{"id":120057,"date":"2023-09-20T10:38:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T10:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=120057"},"modified":"2023-09-20T10:38:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T10:38:04","slug":"pals-mega-bundle-pals-pals-mega-bundle-pals-final-exam-1-2-3-pals-exam-exam-1-exam-2-pals-pretest-pals-precourse-test-pals-post-test-pals-study-guide-1000-verified-questions-and-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/20\/pals-mega-bundle-pals-pals-mega-bundle-pals-final-exam-1-2-3-pals-exam-exam-1-exam-2-pals-pretest-pals-precourse-test-pals-post-test-pals-study-guide-1000-verified-questions-and-an\/","title":{"rendered":"PALS MEGA BUNDLE | PALS PALS MEGA BUNDLE | PALS Final Exam 1, 2, 3 | PALS Exam, Exam 1, Exam 2 | PALS Pretest | PALS Precourse Test | PALS post test | PALS Study Guide | 1000 VERIFIED Questions and Answers (Solved) GRADED A"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>PALS EXAM 1 ( UPDATED 2023 )<br>100 + VERIFIED Questions and Answers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Age classification for a neonate?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Birth + first 28 days of life<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Age classification of an infant?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; 28 days up to 1 year.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Age classification for a toddler?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; 1 to 2 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Age classification for a preschooler?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; 3 &#8211; 4 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Age classification for a school age child?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; 5 &#8211; 12 years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Signs for adolescent development for HCPs?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Signs of puberty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skin area of pediatrics are proportionately larger to their mass up<br>years.<br>ANSWER: &#8211; 10 years<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>sterior closes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"8\">\n<li>In pediatrics, the head accounts for approx. % of the total BSA.<br>ANSWER: -20%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increased BSA and thin subcutaneous fat in younger children complicates<br>regulation.<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Temperature regulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When does the anterior and posterior fontanelles close?: &#8211; Poafter<br>4 months.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Anterior diminishes by 6 months, but closes by 9 &#8211; 18 months.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"8\">\n<li>Depressed fontanelles can indicate .<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Dehydration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protruding fontanelles can indicate , which could<br>be caused by trauma and meningitis.<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Increased ICP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is an infants brain size by 30 months?<br>ANSWER: 75% of it&#8217;s adult size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During a trauma assessment of an infants c-spine and back, what should you be concerned of?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; A pediatric can have a spinal injury without an obviousspinal<br>fracture due to the flexibility of the bones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In pediatrics, what are 6 anatomical airway structures that we need to<br>consider for interventions and tx?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>ANSWER: 1. Narrow, funnel-shaped larynx due to underdeveloped cricoid<br>cartilage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>Larynx sits higher up and is more anterior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proportionally large, and floppy tongue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trachea is softer, more flexible, and more anterior<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>More smooth muscle makes the airway more reactive to spasms and vagal tone<br>(factory setting model).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Large and floppy epiglottis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At what age does the larynx become for rigid and tubular?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; 10 years old.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the primary muscle of inspiration?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Diaphragm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is a common traumatic injury to the lungs in pediatrics? Why?<br>ANSWER: -Pulmonary contusion more common due to underdeveloped lung<br>tissue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pediatric lower airway differences (4)?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Can become exhausted easily dueto underdeveloped accessory<br>muscles.<br>-use diaphragm to breathe<br>-consume more oxygen due to higher metabolic rate<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Small alveoli and lack of collateral ventilation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>What are the two abdominal organs we need to worry about in in pediatric<br>trauma?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Liver and the Spleen<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Exam ( UPDATED 2023 )<br>Completed 300 + Questions and Answers Included1) What is the duration of anticoagulation for Provoked or unprovoked<br>VTE&gt;=?<br>ANSWER: 3 months minimum<br>2) occurs when the force of your blood, pushing against the walls of yourblood<br>vessels\/arteries, is consistently too high.<br>ANSWER: Hypertension<br>3)Blood pressure is measured in units of<br>ANSWER: millimeters of mercury (mmHg)<br>4)In the heart, ventricles contract to force blood out of the heart<br>( ) and relax to refill the heart with blood ( )-<br>ANSWER: systolic pressure; diastolic pressure<br>5) What are the modifiable risk factors for hypertension?<br>ANSWER: Unhealthy dietLack of physical activity<br>Overweight\/obesity<br>Heavy alcohol usage<br>Comorbidities<br>Illicit drug use<br>Smoking<br>6) What are the unmodifiable risk factors for hypertension?: Family history<br>Race<br>Age<br>Sex<br>7) Hypertension is known as the silent killer because there are no obvioussigns<br>or symptoms. It can lead to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ANSWER: Heart Attack<br>Heart Failure<br>Kidney Failure<br>Vision Loss<br>Stroke<br>8) What is normal blood pressure?<br>ANSWER: Systolic: &lt;120AND<br>Diastolic: &lt;80<br>9) What is elevated blood pressure?<br>ANSWER: Systolic: 120-120AND<br>Diastolic: &lt;80<br>10) What is Stage I Hypertension?<br>ANSWER: Systolic: 130-139OR<br>Diastolic: 80-89<br>11) What is Stage II Hypertension?<br>ANSWER: Systolic: 140 or higherOR<br>Diastolic: 90 or higher<br>12) What is the goal blood pressure?<br>ANSWER: &lt;130\/ 80 mmHg<br>13) What are the anatomy of the stethoscope?<br>ANSWER: Eartips Binaural<br>Binaural Spring<br>Tube<br>Diaphragm<br>Bell<br>14) What are the initial pertinent questions to ask patient when taking blood<br>pressure?<br>ANSWER: 1. Have you ever been told that you have high blood pressure? Do you<br>take any medications for your high blood pressure?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>What is your usual blood pressure reading?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is your smoking status?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do you take any other medications(prescription medications, over-the counter<br>medications, herbal\/supplements)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the pertinent questions to ask before measuring blood pres-sure?<br>ANSWER: 1. Have you exercised within the last 30 minutes?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have you had any caffeine within the last 30 minutes?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have you smoked any cigarettes or used other forms of tobacco within the last<br>30 minutes?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Would you like to use the restroom before I check your blood pressure?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Did you take your blood pressure medication(s) this morning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What should be the patient&#8217;s position and posture when taking theirblood<br>pressure?<br>ANSWER: Seated for at least 5 minutes<br>Back supported<br>Legs uncrossed<br>Feet flat on the floor<br>Support the arm at heart level<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Where do you place the diaphragm to take the patient&#8217;s blood pressure?-<br>ANSWER: Medial side of the arm<br>Above the antecubital fossa (elbow pit)<br>Locate the brachial and artery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the treatment goals for VTE?<br>ANSWER: 1.Preventing thrombus expansionand embolization<br>2.Reducing risk of recurrence<br>3.Preventing long-term complications( Chronic venous insufficiency, Post-thrombotic syndrome)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What non-pharmacologic therapy for VTE increases velocity of venousblood<br>flow?<br>ANSWER: Compression stockings<br>Intermittent pneumatic compression devices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What non-pharmacologic therapy for VTE blocks embolization of throm-bus?<br>ANSWER: Inferior vena cava filter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the non-pharmacologic therapy for VTE?<br>ANSWER: Increasing velocity ofvenous blood flow<br>Blocking embolization of thrombus<br>Venous thrombectomy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the pharmacologic therapy forVTE?<br>ANSWER: Unfractionated heparin (UF)Low molecular weight hepartin (LMWH)<br>Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTI)<br>Vitamin K Antagnonist (VKA)<br>Factor Xa Inhibitors<br>Thrombolytics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>potentiates action of ATIII and inactivates thrombin and prevents conver- sion<br>of fibrinogen to fibrin. It will not dissolve formed clots, but will preventgrowth<br>ANSWER: Unfractionated Heparin and LMWH<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the uses of Unfractionated Heparin?<br>ANSWER: VTEACS\/UA<br>A. Fib.<br>catheter patency<br>PCI<br>TIA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the disadvantages of Unfractionated Heparin?<br>ANSWER: requires monitor-ing<br>UF&gt;HIT&lt;LMWH<br>fast onset\/offset<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the reversal agent for unfractionated heparin and LMWH?<br>ANSWER: prota-mine<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS EXAM 2 ( UPDATED 2023 )<br>100 + VERIFIED Questions and Answers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BP above 5th percentile for age formula<br>ANSWER: 70 mmHg + (age in years x 2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>signs of poor perfusion<br>ANSWER: cool extremities, AMS, weak pulses, skin pale-ness\/cyanosis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>universal rate for CPR<br>ANSWER: 100-120\/min<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compression-breath ratio<br>ANSWER: 30:2 if alone, 15:2 with another rescuer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>two thumb encircling hands technique is recommended when<br>ANSWER: CPR isprovided by 2 rescuers on an infant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>victims 8 years and older use AED<br>ANSWER: adult<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>repeat evaluate-identify-intervene until the child is stable:<br>ANSWER: after each inter-vention OR when the child&#8217;s condition changes or<br>deteriorates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABCDE + vital signs<br>ANSWER: airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>normal respiratory rates<br>ANSWER: infant: 30-53toddler: 22-37<br>preschooler: 20-28<br>school aged child: 18-25<br>adolescent: 12-20<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>irregular respiratory patterns may indicate:<br>ANSWER: neurologic problem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tachypnea in infants is generally the first sign of<br>ANSWER: respiratory distress<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>quiet tachypnea (no signs of increased respiratory effort) causes =<br>ANSWER: highfever, pain, anemia, cyanotic congenital heart disease, sepsis,<br>dehydration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bradypnea causes =<br>ANSWER: respiratory muscle fatigue, CNS injury, severe hypoxia,severe shock,<br>hypothermia, drugs that depress respiratory drive, muscle diseases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bradypnea or irregular respiratory rate often signals<br>ANSWER: impeding arrest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mild-moderate retraction locations:<br>ANSWER: subcostal, substernal, intercostal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>severe retraction locations:<br>ANSWER: supraclavicular, suprasternal, sternal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>head bobbing is a sign of<br>ANSWER: deterioration\/respiratory failure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>seesaw breathing<br>ANSWER: upper airway obstruction usually, sometimes severe lowerairway<br>obstruction, lung disease, !neuromuscular weakness!. very ineffecient wayof<br>breathing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>minute ventilation =<br>ANSWER: RR x tidal volume<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>grunting is a sign of<br>ANSWER: lung tissue disease resulting from small airway collapse,alveolar<br>collapse or both. may indicate severe respiratory distress or failure!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>normal pediatric heart rates: neonate<br>ANSWER: awake &#8211; 100-205, sleeping &#8211; 90-160infant: awake &#8211; 100-180,<br>sleeping &#8211; 90-160<br>toddler: awake &#8211; 98-140, sleeping &#8211; 80-120<br>preschooler: awake &#8211; 80-120, sleeping, 65100<br>school age child: awake &#8211; 75-118, sleeping 58-90<br>adolescent: awake &#8211; 60-100, sleeping 50-90<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>exaggeration of the difference in quality between central and peripheral<br>pulses occurs with<br>ANSWER: peripheral vasoconstriction is associated with shock<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Final Exam 1 ( Latest 2023 \u2013 2024 )<br>GRADED A+ Questions &amp; Answers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is nystagmus?<br>ANS: involuntary eye movement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What does PERRLA stand for when assessing for visual reflexes?<br>ANS: PupilsEqual,Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What type of light will we be observing in patients to assess PERRLA?<br>ANS: &#8211;<br>Direct, Consensual, accommodation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is Mydriasis?<br>ANS: Excessive pupil dilation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reducing sodium intake can provide reduction in blood pressure?<br>ANS: True<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diastolic blood pressure represents the maximum pressure that is felt on the<br>arteries during left ventricular contraction (or systole), and it is regulated by the<br>stroke volume (the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat)<br>ANS: False<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the correct name for blood pressure cuff?<br>ANS: Sphygmomanometer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the normal systolic BP for an adult?<br>ANS: &lt;120<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the normal heart rate for an adult?<br>ANS: 60-100 bpm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Normal diastolic BP for an adult<br>ANS: &lt;80<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which of the following pulses is used for blood pressure for the arm?<br>ANS: &#8211;<br>Brachial<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which of the following is the most commonly used pulse to measureheart<br>rate?<br>ANS: Radial<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?<br>ANS: 12-20 rpm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How can you evaluate a patients respiratory rate<br>ANS: Looking at rise and fall ofchest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You should prime the nasal spray before using it for the first time<br>ANS: True<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Final Exam 2 ( Latest 2023 \u2013 2024 )<br>GRADED A+ Questions &amp; Answers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement<br>correctly describes hypotension and shock?<br>ANS: Hypotension is not a consistentfeature of shock presentation in children.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The<br>school nurse arrives and determines that the child is unresponsive.Theschool<br>nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing and a central pulse,limiting this<br>assessment to which time frame?<br>ANS: No more than 10 seconds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents.<br>Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse<br>rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first?<br>ANS: Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 7-year-old child collapses on the playground at school.The school nurseis<br>called to the scene and determines that the child is unresponsive and<br>is not breathing and has no pulse. The nurse initiates CPR. At what rate and<br>depth would the nurse deliver compressions to this child?<br>ANS: 100 to 120compressions per minute at a depth of about 2 inches<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is considered inadequate perfusion when assessing\/caring for a<br>pediatric patient with an arrhythmia?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>ANS: Diminished peripheral pulses Acutely altered mental status<br>Hypotension<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"6\">\n<li>A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child<br>suddenly collapsed at school. The child&#8217;s ECG reveals the following waveform,<br>and primary assessment findings indicate that the child has inad-equate<br>perfusion. Which primary assessment findings indicate this?<br>ANS: Signsof shock<br>Acutely altered mental status<br>Hypotension<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 9-year-old patient is presenting with diminished breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider<br>interprets these findings as indicating which condition?<br>ANS: Respiratory failure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child hasbeen<br>experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. Aftercompleting<br>the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the childmay be<br>experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely suspect?<br>ANS: Hypovolemia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency depart- ment<br>in cardiac arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action<br>would be appropriate for the team to take?<br>ANS: Estimate weight using alength-based resuscitation tape.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An 11-year-old child develops ventricular tachycardia with a pulse with<br>inadequate perfusion. The PALS team would prepare the child for which<br>intervention?<br>ANS: Synchronized electrical cardioversion<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Final Exam 3 ( Latest 2023 \u2013 2024 )<br>GRADED A+ Questions &amp; Answers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit<br>displays the following ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which<br>arrhythmia?<br>ANS: second degree<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and<br>is diaphoretic, tachypneic, lethargic and pale.Which test would theprovider use to<br>determine the adequacy of oxygen delivery?<br>ANS: Lactate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider<br>interprets these findings as indicating which condition?<br>ANS: Respiratory failure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents.<br>Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse<br>rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first?<br>ANS: Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being<br>diagnosed with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained<br>as shown below.The provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>arrhythmia?<br>ANS: First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"6\">\n<li>A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulationbut is<br>exhibiting signs of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS).The PALS<br>resuscitation team determines that the child is experiencing a systemic<br>response to ischemia\/reperfusion. The team bases this determination on<br>which finding(s)?<br>ANS: Hypotension<br>Fever<br>Hyperglycemia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The<br>child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emer- gency<br>department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by theproviders<br>demonstrates high-quality CPR?<br>ANS: Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression<br>Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each<br>Compressing the chest about 2 inches<br>Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing<br>cardiac arrest. For which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate?<br>ANS: VF and pVT are shockable cardiac arrest rhythms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement<br>correctly describes hypotension and shock?<br>ANS: Hypotension is not a consistentfeature of shock;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS post test ( UPDATED 2023 )<br>Questions and Answers (Solved)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A 6 month old infant is unresponsive.You begin checking for breathing atthe<br>same time you check for the infants pulse. Which is the maximum time you<br>should spend when trying to simultaneously check for breathing and palpate the<br>infants pulse before starting CPR?<br>ANSWER: 10 seconds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 4 year old child is brought to the emergency department for seizures. The<br>seizures stopped a few minutes ago, but the child continues to have slow and<br>irregular respirations.Which condition is most consistent with yourassessment?<br>ANSWER: Disordered Control of Breathing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An 8 year old child is brought to the emergency department with a 2 day<br>history of lethargy and polyuria.The child has new onset rapid, deep,<br>and labored breathing.Which diagnostic test should you order first?<br>ANSWER: bloodglucose<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After rectal administration of diazepam, an 8 year old boy with a history of<br>seizures is no unresponsive to painful stimuli. His respirations are shallow,at a<br>rate of 10\/min. His Oxygen saturation is 94% on 2L of NC oxygen. On<br>examination, the child is snoring with poor chest rise and poor air entry<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>bilaterally. What action should you take next?<br>ANSWER: Reposition the patient, and insert an oral airway<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\">\n<li>After rectal administration of diazepam, an 8 year old boy with a history of<br>seizures is no unresponsive to painful stimuli. His respirations are shallow,at a<br>rate of 10\/min. His Oxygen saturation is 94% on 2L of NC oxygen. On<br>examination, the child is snoring with poor chest rise and poor air entry<br>bilaterally. After repositioning the patient and you insert an Oral airway, thepatient continues to deteriorate. What next step is the most appropriate?<br>ANSWER: &#8211; Provide bag mask ventilation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 6 year old child is found unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse.<br>one health care worker leaves to activate the emergency response system and<br>get the resuscitation equipment. You and another healthcare provider<br>immediatly begin CPR.Which compression to ventilation ratio doyou use?<br>ANSWER: 15:2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In post resuscitation management after cardiac arrest, extra care shouldbe<br>taken to avoid repercussion injury. what should the ideal oxygen satura-tion<br>range most likely be?<br>ANSWER: 94%-99%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 3 year old child is in cardiac arrest, and high quality CPR is in progress.You<br>are the team leader. The first rhythm check reveals the rhythm shown here.<br>Defibrillation is attempted with a shock dose of 2 J\/kg. after admini<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Precourse Test ( UPDATED 2023 )<br>Questions and Answers (Solved)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Parents of a 1-year-old female phoned EMS when they picked up their<br>daughter from the babysitter. Paramedics perform an initial impression revealing an obtunded infant with irregular breathing, bruises over the ab- domen,<br>abdominal distension, and cyanosis. Assisted bag-mask ventilationwith 100%<br>oxygen is initiated. On primary assessment heart rate is 36\/min, peripheral<br>pulses cannot be palpated, and central pulses are barely palpable.Cardiac monitor shows sinus bradycardia. Chest compressions are startedat 15:2. In the ED the<br>infant is intubated and ventilated, and IV access is established. The heart rate is<br>now up to 150\/min, but there are weak centralpulses and no distal pulses.<br>Systolic BP is 74. Of the following, which wouldbe most useful in management of<br>this infant?<br>A. Synchronized cardioversion<br>B. Epinephrine 0.01 mg\/kg (0.1 mL\/kg of 1:10,000 dilution) IV<br>C. Rapid bolus of 20 mL\/kg of isotonic crystalloid<br>D. Atropine 0.02 mg\/kg IV<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You enter a room to perform an initial impression of a previously stable 10-<br>year-old male and find him unresponsive and apneic. A code is called andbagmask ventilation is performed with 100% oxygen. The cardiac monitor shows a<br>wide-complex tachycardia. The boy has no detectable pulses so compressions<br>and ventilations are provided. As soon as the defibrillator arrives you deliver an<br>unsynchronized shock with 2 J\/kg. The rhythm checkafter 2 minutes of CPR<br>reveals VF. You then deliver a shock of 4 J\/kg and resume immediate CPR<br>beginning with compressions. A team member hasestablished IO access, so you give a dose of epi, 0.01 mg\/kg (0.1 mL\/kg of 1:10,000 dilution) IO after second<br>shock. At the next rhythm check, persistentVF is present.You administer another<br>4 J\/kg shock and resume CPR. Basedon the PALS Pulseless Arrest Algorithm,<br>what is the next drug and dose to administer when CPR is restarted?<br>A. Magnesium sulfate 25-50 mg\/kg IO<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>B. Atropine 0.02 mg\/kg IO<br>C. Epinephrine 0.1 mg\/kg of 1:10,000 dilution IO<br>D. Amiodarone 5 mg\/kg IO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>Which of the following statements about calcium is true?<br>A. Calcium chloride 10% has the same bioavailability of elemental calciumas<br>calcium gluconate in critically ill children<br>B.The recommended dose is 1-2 mg\/kg of calcium chloride.<br>C. Indications for administration of calcium include hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia.<br>D. Routine administration of calcium is not indicated during cardiac arrest.-<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Initial impression of a 9-year-old male with increased work of breathing<br>reveals the boy to be agitated and leaning forward on the bed with obvious<br>respiratory distress.You administer 100% oxygen by nonrebreathing mask.The<br>patient is speaking in short phrases and tells you that he has asthma but does<br>not carry an inhaler. He has nasal flaring, severe suprasternal and intercostal<br>retractions, and decreased air movement with prolonged expiratory time and<br>wheezing. His SpO2 is 96% (on nonrebreathing mask). What is the next medical<br>therapy to provide to this patient?<br>A. Adenosine 0.1 mg\/kg<br>B. Amiodarone 5 mg\/kg IV\/IO<br>C. Albuterol by nebulization<br>D. Procainamide 15 mg\/kg IV\/IO<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are called to help resuscitate an infant with severe symptomatic<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Pretest ( UPDATED 2023 )<br>Questions and Answers (Solved)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>what should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant<br>or child do?<br>ANS: verify scene safety, check responsiveness, shout for help,activate<br>emergency response system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How long should assessing for breathing and checking for a pulse take?-<br>ANS: No longer than 10 seconds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the AED indicates no shock advised, what should be the next action?<br>ANS: &#8211;<br>Start chest compressions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the compression-to-breath ratio for 1- and 2-rescuer CPR for<br>children and infants?<br>ANS: 1-rescuer, 30:2; 2-rescuer, 15:2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier.Does<br>this patient need immediate intervention?<br>ANS: Yes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier.What<br>is the patient&#8217;s appearance?<br>ANS: Awake<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier.What<br>is the patient&#8217;s work of breathing?<br>ANS: Increased work of breathing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 1: Blonde, 18-month-old child with pacifier.What<br>is this patient&#8217;s color?<br>ANS: Pale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt. Does this<br>patient need immediate intervention?<br>ANS: No<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt.What is the<br>patient&#8217;s appearance?<br>ANS: Increased interaction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt.What is the<br>patient&#8217;s work of breathing?<br>ANS: Normal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Systematic Approach video 2: 3-year-old child in yellow shirt.What is this<br>patient&#8217;s color?<br>ANS: Pink mucous membranes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Primary Assessment video 1: Patient with dragon nebulizer. Does this<br>patient need immediate intervention?<br>ANS: Yes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>PALS Study Guide (Latest 2023 \/ 2024)<br>A+ Rated Guide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You are caring for a child who was resuscitated after a drowning event.Thechild<br>is intubated and ventilated with 100% oxygen with equal breath soundsand<br>exhaled CO2 detected. The heart rate is slow and the monitor shows sinus<br>bradycardia. The skin is cool, mottled, and moist; distal pulses are not palpable<br>and the central pulses are weak. Intravenous access has beenestablished.The<br>core temperature is 37.3oC. Based on the PALS bradycardiaalgorithm, which of<br>the following should be provided first?<br>Epinephrine IV<br>Transcutaneous pacing<br>Atropine IV<br>Dobutamine IV infusion<br>ANS: Epinephrine IV<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are caring for a 5-year-old patient with supraventricular tachycardia (heart<br>rate = 220\/min). The child is lethargic. The skin is pale and cool with delayed<br>capillary refill. Distal pulses are not palpable.Which of the followingwould be the<br>best treatment to provide without delay?<br>Place cold packs on the distal upper and lower extremitiesAsk<br>the child to blow through a small straw<br>Exert light pressure on the eyes bilaterally<br>Provide synchronized cardioversion at 0.5 to 1 J\/kg<br>ANS: Provide synchronizedcardioversion at 0.5 to 1 J\/kg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are initiating treatment for a child with septic shock and hypotension.While<br>administering high-flow oxygen you determine that the child&#8217;s respi- rations are<br>adequate and SpO2 is 100%. You have just established vascularaccess and<br>obtained blood samples.Which of the following is the next mostappropriate<br>therapy to support systemic perfusion?<br>Administer repeated fluid boluses of isotonic colloid<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Administer repeated fluid boluses of isotonic crystalloid<br>Begin immediate dopamine infusion<br>Begin immediate dobutamine infusion<br>ANS: Administer repeated fluid boluses ofisotonic crystalloid<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>You are treating an 8-year-old with ventricular tachycardia with pulses and<br>adequate perfusion.You attempted synchronized cardioversion withoutsuccess.<br>While seeking expert consultation, it would be most appropriate to:<br>Administer a loading dose of milrinone<br>Consider possible metabolic and toxicologic causes<br>Initiate overdrive pacing transcutaneously<br>Deliver an unsynchronized shock<br>ANS: Consider possible metabolic and toxicologiccauses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are caring for a 2-year-old unconscious patient who is intubated and<br>receiving mechanical ventilation. The child&#8217;s heart rate suddenly drops to 40\/min<br>and his color becomes mottled.You should respond to these changesby:<br>Increasing the ventilator rate<br>Increasing tidal volume<br>Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)<br>Using a resuscitation bag provide manual ventilation with 100% oxygen<br>ANS: Us-ing a resuscitation bag provide manual ventilation with 100% oxygen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are caring for a 9-month-old patient with pronounced respiratory distress.<br>You initiated high-flow oxygen using a nonrebreathing mask about10 minutes<br>ago and established intravenous access. Initially the infant&#8217;s heart rate was in the<br>150\/min range with strong pulses. Suddenly the infant&#8217;srespiratory rate falls to<br>6\/min with significant intercostals retractions, and little air movement is heard.<br>The infant becomes cyanotic and the heart ratedecreases to 95\/min.Which of the<br>following treatments would be best for youto provide now?<br>Administer epinephrine IV Provide<br>bag-mask ventilation Administer<br>magnesium sulfate IV<br>Intubate and ventilate<br>ANS: Provide bag-mask ventilation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which of the following is likely to be the most helpful technique to iden- tify<br>potentially reversible metabolic and toxic causes during the attempted<br>resuscitation of a young child in cardiac arrest?<br>Obtaining a urine sample for toxicology screen<br>Obtaining chest and abdominal radiographs<br>Soliciting a history from the caregiver or family<br>Obtaining a venous blood gas<br>ANS: Soliciting a history from the caregiver or family<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are caring for a patient who developed a tension pneumothorax after<br>several hours of positive-pressure ventilation. Which of the following would be the most appropriate site for needle decompression?<br>Over the third rib at the midclavicular line<br>Under the eighth rib at the midaxillary line<br>Over the fifth rib at the sternal border<br>Under the sixth rib at the midclavicular line<br>ANS: Over the third rib at the midclavic-ular line<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You attempted synchronized cardioversion for an infant with supraventric- ular tachycardia (SVT) and poor perfusion. The SVT persists after the initial 1 J\/kg<br>shock.Which of the following should you attempt now?<br>Synchronized cardioversion at a dose of 2 J\/kg<br>Synchronized cardioversion at a dose of 4 J\/kg<br>Unsynchronized cardioversion at a dose of 2 J\/kg<br>Unsynchronized cardioversion at a dose of 4 J\/kg<br>ANS: Synchronized cardioversionat a dose of 2 J\/kg<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You are treating a 5-month-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea.<br>The patient is listless.The respiratory rate is 52\/min and unlabored.The heart rate<br>is 170\/min and pulses are present but weak. Capillary refill isdelayed.You are<br>administering high-flow oxygen, and intravenous access isin place. At this point<br>the most important therapy is to:<br>Administer an epinephrine bolus<br>Begin bag-mask ventilation<br>Provide a rapid 20 ml\/kg isotonic crystalloid fluid bolus<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PALS EXAM 1 ( UPDATED 2023 )100 + VERIFIED Questions and Answers sterior closes ANSWER: 1. Narrow, funnel-shaped larynx due to underdeveloped cricoidcartilage. PALS Exam ( UPDATED 2023 )Completed 300 + Questions and Answers Included1) What is the duration of anticoagulation for Provoked or unprovokedVTE&gt;=?ANSWER: 3 months minimum2) occurs when the force of your blood, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120057"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120057\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}