. Paracrine<br>b. Autocrine<br>c. Neurotransmitter<br>d. Hormonal<br>ANS: D<br>Chemical signaling can be classified into three categories: (1) local-chemical mediator, (2)<br>hormone, and (3) neurotransmitter. Hormones are released by one set of cells and travel<br>through tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they produce a response by<br>those cells. In paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly<br>absorbed, destroyed, or immobilized. Paracrine signaling requires close<br>membrane-to-membrane contact. Paracrine signaling usually involves different cell types;<br>however, cells also may produce signals that they, themselves, respond to, which is called<br>autocrine signaling. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and cross the synaptic cleft to<br>communicate with the cells they innervate.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>4 | P a g e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"13\">\n<li>Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,<br>destroyed, or immobilized?<br>a. Paracrine<br>b. Autocrine<br>c. Neurotransmitter<br>d. Hormone<br>ANS: A<br>In paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,<br>destroyed, or immobilized. Autocrine signaling occurs when the target cells produce signals<br>that they themselves respond to. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons and cross the<br>synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they innervate. Hormones are released by one set<br>of cells and travel through tissues or the bloodstream to another set of cells where they<br>produce a response by those cells.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?<br>a. Lipids<br>b. Ribosomes<br>c. Amphipathic lipids<br>d. Receptors<br>ANS: D<br>In each type of chemical signaling, the target cell receives the signal by first attaching to its<br>receptors. The other options do not correctly describe this process.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?<br>a. Protein channel (gap junction)<br>b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)<br>c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters<br>d. Chemical messengers such as ligands<br>ANS: D<br>Signal transduction involves incoming signals or instructions from extracellular chemical<br>messengers (ligands) that are conveyed to the cell\u2019s interior for execution. The other options<br>do not correctly describe how cells receive communication from the surrounding extracellular<br>fluid.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for extracellular communication to<br>be activated?<br>a. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)<br>b. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)<br>c. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)<br>d. Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)<br>ANS: B<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>5 | P a g e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two major second-messenger pathways are cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++).<br>GTP, ATP, and GDP are not major second-messenger pathways. GTP and GDP are<br>\u201cmiddlemen\u201d or intermediaries. Nutrients are transformed into energy in the form of ATP.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"17\">\n<li>Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?<br>a. Oxidative phosphorylation<br>b. Glycolysis<br>c. Lactolysis<br>d. Passive transport<br>ANS: B<br>Glycolysis provides energy to the cells when oxygen delivery is insufficient or delayed.<br>Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which energy produced from nutrients is<br>transferred to ATP. Lactolysis is the breakdown of lactose. Passive transport is the movement<br>of water and small, nonelectrically charge molecules across plasma membranes.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and<br>lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?<br>a. Anaerobic glycolysis<br>b. Oxidative cellular metabolism<br>c. Oxidative phosphorylation<br>d. Tricarboxylic acid phosphorylation<br>ANS: C<br>Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and is the mechanism by which the<br>energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. Glycolysis<br>provides energy to the cells when oxygen delivery is insufficient or delayed. Oxidative<br>cellular metabolism and tricarboxylic acid phosphorylation are not involved in transferring<br>energy to ATP.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Passive transport is best described with which statement?<br>a. Being driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion<br>b. Involving receptors that can bind with substances being transported<br>c. Being capable of transporting macromolecules<br>d. Requiring energy generated by the cell<br>ANS: A<br>Water and small electrically uncharged molecules move easily through pores in the plasma<br>membrane\u2019s lipid bilayer. This process, called passive transport, naturally occurs through any<br>semipermeable barrier. It is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion, all of<br>which depend on the laws of physics and do not require life. The other options do not<br>correctly describe passive transport.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>6 | P a g e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"20\">\n<li>Which is the best example of active transport?<br>a. Movement across a membrane due to differences in solute concentration<br>b. Movement requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy<br>c. Movement of two molecules simultaneously in one direction<br>d. Movement of two molecules simultaneously in opposite directions<br>ANS: B<br>Active transport requires a life, biologic activity, and the expenditure of metabolic energy.<br>Movement due simply to differences in concentration gradients is called passive transport.<br>Movement of two molecules in the same direction is called symport, while moving two<br>molecules in opposite directions is called antiport.<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high degree of<br>specificity for the substance being transported?<br>a. Active<br>b. Mediated<br>c. Transmembranous<br>d. Passive<br>ANS: B<br>Mediated transport (passive and active) involves integral or transmembrane proteins with<br>receptors having a high degree of specificity for the substance being transported. Active and<br>passive transport are opposites with active transport requiring the use of energy and passive<br>transport relying on osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion and not energy.<br>Transmembranous means \u201cacross membranes.\u201d<br>DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary<br>membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement<br>process?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A student asks why osmolality is preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic<br>activity in the clinical assessment of individuals. What response by the professor is most<br>accurate?<br>a. Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of solution.<br>b. Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes.<br>c. More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes rather than by water.<br>d. Osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in plasma.<br>ANS: C<br>Osmolality is a measure of the number of milliosmoles per kilogram (mOsm\/kg) of water, or<br>the concentration of molecules per weight of water. Osmolarity is a measure of the number of<br>milliosmoles per liter (mOsm\/L) of solution, or the concentration of molecules per volume of<br>solution. Osmolality is a measure of the number of milliosmoles per kilogram (mOsm\/kg) of<br>water, or the concentration of molecules per weight of water. Osmolarity is a measure of the<br>number of milliosmoles per liter (mOsm\/L) of solution, or the concentration of molecules per<br>volume of solution. In plasma, less of the plasma weight is water; therefore the overall<br>concentration of particles is greater. The osmolality will be greater than the osmolarity<br>because of the smaller proportion of water. Osmolality is thus the preferred measure of<br>osmotic activity in clinical assessment of individuals.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Test Bank &#8211; McCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults &amp; Children, 9e (Rogers, 2023)<br>7 | P a g e<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TEST BANKMcCance &amp; Huether\u2019s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis forDisease in Adults and Children Julia L. Rogers DNP RN CNS FNP-BC 9th Edition Table of ContentsChapter 01 Cellular Biology 1Chapter 02 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology-Environmental Agents 14Chapter 03 The Cellular Environment-Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases 27Chapter 04 Genes and Genetic Diseases 40Chapter 05 Genes, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119401\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}