{"id":119917,"date":"2023-09-16T21:26:33","date_gmt":"2023-09-16T21:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=119917"},"modified":"2023-09-16T21:26:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T21:26:35","slug":"ifsta-essentials-of-fire-fighting-7th-addition-all-chapters-plus-final-exam-2023-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/16\/ifsta-essentials-of-fire-fighting-7th-addition-all-chapters-plus-final-exam-2023-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"IFSTA\/Essentials of Fire Fighting 7th Addition all chapters plus final exam 2023\/2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition: Chapter 1<br>Study guide<br>The mission of the fire service is usually mandated by law or ordinance enacted by<br>the: &#8211; ANSWER Authority having juristiction.<br>A fire department that provides a varitey of public services such as fire<br>suppression and emergency medical services in a coordinated manner is<br>employing a(an)<strong><em>__<\/em><\/strong> approach. &#8211; ANSWER<br>All-hazard concept<br>What is the most common type of fire department organizational structure? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Scalar Organization (based on rank).<br>Which fire department principle refers to an individual&#8217;s responsibility to follow<br>orders and a department&#8217;s responsibility to provide leadership? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Discipline<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most fire and emergency services organization in North America are funded by<br>the community through taxes and fees, so they are considered to be <strong><em>__<\/em><\/strong><br>organizations. &#8211; ANSWER Public<br>Combination fire departments refer to those that are: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Staffed by a mixture of career and volunteer firefighters.<br>What is the basic unit of firefighting operations called? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Company<br>Which type of specialized fire company generally performs forcible entry,<br>performs ventilation, and provides access to upper levels of a structure? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Truck\/Ladder Company<br>Which type of specialized fire company is in charge of extinguishing ground cover<br>or grass fires? &#8211; ANSWER Brush Company<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7 question<br>bank<br>Which product of combustion acts as a chemical asphyxiant by excluding oxygen<br>from the blood, leading to hypoxia of the brain and tissues?<br>A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)<br>B) Carbon monoxide (CO)<br>C) Aerosolized fuel particles<br>D) Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) &#8211; ANSWER<br>B<br>Combustion can occur within a range of concentration of fuel vapor and air; this<br>range is referred to as the:<br>A) vapor pressure range.<br>B) surface to mass range.<br>C) flammable (explosive) range.<br>D) oxidation (combustion) range. &#8211; ANSWER<br>C<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which statement describes the factor that MOST influences compartment fire<br>development?<br>A) Whether the fire is fuel-limited or ventilation-limited<br>B) Whether the fuel is cellulose-based or petroleum-based<br>C) Ratio of square footage to ceiling height of the compartment<br>D) Ambient temperature and wind speed outside the compartment &#8211;<br>ANSWER A<br>An extinguishing agent, such as dry chemical or Halon-replacement agent,<br>terminates the combustion reaction by:<br>A) cutting off the oxygen supply to the fuel.<br>B) interfering with the chemical chain reaction.<br>C) cooling the fuel below the ignition temperature.<br>D) reacting with the fuel to create a fire-resistant layer. &#8211; ANSWER<br>B<br>Materials that burn at normal oxygen levels will burn more intensely in <strong>_<\/strong><br>atmospheres.<br>A) flaming<br>B) nonflaming<br>C) oxygen-enriched<br>D) oxygen-deficient &#8211; ANSWER C<br>Which situation would likely be granted an exception to the rule that prohibits<br>filling an unshielded air cylinder while a firefighter is wearing the SCBA?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A) The SCBA was manufactured within the past five to ten years.<br>B) A rapid intervention crew (RIC) is rescuing a trapped or incapacitated<br>firefighter.<br>C) The firefighter filling the empty cylinder is wearing full structural personal<br>protective equipment.<br>D) A firefighter with a higher rank than the firefighter wearing the SCBA cylinder is<br>available to perform the refill. &#8211; ANSWER<br>B<br>What is a general safety precaution to take when refilling an SCBA cylinder?<br>A) Wear full structural fire fighting PPE.<br>B) Fill the cylinder as quickly as possible.<br>C) Perform a hydrostatic test on the cylinder.<br>D) Check the hydrostatic test date of the cylinder. &#8211; ANSWER<br>D<br>Which piece of information must be included on the permanent compliance label<br>inside each piece of PPE?<br>A) Firefighter&#8217;s name<br>B) Department name<br>C) Cleaning precautions<br>D) Wearing instructions &#8211; ANSWER C<br>Which type of breathing air source would be found inside a high-rise building?<br>A) Stationary fill system<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B) Auto-cascade fill system<br>C) High-rise specific cascade system<br>D) Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment System &#8211; ANSWER<br>D<br>Annual SCBA inspections and maintenance should be performed by:<br>A) a company officer.<br>B) all available firefighters.<br>C) specially trained, factory-qualified technicians.<br>D) the highest-ranking fire department personnel. &#8211; ANSWER<br>C<br>After each use, the SCBA facepiece should be:<br>A) cleaned, dried, and placed out of service.<br>B) washed with warm water and a mild disinfectant.<br>C) sanitized using a machine built specifically for facepieces.<br>D) sent to the manufacturer for a commercial-grade cleaning. &#8211; ANSWER<br>B<br>When donning an unmounted SCBA, the SCBA unit should be:<br>A) stored in an outside compartment of the apparatus.<br>B) placed on the ground with all of the straps extended.<br>C) stored in a specialized compartment inside the apparatus.<br>D) placed behind the firefighter with all of the straps tightened. &#8211; ANSWER<br>B<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7 Block 1 Test<br>Review<br>Covering Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13 &amp; 21<br>(pages 962-964)<br>What is the mission of the fire service?<br>a. Completely eliminate the occurrence of fires in residential structures<br>b. Protect personal and public property from fire and disrepair<br>c. Save lives and protect property and the environment from fires and other<br>hazardous situations<br>d. Employ the all-hazard approach to providing community protection &#8211;<br>ANSWER c. Save lives and protect property and the<br>environment from fires and other hazardous situations<br>When operating at highway\/roadway incident scenes, apparatus lights:<br>Select one:<br>a. provide effective traffic control.<br>b. can confuse motorists and make the situation more hazardous.<br>c. will assist with eliminating the hazard.<br>d. provide adequate scene lighting for most operations. &#8211; ANSWER<br>b. can confuse motorists and make the situation more hazardous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is the main purpose of a fire department member assistance program<br>(MAP)?<br>Select one:<br>a. Help eliminate the need for personal counseling<br>b. Allow firefighters to continue working regular shifts after a major illness or<br>injury<br>c. Help members who are facing financial hardship<br>d. Offer easily accessible, confidential assistance with personal problems that<br>affect job performance &#8211; ANSWER d. Offer<br>easily accessible, confidential assistance with personal problems that affect job<br>performance<br>In the most common type of fire department organizational structure,:<br>Select one:<br>a. firefighters of all different ranks share equal decision-making authority.<br>b. decisions and information are directed from the fire chief down through the<br>intermediate levels.<br>c. decisions and information are passed from the base up through the<br>intermediate levels to the fire chief.<br>d. a fire department safety officer ranks above everyone else in the department. &#8211;<br>ANSWER b. decisions and information are directed<br>from the fire chief down through the intermediate levels.<br>Which duty is a Fire Fighter I expected to perform?<br>Select one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Providing ropes and knots training to new recruits<br>b. Overseeing personnel at an incident scene<br>c. Performing fire suppression activities at an airport<br>d. Forcing entry into a structure &#8211; ANSWER d.<br>Forcing entry into a structure<br>Written regulations such as an organization&#8217;s policies and procedures clarify<br>expectations and:<br>Select one:<br>a. create personnel schedules.<br>b. award promotions.<br>c. delegate authority.<br>d. organize the budget. &#8211; ANSWER c. delegate<br>authority.<br>The basic unit of firefighting operations is called a:<br>Select one:<br>a. battalion.<br>b. company.<br>c. response district.<br>d. local division. &#8211; ANSWER b. company.<br>What are personnel accountability systems designed to do?<br>Select one:<br>a. Track personnel training and promotional records<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Document incident near misses and injuries<br>c. Organize preincident plans and site surveys<br>d. Track personnel in and out of the IDLH environment &#8211; ANSWER<br>d. Track personnel in and out of the IDLH environment<br>What does it mean to practice situational awareness on the fireground?<br>Select one:<br>a. Following the IC&#8217;s orders without question<br>b. Performing all duties to the best of your ability<br>c. Being observant about hazards and changing conditions<br>d. Creating a strategic plan of attack for fire suppression &#8211; ANSWER<br>c. Being observant about hazards and changing conditions<br>Which statement describes the difference in the roles of a Fire Fighter I and a Fire<br>Fighter II?<br>Select one:<br>a. A Fire Fighter I can only assume command at a structural fire scene, but a Fire<br>Fighter II can assume command at any type of emergency incident.<br>b. A Fire Fighter I can oversee a maximum of five personnel, but a Fire Fighter II<br>can oversee any number of personnel.<br>c. A fire Fighter II works under the direct supervision of a Fire Fighter I or other<br>Fire Fighter II.<br>d. A Fire Fighter I works under the direct supervision of a Fire Fighter II or<br>company officer. &#8211; ANSWER d. A Fire Fighter I<br>works under the direct supervision of a Fire Fighter II or company officer.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition &#8211; Chapter<br>12: Fire hose<br>Which type of hose transports water from the pumping apparatus to the nozzle<br>where it is applied to the fire? (541) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Attack hose<br>A fire hose is labeled according to the: (541) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Size of its inside diameter<br>Which type of hose is designed to connect the pumping apparatus to a<br>pressurized water source, such as a hydrant? (542) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Large diameter soft sleeve hose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why is it advantageous for departments to use hose with national standard<br>threaded couplings? (544) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Different departments that respond together can connect their hose sections<br>without adapters<br>A male hose coupling: (544) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Has the thread on the exterior<br>The part of the coupling where it attaches to the hose is called the: (544) &#8211;<br>ANSWER Shank<br>The <strong><em>_<\/em><\/strong> on a coupling is a flattened angle at the end of the threads that<br>helps prevent cross-threading when connecting couplings. (544) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Higbee cut<br>What is the purpose of lugs on a fire hose coupling? (545) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Aid in tightening and loosening connections<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th EDITION ALL<br>CHAPTERS<br>The formal line of authority, responsibility, and communication within an<br>organization &#8211; ANSWER chain of<br>command (P. 14)<br>When an employee reports directly to just one supervisor. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Unity of Command (P. 14)<br>Span of Control &#8211; ANSWER 3 to 7.<br>Optimal 5 (P. 14)<br>Personnel that deliver emergency services to the public. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Line Personnel (P. 16)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Personnel that provide administrative and logistical support for line personnel. &#8211;<br>ANSWER Staff Personnel (P. 16)<br>Guide to decision-making within an organization. Sets boundaries and establish<br>standards of conduct. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Policy (P. 21)<br>Detailed written plans that list specific steps for approaching a recurring<br>problem\/situation. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Procedure (P. 21)<br>SOP vs SOG? &#8211; ANSWER SOP &#8211;<br>Standard Operating Procedure : Hard and Fast Rules<br>SOG &#8211; Standard Operating Guideline : allows firefighters some leeway in particular<br>situations<br>(P. 21)<br>Incident Priorities? (3) &#8211; ANSWER Life<br>safety, incident stabilization, property conservation (P. 23)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How often should PPE be cleaned? (Per IFSTA) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Twice annually and after every exposure to smoke. (P. 29)<br>Acute Illnesses VS Chronic Illnesses? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Acute Illnesses (colds\/viruses) last only a few days<br>Chronic illnesses (cancer\/diabetes) are long-lasting and can even be fatal<br>(P. 31)<br>How should apparatus be mounted\/dismounted? &#8211; ANSWER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>3 points of contact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facing Apparatus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using handholds<br>(P. 38)<br>Personnel who are directly involved in disposing of the problem are allowed to<br>enter this zone. &#8211; ANSWER Hot Zone<br>(P. 40)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Personnel who are directly supporting personnel. Personnel in this zone are also<br>in full protective clothing. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Warm Zone (P. 40-41)<br>This zone may include incident command posts, rapid intervention crews, PIO,<br>rehabilitation and staging (crews and equipment). &#8211; ANSWER<br>Cold Zone (P. 41)<br>How should scene lighting be positioned on roadways? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Directed toward the scene, not into the eyes of approaching drivers. (P. 42)<br>Electrical wires in contact with the ground, causing current to flow outward in all<br>directions. &#8211; ANSWER Ground Gradient<br>(P. 45) (Definition: P.48)<br>How far away should you be from a downed power line? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Approximately 2 poles away (P. 45)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition &#8211; Chapter<br>8: Ground ladders<br>The lowest, widest section of an extension ladder that always maintains contact<br>with the ground while the ladder is being raised is the: (315) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Bed section<br>Which part of a ladder is placed on the ground when the ladder is positioned?<br>(315) &#8211; ANSWER Butt<br>The moveable upper part of an extension ladder that is raised to various heights is<br>called the: (315) &#8211; ANSWER Fly section<br>Swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder are called: (315) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Footpads<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong><em>__<\/em><\/strong> is the rope or cable used to raise the upper sections of an<br>extension ladder. (316) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Halyard<br>What are the pawls (dogs) of a ladder designed to do? (316) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Hold the fly section in place after it has been extended<br>For which task would a single ladder be used? (318) &#8211; ANSWER<br>To reach someone trapped in a 6-foot (2 m) trench<br>What feature does a roof ladder have that a single ladder does not have? (318) &#8211;<br>ANSWER Hooks used to secure it over the<br>tope of the roof&#8217;s ridge line<br>For which of the following would a roof ladder be a better choice to use than a<br>single or extension ladder? (318) &#8211; ANSWER<br>Providing a stable surface on which a firefighter can stand when ventilating a roof<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition: Chapter 2<br>Communications study guide.<br>Which is a guideline to follow when answering non emergency calls? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Identify yourself and your<br>department, station, or unit.<br>If you cannot answer a caller&#8217;s question when handling a non emergency call, you<br>should: &#8211; ANSWER Refer them to someone<br>who can answer the question.<br>What should you do if someone that is angry or upset calls the station? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Remain calm and never become<br>confrontational.<br>Which type to telecommunications system is a dispatch center run directly by the<br>fire department, emergency medical service, or law enforcement agency? &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ANSWER Emergency Service specific<br>telecommunications center.<br>Which type of telecommunications system is a central location that routes all<br>emergency calls to the appropriate fire, emergency medical, or law enforcement<br>dispatcher? &#8211; ANSWER Public Safety<br>Answering Point<br>How do enhanced 9-1-1 system function to aid in emergency communications? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Combine telephone and computer<br>equipment to provide the dispatcher with the caller&#8217;s phone number and location<br>Which piece of communications center equipment is used to communicate with<br>mobile and portable radios at the emergency scene? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Two-way radio system.<br>A TDD or Teletype system in a fire department communications center is used to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ANSWER receive calls from individuals<br>with hearing impairments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Chapter Test 4 (IFSTA<br>7th Edition)<br>Fires involve a heat-producing chemical reaction between fuel and: (117) [4.3.11]<br>A. a catalyst.<br>B. an oxidizer.<br>C. free radicals.<br>D. a reducing agent. &#8211; ANSWER B.<br>an oxidizer<br>When a substance changes from one type of matter into another, such as two or<br>more substances combining to form compounds, the substance undergoes a:<br>(118) [4.3.11]<br>A. dissolution.<br>B. metamorphosis.<br>C. chemical reaction.<br>D. physiological change. &#8211; ANSWER<br>C. chemical reaction<br>Which statement about energy and combustion is accurate? (120) [4.3.11]<br>A. A fuel&#8217;s chemical energy is the result of rapid vibrations in the molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B. Chemical and physical changes almost never involve an exchange of energy.<br>C. A fuel&#8217;s potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic<br>energy.<br>D. Chemical changes involve an exchange of energy; physical changes involve no<br>energy exchange. &#8211; ANSWER C. A<br>fuel&#8217;s potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic energy.<br>Which element of the fire tetrahedron is included to explain flaming (gas-phase)<br>combustion? (120) [4.3.11]<br>A. Fuel<br>B. Heat<br>C. Oxygen<br>D. Chemical chain reaction &#8211; ANSWER<br>D. Chemical chain reaction<br>What occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat<br>source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction?<br>(120) [4.3.11]<br>A. Autoignition<br>B. Piloted ignition<br>C. Kinetic ignition<br>D. Sustained ignition &#8211; ANSWER B.<br>Piloted ignition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to<br>start self-sustained combustion is known as the: (122) [4.3.11]<br>A. autoignition temperature (AIT).<br>B. piloted ignition temperature (PIT).<br>C. lower explosive (flammable) limit (LEL).<br>D. upper explosive (flammable) limit (UEL). &#8211; ANSWER<br>A. autoignition temperature (AIT).<br>What causes flaming combustion to occur? (123) [4.3.11]<br>A. A solid fuel encounters an open flame and entrain enough air to ignite.<br>B. A gaseous fuel encounters an external heat source and experience piloted<br>ignition.<br>C. A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition<br>temperature.<br>D. A solid fuel mixes with an adequate amount of liquid fuel to be able to sustain<br>an open burning flame. &#8211; ANSWER<br>C. A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition<br>temperature.<br>What is the cause of most fire deaths? (124) [4.3.10, 4.3.11]<br>A. Injuries caused by falling materials or structural collapse<br>B. Exposure to toxic gases found in smoke and\/or lack of oxygen<br>C. Exposure to extreme heat and\/or contact with flames and hot surfaces<br>D. Accidental injuries sustained during escape and\/or evacuation procedures &#8211;<br>ANSWER B. Exposure to toxic gases<br>found in smoke and\/or lack of oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th ch.14<br>When firefighters apply water to the hot gas layer in a compartment, it will: &#8211;<br>ANSWER Reduce the radient heat flux from<br>the upper layer<br>What can happen if excess steam is produced inside the structure as a result of<br>applying water on the fire? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Disruption of thermal layering<br>In which situation would fuel removal be a likely method of extinguishment. &#8211;<br>ANSWER Grass fire (ground cover fire)<br>Closing the valve on a natural gas tank to stop the emission of gaseous fuel would<br>be an example of: &#8211; ANSWER Fuel removal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a fire fighter controls doors and windows during fire attack, it is an example<br>of: &#8211; ANSWER Oxygen exclusion<br>Clean agents extinguish fire by: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Interrupting the combustion reaction<br>If you&#8217;re positioned to make fire attack, which condition would be important<br>tocommunicate to your supervisor or IC &#8211; ANSWER<br>Smoke that changes from grey to black<br>Firefighters should ensure that pass devices are on and operating properly: &#8211;<br>ANSWER Before entering the structure<br>Which tool or piece of equipment is a member of a fire attack team likely to carry<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ANSWER Hand light<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA ESSENTIALS OF FIRE<br>FIGHTING 7th Edition Chapter 10<br>A &#8220;MAYDAY&#8221; is called when:<br>Select one:<br>a. unconscious victims are located.<br>b. a firefighter is in immediate danger.<br>c. there is a partial roof collapse.<br>d. hazardous materials are found in a structure. &#8211; ANSWER<br>b. a firefighter is in immediate danger.<br>A tracking device set to search mode:<br>Select one:<br>a. makes noise to alert rescuers to the downed firefighter&#8217;s location.<br>b. is only activated when a PASS device fails.<br>c. displays the distance and direction toward another receiver.<br>d. will not transmit a signal through walls, floors, or other solid objects &#8211;<br>ANSWER c. displays the distance and<br>direction toward another receiver.<br>After locating a downed firefighter in an IDLH atmosphere, what is the RIC&#8217;s<br>priority?<br>Select one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Rescuing other victims<br>b. Extinguishing the fire<br>c. Exiting the IDLH atmosphere<br>d. Stabilizing the firefighter&#8217;s injuries &#8211; ANSWER<br>c. Exiting the IDLH atmosphere<br>An advantage of marking with latch straps is that they:<br>Select one:<br>a. prevent the door from closing.<br>b. are more visible than other types of markers.<br>c. keep the door closed.<br>d. are more fire resistant than other types of markers &#8211; ANSWER<br>a. prevent the door from closing.<br>An atmosphere is considered hazardous if it contains a hazardous gas in excess of<br>10 percent of the hazardous material&#8217;s:<br>Select one:<br>a. flammability threshold.<br>b. lower explosive limit.<br>c. upper combustible limit (UCL).<br>d. ignition range. &#8211; ANSWER b.<br>lower explosive limit.<br>Before entering an IDLH environment, you must:<br>Select one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA ESSENTIALS OF<br>FIRE FIGHTING 7th Edition<br>Chapter 5<br>Airborne pathogens may cause illness through inhalation or:<br>Select one:<br>a. adsorption.<br>b. direct contact.<br>c. absorption.<br>d. ingestion &#8211; ANSWER Select one:<br>a. adsorption.<br>b. direct contact.*<br>c. absorption.<br>d. ingestion<br>After each use, the SCBA facepiece should be:<br>Select one:<br>a. sanitized using a machine built specifically for<br>facepieces.<br>b. washed with warm water and a mild disinfectant.<br>c. cleaned, dried, and placed out of service.<br>d. sent to the manufacturer for a commercial-grade<br>cleaning. &#8211; ANSWER Select one:<br>a. sanitized using a machine built specifically for<br>facepieces.<br>b. washed with warm water and a mild disinfectant.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. cleaned, dried, and placed out of service.<br>d. sent to the manufacturer for a commercial-grade<br>cleaning.<br>Fire fighting boots must be:<br>Select one:<br>a. high enough to protect the lower leg.<br>b. made completely of high-grade rubber.<br>c. made completely of reinforced leather.<br>d. low enough to expose the ankles. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Select one:<br>a. high enough to protect the lower leg.*<br>b. made completely of high-grade rubber.<br>c. made completely of reinforced leather.<br>d. low enough to expose the ankles.<br>Factors that firefighters have the most control over that affect<br>the success of SCBA use include physical condition, agility,<br>and:<br>Select one:<br>a. tasks assigned.<br>b. lung capacity.<br>c. cylinder size.<br>d. experience in similar situations. &#8211; ANSWER<br>Select one:<br>a. tasks assigned.<br>b. lung capacity.*<br>c. cylinder size.<br>d. experience in similar situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firefighters should wear SCBA in hazardous atmospheres,<br>because exposure to particulate contaminants such as <strong>_<\/strong><br>can cause lung cancer or cardiovascular disease.<br>Select one:<br>a. oil or fuel residue<br>b. vehicle exhaust emissions<br>c. ammonium chloride<br>d. carbon dioxide &#8211; ANSWER Select<br>one:<br>a. oil or fuel residue<br>b. vehicle exhaust emissions*<br>c. ammonium chloride<br>d. carbon dioxide<br>How can a firefighter help ensure that they will not be affected<br>by limitations caused by equipment that is in poor condition?<br>Select one:<br>a. Frequent inspections and maintenance<br>b. Physical fitness and endurance training<br>c. Proper facepiece fit testing<br>d. Repeated training with the SCBA unit &#8211; ANSWER<br>Select one:<br>a. Frequent inspections and maintenance*<br>b. Physical fitness and endurance training<br>c. Proper facepiece fit testing<br>d. Repeated training with the SCBA unit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition Chapter 4:<br>Fire Dynamics<br>True or False: Oxidizers affect a fire because they are combustible &#8211; ANSWER<br>False. Oxidizers are not combustible but will support or enhance combustion<br>Physical science is the study of what two things? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Matter and energy<br>Oxidation &#8211; ANSWER A chemical<br>reaction involving the combination of an oxidizer, such as oxygen in the air, with<br>other materials.<br>Energy &#8211; ANSWER The capacity to<br>perform work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Work &#8211; ANSWER This occurs when a<br>force is applied to an object over a distance or when a substance undergoes a<br>chemical, biological, or physical change. In the case of heat, work means<br>increasing a substance&#8217;s temperature<br>Potential Energy &#8211; ANSWER The<br>amount of energy that an object can release at some point in the future. Stored<br>energy<br>Heat of Combustion &#8211; ANSWER The<br>potential energy available for release in the combustion process<br>Kinetic Energy &#8211; ANSWER The energy<br>that a moving object possesses<br>What are the 7 types of energy? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Chemical<br>Thermal<br>Mechanical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Electrical<br>Light<br>Nuclear<br>Sound<br>How is energy measured in the International System of Units (SI)? &#8211; ANSWER<br>With joules<br>How many joules is required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1<br>degree Celsius? &#8211; ANSWER 4.2J<br>In the customary system, the unit of measurement for heat is what? &#8211;<br>ANSWER The British Thermal Unit (Btu)<br>What is the British thermal unit? &#8211; ANSWER<br>The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1<br>degree Fahrenheit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition &#8211; Chapter 9:<br>Forcible entry<br>The technique used in structural forcible entry: &#8211; ANSWER<br>should do minimal damage and provide quick access<br>Which factor affects the decision of where to force entry? &#8211; ANSWER<br>how forcible entry will affect ventilation<br>Before performing forcible entry at a commercial or industrial occupancy, a<br>firefighter should &#8220;try before you pry&#8221; and: &#8211; ANSWER<br>look for a lock box near the main entrance<br>Security barriers such as bars grilles, and lexan windows: &#8211; ANSWER<br>require specialized training and tools to force<br>Which is an unsafe action that can cause injury to firefighters? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Using a cutting tool to cut a material for which it was not designed<br>Which forcible entry task is a pick-head axe well suited to perform&gt; &#8211; ANSWER<br>remove shingles and other roof coverings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike a pick-head axe, a flat-head axe can be used to: &#8211; ANSWER<br>strike another tool to force it through a doorjamb<br>Manual bolt cutters cannot cut hasps, padlocks shackles, or: &#8211; ANSWER<br>high-security chains<br>What is required for forcible entry operations involving cutting torches? &#8211;<br>ANSWER charged hose line standing by<br>Which tool would be helpful when performing forcible entry in an area with<br>limited space? &#8211; ANSWER handsaw<br>Never use a power saw: &#8211; ANSWER in a<br>flammable atmosphere<br>When using a rotary saw to cut metal, firefighters should: &#8211; ANSWER<br>have a charged hose line nearby<br>Which type of tools act as a lever to provide mechanical advantage when opening<br>doors and windows or moving heavy objects? &#8211; ANSWER<br>prying tools<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition Chapter Test 3 |<br>Questions and Answers Graded A+ 2023<br>with regard to local building codes, firefighters should be aware that: &#8211;<br>ANSWER an AHJ can amend model building codes to<br>meet local needs<br>type <em>__<\/em> can be expected to remain structurally stable longer than other types<br>during firie &#8211; ANSWER I<br>when responding to a fire in a type I construction building, firefighters should be<br>aware that: &#8211; ANSWER the roof may be<br>extremely difficult to penetrate<br>type II construction buildings are composed of: &#8211; ANSWER<br>noncombustible materials that do not add to the fuel load<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>in a type III construction building, the interior walls, columns, beams, floors, and<br>roofs are completely or partially constructed of: &#8211; ANSWER<br>wood<br>what condition often found in type III construction buildings is likely to negatively<br>influence fire behavior? &#8211; ANSWER void<br>spaces between wall studs<br>type IV buildings are resistant to structural collapse because of the : &#8211;<br>ANSWER mass of the heavy timber structural<br>members<br>which characteristics of Type IV construction buildings can contribute to the<br>intensity of a fire once it starts? &#8211; ANSWER<br>high concentration of wood<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>which construction classification includes buildings with exterior load bearing<br>walls composed entirely of wood and is commonly referred to as wood frame<br>construction ? &#8211; ANSWER type V<br>type V construction buildings may have veneer of stucco, brick, or stone that: &#8211;<br>ANSWER provides little fire protection<br>the most common type of factory built home that firefighters will encounter is the<br><em>__<\/em> home &#8211; ANSWER moble<br>what is one construction requirement of newer factory build homes that has<br>helped to reduce fire loss and residential fatalities? &#8211; ANSWER<br>gypsum board instead of wood paneling as an interior finish<br>which type of factory build homes are assembled on site from components<br>constructed of foam insulation sandwiched between sheets of plywood? &#8211;<br>ANSWER panelized homes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition Chapter Test 3 |<br>Questions and Answers Graded A+<br>2023\/2024<br>With regard to local building codes, firefighters should be aware that:<br>(78) [4.3.12]<br>A. an AHJ can amend model building codes to meet local needs.<br>B. most jurisdictions lack formalized building code requirements.<br>C. building codes are standardized across the United States and Canada.<br>D. local building codes must be modeled after the International Building Code\u00ae.<br>A<br>Type can be expected to remain structurally stable longer<br>than other types during a fire. (78) [4.3.12]<br>A. I<br>B. II<br>C. III<br>D. IV<br>A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When responding to a fire in a Type I construction building, firefighters should be<br>aware that: (78) [4.3.12]<br>A. the roof may be extremely difficult to penetrate.<br>B. the building will be vulnerable to rapid structural collapse.<br>C. steel structural members are likely to fail quickly under fire conditions.<br>D. industrial glues used in the construction process are highly flammable.<br>A<br>Type II construction buildings are composed of: (79) [4.3.12]<br>A. prefabricated wood components.<br>B. large-dimensioned lumber or laminated wood.<br>C. metal and wood components that increase the fuel load.<br>D. noncombustible materials that do not add to the fuel load.<br>D<br>In a Type III construction building, the interior walls, columns,<br>beams, floors, and roofs are completely or partially constructed of:<br>(79) [4.3.12]<br>A. steel.<br>B. wood.<br>C. gypsum.<br>D. concrete.<br>B<br>What condition often found in Type III construction buildings is likely<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>to negatively influence fire behavior? (79) [4.3.12]<br>A. Void spaces between wall studs<br>B. Large-dimensioned wood beams<br>C. Concrete roofs that are difficult to penetrate<br>D. Reinforced concrete columns and decorative arches<br>A<br>Type IV buildings are resistant to structural collapse because of the:<br>(81) [4.3.12]<br>A. use of open-web floor joists.<br>B. use of noncombustible interior finishes.<br>C. thickness of the reinforced concrete walls.<br>D. mass of the heavy timber structural members.<br>D<br>Which characteristic of Type IV construction buildings can contribute<br>to the intensity of a fire once it starts? (81) [4.3.12]<br>A. Precast concrete columns<br>B. High concentration of wood<br>C. Many voids or concealed spaces<br>D. Unprotected steel framing members<br>B<br>Which construction classification includes buildings with exterior load<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA Final Exam<br>2023\/2024<br>What organization formed in 1896 develops codes and standards to ensure fire<br>and life safety for the public? &#8211; ANSWER<br>D. NFPA<br>What type of company is responsible for forcible entry? &#8211; ANSWER<br>A. Truck company<br>Which of the following is a minimum requirement for protective clothing and<br>equipment as established by NFPA 1500? &#8211; ANSWER<br>C. Protective equipment must meet current NFPA design standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to NFPA 1500 emergency operations are limited to &#8211; ANSWER<br>B. those that can be safely conducted by personnel on scene.<br>The concept of risk management is based on an assessment of benefits gained<br>compared to the &#8211; ANSWER A. Risks<br>involved<br>The area that must be kept clear in case a piece of a structure collapses during an<br>incident is called the: &#8211; ANSWER C.<br>collapse zone<br>Which of the following is the best description of personnel accountability<br>systems? &#8211; ANSWER D. Systems that<br>assist in keeping track of firefighters at an emergency scene<br>Which of the following is a type of public alerting system? &#8211; ANSWER<br>D. Wired telegraph circuit box<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the following is a repeater system that uses two radio frequencies for<br>communications? &#8211; ANSWER D. halfduplex<br>Manufactured homes built before 1976 have less <strong>_<\/strong> than those of current<br>homes. &#8211; ANSWER B. Fire resistance<br>What part of a roof&#8217;s construction can be manufactured from smaller pieces of<br>wood or light gauge steel? &#8211; ANSWER<br>D. Lightweight construction support system<br>What building component may be mounted over doors and windows to prevent<br>illegal entry? &#8211; ANSWER D. Security<br>bars or grilles<br>Additions to the structure, replacing fire escapes with enclosed stairways, and<br>removing non-load-bearing walls are all types of: &#8211; ANSWER<br>C. permitted structural modifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA\/Essentials of Fire<br>Fighting 7th Addition &#8211;<br>Chapter 4<br>Fires involve a heat producing chemical reaction between fuel and: &#8211; ANSWER<br>An oxidizer<br>When a substance changes from one type of matter into another, such as two or<br>more substances combining to form compounds, the substance undergoes a: &#8211;<br>ANSWER Chemical reaction<br>Which statement about energy and combustion is accurate? &#8211; ANSWER<br>A fuels potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic<br>energy<br>Which element of the fire tetrahedron is included to explain flaming (gas-phase)<br>combustion? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Chemical chain reaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen and counter and external heat<br>source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Piloted ignition<br>The minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to<br>start self-sustained combustion is known as the: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Autoignition temperature (AIT)<br>What causes flaming combustion to occur? &#8211; ANSWER<br>A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition<br>temperature<br>What is the cause of most fire deaths? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Exposure to toxic gases found in smoke and\/or lack of oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which statement about the dangers of products of combustion is accurate? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Low oxygen<br>concentration alone can result in hypoxia or death<br>Which products of combustion access a chemical asphyxiant by excluding oxygen<br>from the blood, leading to hypoxia of the brain and tissues? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Carbon monoxide (CO)<br>Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a product of combustion that: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Targets the brain after being inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body<br>How does a compartment fire affect pressure in and around gases in the<br>compartment? &#8211; ANSWER Heat<br>from a fire increases the pressure of the surrounding gases<br>What is the measurement of the average kinetic energy in the particles of a<br>sample of matter? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Temperature<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition Chapter<br>13: Hose Operations and Hose<br>Streams 2023\/2024<br>NFPA 1001 uses what term to refer to a stream of water produced from a hose? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Fire Stream<br>In general, what are fire hydrant bonnets, barrels, and foot pieces made of? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Cast iron<br>The internal working parts of a hydrant are made of what? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Bronze<br>The valve facings of hydrants are made of what? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Rubber, leather, or composite materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The primary types of hydrants used in North America are what? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Dry barrel and Wet barrel<br>Hydrants are considered standard if they contain what two components? &#8211;<br>ANSWER (1) At least one large (4 or 4<br>1\/2&#8243;) outlet referred to as the pumper outlet nozzle or steamer connection<br>(2) two hose outlet nozzles for 2 1\/2&#8243; couplings<br>Hydrant specifications require a <em>&#8221; valve opening for standard three-way hydrants and a <\/em>&#8221; connection to the water main &#8211; ANSWER<br>5&#8243;, 6&#8243;<br>NFPA 1963 &#8211; ANSWER Standard for<br>Fire Hose Connections<br>What NFPA number sets regulations for the number of threads per inch and<br>outside diameter of the male thread on hydrants? &#8211; ANSWER<br>NFPA 1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the 4 types of hose clamps? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Screw down<br>press down<br>hydraulic press<br>wildland hose clamps<br>How far away behind the apparatus should you apply the hose clamp? &#8211;<br>ANSWER At least 20 feet<br>How far from the coupling on the supply side should the hose clamp be applied? &#8211;<br>ANSWER About 5 feet<br>You should operate and inspect fire hydrants at least how often to verify reliable<br>function and address needed repairs? &#8211; ANSWER<br>At least once a year<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA 7th Edition Chapter 18: Foam<br>Fire Fighting, Liquid Fires, and Gas<br>Fires<br>How does firefighting foam work? &#8211; ANSWER<br>By forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning fuels &#8211; both liquid and<br>solid<br>What are the 4 methods that firefighting foam extinguishes and\/or prevents<br>ignition of fire? &#8211; ANSWER Separating<br>Cooling<br>Smothering<br>Penetrating<br>Seperating &#8211; ANSWER Creates a barrier<br>between the fuel gases and possible ignition sources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smothering &#8211; ANSWER Prevents air from<br>reaching the fuel and mixing with the vapors and prevents the release of<br>flammable vapors<br>Penetrating &#8211; ANSWER Lowers the surface<br>tension of water and allows it to penetrate fires in class A materials<br>Cooling &#8211; ANSWER Lowers the<br>temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces<br>True\/false: class A foam is intended for use in ordinary combustibles and<br>flammable liquids, but class B foam is intended for use of flammable liquids only &#8211;<br>ANSWER False: Class A is intended for<br>combustibles (class A fires) and Class B foam is intended for flammable liquids<br>How does class A foam work? &#8211; ANSWER<br>By cooling and penetrating the fuel. It lowers surface tension of water allowing<br>foam\/water to penetrate deeper into fuels to extinguish the fire. Works best on<br>porous fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA\/Essentials of Fire Fighting 7th<br>Addition &#8211; Chapter 5<br>Which piece of PPE can provide a secondary layer of eye protection in addition to<br>an SCBA facepiece? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Helmet faceshield<br>What is a function of station and work uniforms? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Identify wearer as a member of the fire department<br>While on duty, firefighters should avoid wearing: &#8211; ANSWER<br>clothing made of non-fire-resistant synthetic materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to avoid contaminating living quarters, <strong><em>_<\/em><\/strong> should not be worn<br>during emergency operations. &#8211; ANSWER<br>station footwear<br>All PPE designed for structural firefighting must meet the requirements of: &#8211;<br>ANSWER NFPA 1971<br>Which piece of information must be included on the permanent compliance label<br>inside each piece of PPE? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Cleaning precautions<br>What is structural PPE designed to do? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Cover all portions of skin while reaching, bending, or moving<br>In order to avoid contact burns and heat stress after leaving a heated<br>environment, firefighters should: &#8211; ANSWER<br>follow rehabilitation protocols and allow clothing to cool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which statement regarding the use of firefighting helmets is accurate? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Ear flaps must be<br>folded down, even if wearing a protective hood<br>During structural firefighting operations, primary eye protection is provided by: &#8211;<br>ANSWER The SCBA facepiece<br>Which piece of PPE is donned under the helmet and is designed to protect the<br>neck, ears, and face from exposure to heat, embers, and debris? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Protective hood<br>Which statement about structural firefighting protective coats is accurate? &#8211;<br>ANSWER The outer shell,<br>moisture barrier, and thermal barrier must always be worn together.<br>Which component of the protective coat is designed to make firefighters more<br>visible at night or in low light conditions? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Retroreflective trim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA\/Essentials of Fire<br>Fighting 7th Addition &#8211;<br>Chapter 7<br>According to NFPA 1983, what must be used to make a life safety rope? &#8211;<br>ANSWER Block creel construction<br>In order for life safety rope to be reused in life safety situations, it must NOT be: &#8211;<br>ANSWER Exposed to heat or direct flame<br>Light safety rope must be removed from service if it has been: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Subjected to an impact load<br>At an emergency incident, utility rope can be used for: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Creating a control zone perimeter<br>What is one disadvantage of synthetic fiber rope? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Melts when exposed to heat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synthetic Fiber Rope: &#8211; ANSWER has a<br>longer life span than natural fiber rope.<br>Natural fiber rope: &#8211; ANSWER should not<br>be used for life safety applications.<br>What is one advantage of natural fiber rope? &#8211; ANSWER<br>More resistant to sunlight than synthetic rope<br>Which type of rope is used as a belay line when there is a possibility that a victim<br>or fire fighter may fall a long distance while supported by the rope? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Dynamic kernmantle rope<br>Rope that is used exclusively for utility rope and is susceptible to abrasion and<br>damage because a large portion of the load-bearing strands are exposed is known<br>as: &#8211; ANSWER Laid rope<br>which type of rope is commonly used as utility rope and is constructed by<br>uniformly intertwining strands of rope together in a diagonally overlapping<br>pattern? &#8211; ANSWER Braided rope<br>Braid-on-braid rope is usually used: &#8211; ANSWER<br>as utility rope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFSTA\/Essentials of Fire<br>Fighting 7th Addition &#8211;<br>Chapter 3<br>With regards to local building codes, firefighters should be aware that: &#8211;<br>ANSWER An AHJ Can amend<br>model building codes to meet local needs<br>Type __ can be expected to remain structurally stable longer than other types<br>during a fire. &#8211; ANSWER 1<br>When responding to a fire in a Type l construction building, firefighters should be<br>aware that: &#8211; ANSWER The<br>roof may be extremely difficult to penetrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type ll construction buildings are composed of: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Non-combustible materials that do not add to the fuel load<br>In a Type lll construction building, the interior walls, columns, beams, floors, and<br>roofs are completely or partially constructed of: &#8211; ANSWER<br>Wood<br>What condition often found in Type lll construction buildings is likely to negatively<br>influence for your behavior? &#8211; ANSWER<br>Void spaces between wall studs<br>Type lV buildings are resistant to structural collapse because of the: &#8211; ANSWER<br>mass of the heavy timber structural members<br>Which characteristic of Type lV construction buildings can contribute to the<br>intensity of a fire once it starts? &#8211; ANSWER<br>High concentration of wood<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IFSTA 7th Edition: Chapter 1Study guideThe mission of the fire service is usually mandated by law or ordinance enacted bythe: &#8211; ANSWER Authority having juristiction.A fire department that provides a varitey of public services such as firesuppression and emergency medical services in a coordinated manner isemploying a(an)__ approach. &#8211; ANSWERAll-hazard conceptWhat is the most common [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119917"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119917\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}