BIO 117 Exam 3
Population Ecology – ANSWER Study of how and why
population size changes over time, and the effects that population change has on
the population. (How new populations get started.)
Population Ecology- Change – ANSWER Populations may
get larger or smaller without genetic change, and genetic change may occur
without population size changes.
Population Ecology- Why Study – ANSWER Knowing how
populations of food plants grow allows us to plan farms more efficiently. Also
knowing how local insect populations grow and decline helps us maintain local
ecosystems.
Population Ecology – Methods – ANSWER -First ask, how
many individuals there are. And is the population declining or increasing?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Population Ecology- Caribou on St.Matthew Island – ANSWER
-Reindeer introduced to St. Matthew Island in Alaska.
-Increased from initial population of 29 to max of 6000 and finally crashed at 44.
-Many food sources went dry and with the extreme snow of that year 40000
reindeer died. (Lichens also eliminated)
-Nearly 50 reindeer per square mile
Caribou (Reindeer)- St. Paul Island – ANSWER -1910 8
caribou introduced population went up to 2000 then when back down and
eventually became extinct in 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E.G
Day 1 –> 1
Day 2 –>2
Day 3–>4
Day 4–>8
Day 5–>16
Exponential Growth- Assumptions – ANSWER -Unlimited
environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exponential Growth Equation – ANSWER (dN\/dT) = rN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bio117 Exam 2
The axial skeleton contains – ANSWER The skull, Spine,
Sternum, and Ribs
The Appendicular Skeleton Contains – ANSWER The
Girdles, arms, and legs
Parts of the skull – ANSWER cranium, facial bones,
mandible, sinuses, ossicles, hyoid
Pectoral Girdle – ANSWER clavicle and scapula
Pelvic Girdle – ANSWER Coxal Bones<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Frontal Bone – ANSWER
Parietal Bone – ANSWER
Temporal Bone – ANSWER
Occipital Bone – ANSWER
Mastoid Process – ANSWER
external acoustic meatus – ANSWER<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foramen Magnum – ANSWER
Nasal Bone – ANSWER
Zygomatic bone – ANSWER
maxilla – ANSWER
Mandible – ANSWER
vomer – ANSWER<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tympanic cavity – ANSWER Contains Ossicles, located in
temporal bone
Auditory (Eustachian) Tube – ANSWER Contains tympanic
cavity and nasopharynx, pops when you fly
Paranasal Sinuses – ANSWER frontal, maxillary, ethmoid,
sphenoid
order of vertebrae – ANSWER cervical, thoracic, lumbar,
sacrum, coccyx
Number of cervical vertebrae – ANSWER 7
number of thoracic vertebrae – ANSWER 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BIO 117 Exam 1
What is an adaptation? – ANSWER a trait that
improves the fitness of its bearer, compared with individuals without the trait
How can biological fitness be estimated? – ANSWER
Count the number of healthy, fertile offspring produced by different individuals in
a population.
All of the following are true for natural selection EXCEPT:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is a main driving force behind natural selection? – ANSWER New alleles originate from . – ANSWER BIO 117 EXAM 1 Types of selection – ANSWER directional, stabilizing and Founder effect – ANSWER begin with a large varied Bio 117 Exam 1 Quizzes 1-3 Natural selection creates new traits \/ alleles – ANSWER BIO 117 – EXAM 1 What is it called when two or more atoms bond? – ANSWER A human is an example of what? – ANSWER Organism Bio 117 Final 2023\/2024 Answers: B. uric acid Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share? BIO117 – FINAL EXAM Cell division for sexual reproduction is called what? – ANSWER BIO 117 Exam 3Population Ecology – ANSWER Study of how and whypopulation size changes over time, and the effects that population change has onthe population. (How new populations get started.)Population Ecology- Change – ANSWER Populations mayget larger or smaller without genetic change, and genetic change may occurwithout population size changes.Population Ecology- Why Study – ANSWER […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119599\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
The environment
Vestigial traits are _<\/strong>. – ANSWER remnants of
structures that were useful to an organism’s ancestors
TRUE\/FALSE: New traits in a population arise (come into existence) in response to
need (i.e. NEED can evoke new alleles in a population). – ANSWER
False<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mutations
According to , traits acquired during an individual’s lifetime will be
inherited by offspring. – ANSWER Lamarck
Allele frequencies change as a result of _<\/em><\/strong><\/em>.
-Mutation
-Genetic drift
-Gene flow (immigration\/emigration)
-Natural selection
-All of the above – ANSWER All of the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n
evolution – ANSWER a change in a population over time
Natural selection – ANSWER the process by which
populations change over time
What is necessary for natural selection to occur? – ANSWER
traits within a population vary
-some individuals leave more offspring than others (fitness)
Mechanisms of evolutionary change – ANSWER Natural
selection, genetic drift, gene flow and mutation
Fitness – ANSWER the ability of an individual to produce
offspring relative to others of the same species<\/p>\n\n\n\n
disruptive
Directional selection – ANSWER the result after selection
will be one extreme or the other
stabilizing selection – ANSWER the result after selection will
be a median phenotype
disruptive selection – ANSWER the median has the lowest
fitness and the two extremes have the highest (graph will look like camel
humps)
Genetic drift – ANSWER cause change randomly
-can lead to an increase in the frequency of alleles that decrease fitness
(meaning something that original would have been the higher fitness no
longer is)
-two components: founder and bottleneck<\/p>\n\n\n\n
population; then a random sampling of a few individuals leave and establish a
new population
-not all variation will be in new generation
Bottleneck effect – ANSWER a large population; a few
randomly start a new population; death eliminates the original population
Gene flow – ANSWER immigration and emigration
-frequencies will be vastly different that what they would have been
Immigration – ANSWER new individuals entering a
population
emigration – ANSWER individuals leaving a population<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A few individuals move between populations. This is an example of – ANSWER
Gene Flow
A few individuals of a population become separated and begin populating a new
area. The resultant genetic make-up of this new population would be a
consequence of _<\/em><\/strong> – ANSWER a founder effect
Disruptive selection is selection for [x]. This causes an [y] in genetic diversity –
ANSWER extreme phenotypes.
Increase
Evolution is a change in the [x] of a [y] over time – ANSWER
gene pool
population
In a population of insects, both very large and very small individuals are successful
at mating, but medium-sized individuals are not. This is an example of –
ANSWER disruptive selection<\/p>\n\n\n\n
False
Small populations are especially susceptible to – ANSWER
genetic drift
What term is used to describe all the alleles at every locus for all individuals
within a population? – ANSWER Gene Pool
What variable in the Hardy-Weinberg equation describes the expected proportion
of heterozygotes? – ANSWER 2pq
608 individuals from a fruit fly population are sequenced. The following are the
resulting observed genotypes:
Homozygous Dominant 362
Heterozygous 94
Homozygous Recessive 152
Perform a G-test and Chi-Square analysis to fill in the blanks and answer the
following question.
The resulting G-statistic is<\/em> meaning that _<\/em><\/strong>? – ANSWER
greater than the chi-square; evidence does not support HWE for this trait
On the G-table, the total number of expected individuals should be\u2026 – ANSWER
equal in number to the observed individuals<\/p>\n\n\n\n
_______<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> is a Branch of biological sciences that studies the structure
of the body. – ANSWER Anatomy
__________<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> is a Branch if biological sciences that studies how the
body functions. – ANSWER Physiology
_______________<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> is a Branch of biological sciences that studies
improper body functioning. – ANSWER Pathophysiology
What is the body’s ability to remain the same? – ANSWER
Homeostasis
The smallest unit of an element is called what? – ANSWER
atoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Molecules
____<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> can be found in the bones, nerves, skin, muscles, etc. –
ANSWER Cells
_____<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> can be muscle, connective, and epithelial. – ANSWER
Tissues
The heart, stomach, and kidneys are an example of what? – ANSWER
Organs
Digestion, excretion, and reproduction are an example of what? – ANSWER
An organ system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
________<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> feedback is one way our bodies regulate homeostasis. –
ANSWER Negative feedback
When the body is in anatomical position, the body is erect and facing which way?<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
When the body is in anatomical position, the palms are facing which direction? –
ANSWER Forward
Directional Terminology: Front – ANSWER Anterior
Directional Terminology: Back – ANSWER Posterior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
The force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active
transport is <\/strong>.
Answers:
A. the concentration gradient; ADP
B. phosphorylated protein carriers; ATP
C. the concentration gradient; ATP
D. transmembrane pumps; electron transport – ANSWER C. the
concentration gradient; ATP
Which structure in the mammalian kidney is responsible for maintaining the
osmotic gradient in medulla of the kidney?
Answers:
A. proximal tubule
B. collecting duct
C. loop of Henle
D. renal corpuscle
E. distal tubule – ANSWER C. loop of Henle
Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form
of uric acid?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A. insects and birds
B. humans and frogs
C. fish and turtles
D. lions and horses
E. mice and birds – ANSWER A. insects and birds
In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism of
.
Answers:
A. starch and cellulose
B. proteins and nucleic acids
C. phospholipids and glycolipids
D. triglycerides and steroids
E. fatty acids and glycerol – ANSWER B. proteins and nucleic acids
Ammonia <\/strong>.
Answers:
A. has low toxicity relative to urea
B. is metabolically more expensive to synthesize than urea
C. is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects
D. is soluble in water
E. can be stored in the body as a precipitate – ANSWER D. is
soluble in water
Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?
Answers:
A. urea<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C. nitrogen gas
D. ammonia
E. amino acids – ANSWER B. uric acid
The necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after being
placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that .
Answers:
A. loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and
organ failure
B. high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish’s cells, causing them to swell and
lyse
C.the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this
hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis
D. the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and
a resulting asphyxiation
E.brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic
environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function – ANSWER
A. loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and
organ failure
A prokaryote that obtains energy from light is a(n) <\/strong>.
Answers:
A. autotroph and phototroph
B. chemotroph
C. phototroph
D. autotroph, phototroph, and chemotroph
E. heterotroph and chemotroph – ANSWER C. phototroph<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Answers:
A. composition of the cell wall
B. lack of a nuclear envelope
C. presence of plasma membrane
D. both A and B
E. both B and C – ANSWER E. both B and C
Which of the following lists contains the steps of development in the correct
order?
Answers:
A. Cell cleavage, fertilization, gastrulation, organogenesis
B. Gastrulation, cell cleavage, organogenesis, fertilization
C. Fertilization, cell cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis
D. Cell cleavage, fertilization, organogenesis, gastrulation
E. Fertilization, gastrulation, cell cleavage, organogenesis – ANSWER
C. Fertilization, cell cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis
Which of the following are characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria? (Select All that
Apply)
THREE ANSWERS
Answers:
A. True Tissues
B. Specialized stinging cells
C. Complete digestive system
D. Nerve Net – ANSWER A. True Tissues
B. Specialized stinging cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The female gonads are the what? – ANSWER ovaries
The male gonads are the what? – ANSWER Testes
The _______<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong> System performs two functions: it produces, nurtures,
and transports ova and sprem – ANSWER reproductive
The scrotum is lower in temperature, why? – ANSWER To
keep the sperm alive
Sperm production is called what? – ANSWER
spermatogenesis
Spermatogonia mature into what? – ANSWER
Spermatocytes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meiosis
You have how many chromosomes? – ANSWER 46
How many chromosomes do you gain from your mother? – ANSWER
23
How many chromosome do you gain from your father – ANSWER
23
Where does sperm mature in? – ANSWER epididymis
Sperm is created where? – ANSWER Testes
What contains the testes? – ANSWER scrotum
Erection, Emission, Ejaculation, and returning to resting size is considered what? –
ANSWER Male Sexual Response<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"