{"id":119641,"date":"2023-09-12T18:44:51","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T18:44:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=119641"},"modified":"2023-09-12T18:44:53","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T18:44:53","slug":"midterm-final-exams-nr-565-nr565-all-exams-updates-study-bundle-with-complete-solutions-advanced-pharmacology-exam-reviews-questions-and-verified-answers-2023-2024-updates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/12\/midterm-final-exams-nr-565-nr565-all-exams-updates-study-bundle-with-complete-solutions-advanced-pharmacology-exam-reviews-questions-and-verified-answers-2023-2024-updates\/","title":{"rendered":"Midterm &amp; Final Exams: NR 565 \/ NR565 |ALL EXAMS UPDATES STUDY BUNDLE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS| Advanced Pharmacology Exam Reviews | Questions and Verified Answers (2023\/ 2024 Updates)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>NR565 \/ NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology<br>Fundamentals Midterm Exam Review |<br>Highly Rated Study Guide |Chamberlain<br>College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The rash associated with scarlet fever typically occurs how long after th start of the<br>symptomatic infection?<br>A. 2 days<br>B. 4 days<br>C. 7 to 10 days<br>D. 2 to 3 weeks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Treatment of scarlet fever in a 19-year-old woman with no allergy to penicillin can<br>include all of the following except:<br>A. penicillin<br>B. cefdinir<br>C. TMP-SMX<br>D. cefpodoxime<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An 18-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of a 3-day history of &#8220;sore throat<br>and swollen glands&#8221;. Her physical examination includes exudative pharyngitis, minimally<br>tender anterior and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and maculopapular rash. She is<br>diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and was likely infected with the causative<br>organism how many days ago?<br>A. 5 to 10<br>B. 20 to 30<br>C. 30 to 50<br>D. more than 100<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Epstein-Barr virus is primarily transmitted via:<br>A. skin-to-skin contact<br>B. contact with blood<br>C. oropharyngeal secretions<br>D. genital contact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which of the following is most likely to be found in the laboratory data of a person with<br>infectious mononucleosis?<br>A. neutrophils with reactive forms<br>B. lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes<br>C. thrombocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>D. macrocytosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"6\">\n<li>You examine a 25-year-old man who has infectious mononucleosis with tonsillar<br>hypertrophy, exudative pharyngitis, poor fluid intake due to difficulty swallowing,and a<br>patent airway. You prescribe:<br>A. amoxicillin<br>B. prednisone<br>C. ibuprofen<br>D. acyclovir<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In patients with infectious mononucleosis, which medication should be avoided because<br>of a risk of rash development?<br>A. acetaminophen<br>B. sulfamethoxazole<br>C. erythromycin<br>D. amoxicillin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What percentage of patients with infectious mononucleosis have splenomegaly during the<br>acute phase of the illness?<br>A. at least 10%<br>B. about 25%<br>C. at least 50%<br>D. nearly 100%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The size of a normal spleen is approximately:<br>A. 1&#8243; X 1&#8243; X 3&#8243;<br>B. 1&#8243; X 3&#8243; X 5&#8243;<br>C. 2&#8243; X 4&#8243; X 6&#8243;<br>D. 3&#8243; X 5&#8243; X 7&#8243;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Because of a risk for splenic rupture, persons who have recovered from infectious<br>mononucleosis should wait how long before participating in collision or contact sports?<br>A. at least 2 weeks<br>B. at least 1 month<br>C. at least 3 months<br>D. at least 6 months<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 19-year-old man presents with a chief complaint of red, irritated right eye for the past<br>48 hours with eyelids that were &#8220;stuck together&#8221; this morning when he awoke.<br>Examination reveals injected palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva and reactive pupils; vision<br>screen with the Snellen chart evaluation reveals 20\/30 in the right eye (OD), left eye<br>(OS), and both eyes (OU) and purulent eye discharge on the right. This presentation is<br>most consistent with:<br>A. suppurative conjunctivitis<br>B. viral conjunctivitis<br>C. allergic conjunctivitis<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>NR565 \/ NR565 Advanced Pharmacology<br>Fundamentals Midterm \/ Final Exam|<br>Questions and 100 % Correct Answers |<br>Rated A Quiz bank | LATEST, 2020 \/<br>2021 | Chamberlain College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kasey fractured his ankle in two places and is asking for medication for his pain. The<br>appropriate first-line medication would be:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Acetaminophen with hydrocodone (Vicodin)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jack, age 8, has attention deficit disorder (ADD) and is prescribed methylphenidate<br>(Ritalin). He and his parents should be educated about the side effects of<br>methylphenidate, which are:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Insomnia and decreased appetite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Monitoring for a child on methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder<br>(ADHD) includes:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ADHD symptoms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Routine height and weight checks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amount of methylphenidate being used<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When prescribing Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) to adults with ADHD<br>the nurse practitioner will need to monitor:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Blood pressure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Common mistakes practitioners make in treating anxiety disorders include:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thinking a partial response to medication is acceptable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An appropriate first-line drug to try for mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorder<br>would be:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Buspirone (Buspar)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An appropriate drug to initially treat panic disorder is:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diazepam (Valium)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prior to starting antidepressants, patients should have laboratory testing to rule out:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hypothyroidism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>David is a 34-year-old patient who is starting on paroxetine (Paxil) for depression.<br>David&#8217;s education regarding his medication would include:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>He may experience sexual dysfunction beginning a month after he starts therapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jamison has been prescribed citalopram (Celexa) to treat his depression. Education<br>regarding how quickly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants work<br>would be:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appetite and concentration improve in the first 1 to 2 weeks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The racial difference in drug pharmacokinetics seen in American Indian or Alaskan<br>Natives are:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Largely unknown due to lack of studies of this population<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pharmacokinetics among Asians are universal to all the Asian ethnic groups.<br>A. True<br>B. False<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alterations in drug metabolism among Asians may lead to:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slower metabolism of antidepressants, requiring lower doses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Asians from Eastern Asia are known to be fast acetylators. Fast acetylators:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Require higher doses of drugs metabolized by acetylization to achieve efficacy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hispanic native healers (curanderas):<br>A. Are not heavily utilized by Hispanics who immigrate to the United States<br>B. Use herbs and teas in their treatment of illness<br>C. Provide unsafe advice to Hispanics and should not be trusted<br>D. Need to be licensed in their home country in order to practice in the United States<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genetic polymorphisms account for differences in metabolism, including:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Poor metabolizers, who lack a working enzyme<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intermediate metabolizers, who have one working, wild-type allele and one mutant<br>allele<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extensive metabolizers, with two normally functioning alleles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to 21% of Asians are ultra-rapid 2D6 metabolizers, leading to:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increased dosages needed of drugs metabolized by 2D6, such as the selective<br>serotonin reuptake inhibitors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Induce the metabolism of another drug<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inhibit the metabolism of another drug<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rifampin is a nonspecific CYP450 inducer that may:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Induce the metabolism of drugs, such as oral contraceptives, leading to therapeutic<br>failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by a drug such as quinidine may lead to:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increased levels of a co-administered drug, such as digoxin, that requires Pglycoprotein for absorption and elimination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Warfarin resistance may be seen in patients with VCORC1 mutation, leading to:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Decreased response to warfarin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Genetic testing for VCORC1 mutation to assess potential warfarin resistance is required<br>prior to prescribing warfarin.<br>A. True<br>B. False<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pharmacogenetic testing is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prior to<br>prescribing:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cetuximab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carbamazepine has a Black Box Warning recommending testing for the HLA-B*1502<br>allele in patients with Asian ancestry prior to starting therapy due to:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increased risk for Stevens-Johnson syndrome in Asian patients with HLA-B*1502<br>allele<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A genetic variation in how the metabolite of the cancer drug irinotecan SN-38 is<br>inactivated by the body may lead to<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increased adverse drug reactions, such as neutropenia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Patients who have a poor metabolism phenotype will have:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slowed metabolism of a prodrug into an active drug, leading to accumulation of<br>prodrug<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A patient&#8217;s nutritional intake and laboratory results reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is<br>critical to prescribing because:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Distribution of drugs to target tissue may be affected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lungs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NR 565 \/ NR565 Advanced<br>Pharmacology Midterm Exam Review<br>| Already Rated A | Latest, 2021\/2022|<br>Chamberlain College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is the significance of VCORC1 mutation?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The significance of the VCORC1 mutation is that it is related to an<br>individual exhibiting warfarin resistance since it plays a role in<br>metabolizing the drug warfarin (Woo et al., 2016).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This means that the individual is prone to an increased risk of bleeding<br>which can lead to adverse outcomes for the individuals who exhibit this<br>genetic mutation (Fereidouni et al., 2019).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The VCORC1 mutation is responsible for producing a &#8220;subunit of the<br>vitamin K epoxide reductase complex&#8221; (Woo et al., 2016).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is currently not required by the FDA to complete genetic testing prior<br>to starting warfarin, but as practitioners we should encourage our<br>patients to complete genetic testing so that we can accurately calculate the<br>correct dosage for warfarin without creating significant adverse outcomes<br>for these individuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Can you describe how new drugs are developed from the text?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>New drugs are developed by researches in a lab first by looking into<br>disease processes and the medications that are used to help treat these<br>disease processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After looking at the medications to help treat disease better, researches<br>look into how to make the medications be more effective with less toxicity<br>or &#8216;side effects&#8217;. in order to do this, researchers start preclinical research.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During this phase researchers look into whether the drug is going to kill<br>people or cause serious harm to people. then they go into the clinical<br>phase.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The clinical phase is where they use the preclinical phase data and come<br>up with human research subjects. These usually consist of two groups<br>(one getting the new medication and one getting a &#8216;fake&#8217; medication<br>(placebo).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then this leads to step 4 the FDA drug review where they come up with<br>labels, safety updates, etc. Then they move on to the post market<br>monitoring where they actually pay attention to the way the medication is<br>being used and what for. (US Food and Drug Administration, 2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Explain what it means if a drug is an antagonist?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An antagonist according to our text is a drug that takes over a receptor<br>without stimulating that receptor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We see the medication blocking the response of an agonist to that<br>receptor. Such as seen in a beta-blocker keeping the adrenergic nerve<br>activity from increasing the heart rate and therefore able to help decrease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>the heart rate of the patient taking the medication. Antagonists can make<br>the agonist appear less potent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The effect of the antagonist depends on that of the affinity for the<br>receptor and the blood levels noted in the patient (Woo RN PhD ARNP<br>CPNP-PC CNL FAANP, Teri Moser et al., 2015).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Another example would be naltrexone. This medication is used in patients<br>that want to not relapse in heroin or opioid usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The medication blocks the receptors for the opioids and does not allow<br>the drugs to connect to the receptors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The problem with this is that it can cause an overdose if there is a relapse<br>(Pharmacological Treatment | Medication Assisted Recovery, n.d.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What the terms efficacy and bioavailability mean?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to Woo &amp; Robinson (2016), efficacy in medicine means the<br>power of producing the maximum effect of a drug (Woo &amp; Robinson,<br>2016, p. 14).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When thinking about efficacy and medication, an example may include<br>hypertension medication and how it lowers blood pressure but can also<br>have an effect on other mechanisms in the body such as heart rate or<br>kidney function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Patients who are prescribed new medication should be monitored closely<br>on how it may affect the patient&#8217;s outcome. It also states that drugs with<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NR 565 \/ NR565 Advanced<br>Pharmacology Final Exam Review |<br>Already Rated A | Latest, 2021\/2022|<br>Chamberlain College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>common disorder characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Major groups of GERD<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>erosive esophagitis and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drug of choice for GERD<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proton Pump Inhibitors;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cimetidine use for GERD<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>drug of choice for relieving symptoms.; does little to hasten healing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proton Pump Inhibitor MOA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>irreversibly blocking hydrogen and the amount of HCl produced by the stomach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proton Pump Inhibitor Prototype Drug<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Omeprazole<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PPI AE<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pneumonia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FX,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rebound Acid Hypersecretion,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hypomagnesemia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PPI Monitoring<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Magnesium (Hypomagnesimia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PPI Drug Interaction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clopidogrel (Plavix)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(1) specific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the underlying causative agent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opioids (antidiarrheals)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>most effective antidiarrheal agents;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>activating opioid receptors in the GI tract,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>these drugs decrease intestinal motility and thus slow down intestinal transit,<br>which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>diphenoxylate (Lomotil, others) and loperamide (Imodium, others)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>most frequently employed opioids for diarrhea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opioid Antidiarrheal; Formulated w\/ atropine to discourage abuse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) MOA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loperamide (Imodium)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opioid Antidiarrheal; Meperidine analog<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loperamide (Imodium) MOA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>treat diarrhea and reduce the volume of discharge from ileostomies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Benefits derive from suppressing bowel motility and from suppressing fluid<br>secretion into the intestinal lumen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-popular over-the-counter medication that can be used for upset stomach,<br>diarrhea, heartburn, and general indigestion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler&#8217;s diarrhea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>contraindicated in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox<br>or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye&#8217;s syndrome and in individuals with<br>aspirin hypersensitivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gray\/black stools and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>black tongue from the bismuth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Traveler&#8217;s diarrhea<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Escherichia coli<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Traveler&#8217;s Diarrhea Treatment<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>-Ciprofloxacin for adults.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-Azithromycin (Zithromax) is preferred for children and for pregnant women).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>-Rifaximin (Xifaxan) may also be used provided the patient is not pregnant or<br>febrile and that stools are not bloody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metoclopramide MOA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A prokinetic agent:<br>(1) suppresses emesis (by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin in<br>the CTZ)<br>(2) it increases upper GI motility (by enhancing the actions of<br>acetylcholine).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prokinetic Agent<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metoclopramide; Drugs that increase the tone and motility of the GI tract.<br>Indications include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), CINV, and diabetic<br>gastroparesis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metoclopramide (Reglan) PO Dose Use<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1) diabetic gastroparesis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2) suppression of gastroesophageal reflux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metoclopramide (Reglan) IV Dose Use<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1) suppression of postoperative nausea and vomiting,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2) suppression of CINV,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3) facilitation of small bowel intubation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4) facilitation of radiologic examination of the GI tract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metoclopramide (Reglan) AE<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High-dose therapy: sedation and diarrhea are common<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long-term high-dose therapy: irreversible tardive dyskinesia, characterized by<br>repetitive, involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metoclopramide contraindication<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contraindication in patients with GI obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Misoprostol (Cytotec)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>an analog of prostaglandin E1. In the United States, the drug&#8217;s only approved GI<br>indication is prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long-term therapy with<br>NSAIDs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Misoprostol (Cytotec) Contraindication<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk for partial or complete expulsion of<br>the developing fetus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Peptic Ulcer Disease Step 2 Therapy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H. pylori testing &amp; Treatment with PPIs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H. pylori<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and duodenum; most<br>common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H. Pylori Treatment<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PPI plus antibiotics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H. pylori triple therapy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amoxicillin,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clarithromycin or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metronidazole, PPI (omeprazole)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H. pylori quadruple therapy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PPI,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bismuth,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>metronidazole,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NR 565 \/ NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam<br>Review| Chamberlain College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What adjunctive therapy can we prescribe to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Beta blocker<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Typically at what interval should thyroid levels be checked?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>6-8 weeks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why doesn&#8217;t the FDA recommend using PTU as a 1st line treatment for hyperthyroidism?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Risk for liver toxicity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What should be included in patient teaching for Levothyroxine?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Take in the morning at least 30-60 minutes before eating<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What drug class can interfere with the assessment and monitoring of DM?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Beta Blockers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is the role of beta cells in DM?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The cells responsible for insulin synthesis &amp; release into the blood stream<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is the A1C goal for someone with DM?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Less than 7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What A1C is indicative of DM?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&gt;6.5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is diagnosis criteria for diabetes?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fasting BG &gt;= 126 or random BG &gt;= 200 plus symptoms or OGTT &gt;= 200<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What medication is safe for use in pregnancy?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H2 receptor antagonists<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Book says &#8220;Pregnant women &#8211; Some PPIs (esomeprazole) and H2 receptor<br>antagonists (ranitidine) are safe for use in pregnancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We treat peptic ulcers with all of the following except?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ondansetron, diphenoxylate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NR 565 \/ NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Midterm Exam<br>Review| Chamberlain College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Typical Antipsychotics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A class of older drugs to treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders<br>primarily by reducing excess levels of dopamine in the brain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>do not give to elderly, neuroleptic malignang syndrome with high fever,<br>increased HR, diaphoresis, rigidity, coma, many EPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>do not stop suddenly, do not drive with it, wear sunscreen, monitor gait<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine, fluphenazine decanoate,<br>perphenazine, trifluoperazine, haloperidol, loxapine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>atypical antipsychotics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Antipsychotics that do not have significant side effects common to older<br>antipsychotics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>agranulocytosis is deadly s\/e, has EPS but less than others, no alcohol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Olanzapine (obesity), Clozapine (agranulocytosis), Respiradone (increase<br>prolactin)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dopaminergics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Treat parkinsons by enhancing dopamine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>do not give to schizophrenic patients<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>levodopa (sinemet)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stand up slowly, inhibited by protein<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Benzodiazepines<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The most common group of antianxiety drugs, increases GABA and<br>decreases neuronal excitation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>do not mix with cns depressive agents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Valium, xanax, ativan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Serotonergic anxiolytics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enhances serotonin to relieve anxiety<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No CNS depression, no anticonvulsant properties, very mild SE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buspirone, ipsapirone, gepirone<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Barbiturates<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing<br>anxiety but impairing memory and judgment, treat epilepsy, seizures,<br>insomnia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>do not suddenly discontinue, CNS depression does occur, decreases many<br>other medications such as beta blockers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pentobarbital, -barbital etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sedative-hypnotics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drugs that can act in the body either as sedatives or as hypnotics, depress the<br>CNS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Benzodiazepine hypnotics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diazepam, Midazolam, Zolazepam<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Potentiates the inhibitory action of GABA. Activation of the receptor causes<br>an influx of Cl- ion movement into the neuron and hyperpolarization and<br>inhibition of membrane depolarization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Addicting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zolpidem, Zaleplon, exZopiclone. &#8220;ALL ZZZs put you to sleep.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MOA: act via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor. Effects reversed by<br>flumazemnil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use: insomnia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SE: ataxia, headaches, confusion. Short duration. Decreased depdence risnk<br>like bneozs and only modest daf-after pscyhomoter depression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mood stabilizers<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lithium<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inhibits IP3 second messenger cascade, mood stabilizer for bipolar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>therapeutic range 0.6 to 1.5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>causes congenital malformations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NR565 \/ NR 565 Advanced PharmacologyFundamentals Midterm Exam Review |Highly Rated Study Guide |ChamberlainCollege D. macrocytosis NR565 \/ NR565 Advanced PharmacologyFundamentals Midterm \/ Final Exam|Questions and 100 % Correct Answers |Rated A Quiz bank | LATEST, 2020 \/2021 | Chamberlain College NR 565 \/ NR565 AdvancedPharmacology Midterm Exam Review| Already Rated A | Latest, 2021\/2022|Chamberlain [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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