Pharm Final Exam Study Guide
Medication Administration, Prioritization (11 MC)
\uf0b7 Eye Drops and Ointments: apply in the conjunctival sac
\uf0b7 Ear Drops:
o Adult: pull the ear up and back
o Children under 3 years: pull the ear down and back
\uf0b7 Rectal suppositories: place patient on the left side in the sims position, lift buttock,
lightly lubricate suppository with water-soluble lube, insert past anal sphincter and into
rectum approximately 3 in or 7-8 cm., have patient remain in sims position for 5-10
minutes
\uf0b7 IM: 90 degree angle
o Gauge: 19, 20, 21, 22
o Length: 1, 1 \u00bd, 2 in.
o Locations: deltoid, vastus lateralis, dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal
\uf0b7 SQ: 45 degree angle
o Gauge: 23, 25, 26
o Length: 3\/8, \u00bd, 5\/8 in.
o Locations: back of the arm, 1 inch away from umbilicus, love handles, outside of
thigh
\uf0b7 Intradermal: 10-15 degree angle
o Gauge: 23, 35, 36
o Length: 3\/8, \u00bd, 5\/8 in
o Locations: Inside forearm, back (allergies)
\uf0b7 Never give injections in the inner thigh
\uf0b7 Insulin is always measured in units
\uf0b7 Insulins are always SQ
\uf0b7 Regular insulin can be given IV
\uf0b7 Give 2 month old injection in outer thigh
\uf0b7 Give at least 30 mL for someone to swallow pill
\uf0b7 Priority one: ABCs, vitals, lab values
\uf0b7 Priority two: change in mental status, untreated medical problems, pain, urinary
elimination problems
\uf0b7 Priority three: health problems that don\u2019t fit first or second categories
\uf0b7 When mixing insulin, (cloudy, clear, clear, cloudy)
Nursing Process, Principles, Lifespan, & Med Errors (4 MC)
\uf0b7 10 Rights of Medication Administration:
o Right drug
o Right dose
o Right time
o Right patient
o Right route
ATI Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide<\/p>\n\n\n\n
o Right documentation
o Right reason
o Right to refuse
o Right education
o Right assessment
\uf0b7 Pharmacologic Principles
o Pharmaceutics: how various drugs affect the body
o Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug
o Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body
o Pharmacogenomics
o Pharmacotherapeutics: clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases
o Pharmacognosy
o Pharmacoeconomics
o Toxicology: science of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms
\uf0b7 Routes of Drug Administration
o Enteral Route: Absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric
mucosa or the small intestine
\uf0a7 Oral
\uf0a7 Sublingual
\uf0a7 Buccal
\uf0a7 Rectal
o Parenteral Route: IV route directly into the blood (fastest delivery into the blood
circulation)
\uf0a7 IV
\uf0a7 IM
\uf0a7 SQ
\uf0a7 Intradermal
\uf0a7 Intraarterial
\uf0a7 Intrathecal
\uf0a7 Intraarticular
o Topical Route
\uf0a7 Skin
\uf0a7 Eyes
\uf0a7 Ears
\uf0a7 Nose
\uf0a7 Lungs
\uf0a7 Rectum
\uf0a7 Vagina
\uf0b7 Drug Therapy During Pregnancy
o Drugs cross across the placenta by diffusion
o Pregnancy Categories:
\uf0a7 Category A: no risk to human fetus
\uf0a7 Category B: studies indicate no risk to the animal fetus; info for humans is
not available<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uf0a7 Category C: adverse effects reported in animal fetus, info for human
unavailable
\uf0a7 Category D: possible fetus risk in humans has been reported; does the
benefit outweigh the risk?
\uf0a7 Category X: DO NOT USE IF PREGNANT
\uf0b7 Neonatal and Peds Considerations
o Greater total body water, lower fat content
o Immature blood brain barrier \u2013 more drugs enter the brain
o Immature kidneys and liver for metabolism and excretion
o Dosage calculations: use surface body method
\uf0b7 Older Adult Patients
o Decline in organ function occurs with increasing age
o Risk for polypharmacy (different meds from different providers or same med
from same providers
o Noncompliance and nonadherence
o Lower total body water, increased fat content
o BEERS criteria \u2013 drugs to be cautioned in older adults
\uf0b7 Med Errors
o Always preventable
o Types:
\uf0a7 No error occurs
\uf0a7 Medication error occurs that causes no harm
\uf0a7 Medication error that causes harm
\uf0a7 Medication error that results in death
o Preventing Errors
\uf0a7 Always check the medication three times
\uf0a7 Know the 10 rights
\uf0a7 Two patient identifiers (Name and DOB = 1 & wristband)
\uf0a7 Do not administer if you did not draw it up yourself
\uf0a7 Minimize verbal or telephone orders
\uf0a7 Never assume
\uf0a7 NEVER use trailing zeros
\uf0a7 ALWAYS use leading zeros
\uf0a7 Always listen to and honor patients concerns
\uf0a7 Always check patients\u2019 allergies and identifications
Analgesics, Anesthetics, CNS, NSAIDS (8 MC, 2 MS)
\uf0b7 Analgesics: \u201cPainkillers\u201d
\uf0b7 Adjuvant Drugs
o NSAIDS
o Antidepressants
o Anticonvulsants
o Corticosteroids
\uf0b7 Opioid drugs
o Mild agonists: codeine, hydrocodone<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pharm Final Exam Study GuideMedication Administration, Prioritization (11 MC)\uf0b7 Eye Drops and Ointments: apply in the conjunctival sac\uf0b7 Ear Drops:o Adult: pull the ear up and backo Children under 3 years: pull the ear down and back\uf0b7 Rectal suppositories: place patient on the left side in the sims position, lift buttock,lightly lubricate suppository with water-soluble […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120326\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}