62 year old woman – osteoporosis – a bisphosphonate is prescribed. The expected
beneficial effect of the drug is due to which of the following? -Answer- Decreased
Osteoclast Activity
Cohot Study of elderly women – relative risk ratio for hip fractures among those who
exercise regularly is 1.2 (95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 1.8). Which of the following is
the conclusion about the effect of exercise on the risk of hip fracture? -Answer\u0002Statistically Significant Overall Increase Risk
52 year old man goes to ER with chest pain radiating to his jaw while shoveling snow.
Pulse is 80\/min and blood pressure is 130\/70. The most immediate treatment
mechanism of action? -Answer- Increased nitric oxide concentration
24 year old woman – spilled hot grease on her left leg while working at a fast-food
restaurant. Exam of leg shows 7cm pink, soft, granular, edematous wound. The
formation of this tissue was most likely caused by increased activity of which? -Answer\u0002a. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGF – stimulates angiogenesiss.
TYPE III Collagen = Blood Vessels – early wound repair
27 year old man- MVC – skull x-ray shows a linear, nondepressed basal skull fracture –
increased serum osm and decreased urin osm. Following desmopressin urine osm
increases. Desmopressin’s effect is due to the activation of which of the following? –
Answer- a. Adenylyl Cyclase
Adenylate Cyclase – ATP – CAMP — PROTEKINASE A — Ca
v2
A 10 month old boy – 4 day history of fever and cough. He attends day care center.
Chest exam shows intercostal retractions along with bilateral, diffuse wheezes and
expiratory rhonchi. The infectious agent most likely has which of the following
properties? -Answer- Mediation of Cell Entry via a fusion protein
A 17 year old girl in ED – 15 minutes after being stung by a bee. Mild light headedness
but no difficulty swallowing- Bilateral wheezing – Which is most appropriate
pharmacotherapy for this patient? -Answer- B2- Agonist
14 year old boy – 2 day history of sore throat and fever that peaks in late afternoon. 1
week of fatigue. He recentaly had sex with one partner. Physical exam show cervical
lymphadenopathy and pharyngeal erythema with a creamy exudate. DX? -Answer\u0002Infectious Mononucleosis
57 year old man – radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Despite
therapy, tumor increases in size and he dies 6 months later. The progressive tumor
growth is due to a defect in cell cycle arrest in which of the following phases of cell
cycle? -Answer- G1
28 year old – lived in sub-Saharan Africa – until he came to the US. Temp of 100.4 –
imaging shows bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Biopsy shows marked fibrosis
and scattered granulomas. DX? -Answer- Schistosomiasis
A couple with a family history of a-thalassemia. Woman has one gene deletion and man
has two gene deletion. If the two gene is trans – what percentage of offspring will have a
two gene deletion? -Answer- 50%
previously healthy 40 year brought to emergency department by her husband – 2 day
history of fever, lethargy, confusion. PE shows scattered petechiae and ecchymoses
over the lower extremities – 3+ polychromasia and 3+ schistocytes and Low platelets
Dx? -Answer- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
16 year old boy – is admitted to the ER because of a knife wound to the left side of his
chest. An X-ray of the chest shows an air-fluid level in the left side of the chest, partial
collapse of the left lung, and the elevation of the stomach bubble. The mediastinum is
midline. DX? -Answer- Hemopneumpothorax under tension
49 year old woman – coronary artery disease – BP 140\/90 – High Cholesterol, High LDL
(190), High triglycerides (350) – TX with atorvastatin and losartan. What are the effects
on HDL and Triglycerides? -Answer- HDL increased
Triglycerides Decreased
73 yeare old – diffuse weakness and tingling of her arms and legs. Sensation and
vibration and position is decreased in all extremities. What vitamin deficiency? -Answer\u0002Vitamin B12 – (cyanocobalamin)
Tea and Toast – low B12 in diet
15 year old girl – 3 month history of acne – which is the underlying cause of the patients
acne? -Answer- Stimulation of Sebaceous Glands by androgens
b. ACNE = Propionibacterium ACNE
4 year old from Brazil – PE shows single 12x10cm lesion in the right side of jaw with
diffuse regular edges. Photomicrographs of an incisional biopsy (looks like Burkitts
Lymphoma\/ Starry night) – which of the processes most likely to occur in the region
indicated by the arrow? -Answer- Apoptosis
b. Endemic Burkitt lymphoma can happen in Brazil as well as Africa (jaw lesion, puffy
face).
51 year old – lump on tongue – 1 pack smoking history for 30 years. 1.5 cm mass on
apex of tongue. It is most appropriate to evaluate which lymph nodes first for evidence
of metastasis? -Answer- Submental
15 year old boy – ER – 2 hour history of confusion and agitation – fever, headache, stiff
neck, and vomiting – since returned from summer camp – patient is hallucinating –
lumbar puncture – shows cysts and trophozoites- most likely pathogen? -Answer- a.
Olfactory Nerve
Naegleria fowleri
17 year old – ED – 30 minutes after being found with a blank stare. Physical exam shows
rigidity. During exam he becomes hostile and assaults physician – Pt ingested which
drug? -Answer- PCP
Placebo controlled clinical trial – 5000 pts with essential hypertension. 2500 patients
receive new drug and 2500 patients receive placebo. If alpha is set at 0.01 instead of
0.05, which of the following is most likely result? -Answer- Significant findings can be
reported with greater confidence
17 year old – gymnast – comes to hospital because of lack of menstrual period for 6
months. BMI 15 Which is the cause of the amenorrhea? -Answer- Hypogonadotropic
Hypogonadism
A male stillborn is delivered at 32 weeks – Oligohydramnios – absence of a urethral
opening. Which is most likely finding? -Answer- Pulmonary Hypoplasia
A 6 day old – breast fed boy in ED – poor weight gain and irritability since delivery –
Physical exam shows jaundice and hepatomegaly. The concentration of which of the
following metabolites is most likely increased? -Answer- a. Galactose – 1 – phosphate
b. Congenital intolerance to breast milk
A 25-year-old man – comes to ED – severe muscle pain, diffuse, painful swelling of his
neck, underarms, and groin after camping in New Mexico Generalized scattered black
maculae. Examination of the right upper extremity shows erythematous, solid, tender
mass. Mass is draining blood and necrotic material. The most effective antibiotic for
patient disorder will interfere with which of the following processes? -Answer- a.
Ribosomal Assembly
b. Yersenia Pestis
45 year old – progressive weakness – muscle fasciculations of the upper extremities and
weakness of the lower extremity – What additional findings? -Answer- Atrophy
b. ALS = Lou Gherig
A new severe respiratory illness – Why use a killed vaccine vs a live vaccine? -Answer\u0002Avoids Concerns of reversion to virulence
b. Killed vaccines – avoids reversion to virulence<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
62 year old woman – osteoporosis – a bisphosphonate is prescribed. The expectedbeneficial effect of the drug is due to which of the following? -Answer- DecreasedOsteoclast ActivityCohot Study of elderly women – relative risk ratio for hip fractures among those whoexercise regularly is 1.2 (95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 1.8). Which of the following […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119659\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}