VERSION A
Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system. – ANSWER\u0002The cardiac cycle begins in the right atrial wall at the sinoatrial node
(SA node). After the SA node conducts an impulse, there is a very brief
period before it is sent to the atrioventricular (AV) node. From the AV
node, the impulse is sent down the interventricular septum to the Bundle
of His, which conducts the impulse down the right and left bundle
branches to the purkinje fibers which travel from the apex to the outer
sides of the heart.
Describe an EKG. What is occurring within the heart during each part of
the EKG? – ANSWER- A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of
the heart that the production and conduction of action potentials in the
heart produces.
What types of cells provide our immunity? – ANSWER- T cells and B
cells
What is the function of lymph? – ANSWER- filters the blood by
removing toxins
How does stress affect immunity? – ANSWER- With chronic stress, the
immune system stays in low gear, leaving the body vulnerable to
infection and disease. Basically, it suppresses it.
Compare and contrast passive versus active immunity. – ANSWER\u0002immunity that results from the production of antibodies against a foreign
antigen
state of permanent resistance
duration: long
immunity that results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to
another
immunity only provides temporary protection
duration: short
Compare and contrast primary versus secondary immune responses. –
ANSWER- primary: body is first exposed to antigen, lymphocyte is
activated.
secondary: same antigen is encountered at a later time. It is faster and of
greater magnitude.
Describe a lymphatic vessel. – ANSWER- Fine, thin-walled, transparent
valved channels distributed through most tissues. They have 3 walls:
intima, media, and adventitia.
How is interleukin-1 used? – ANSWER- It helps activate T cells.
Describe the roles of IgG, IgD, IgE, IgA, and IgM. – ANSWER- IgG- is
in plasma and tissue fluids and is effective against bacteria, virsuses, and
toxins and it activates complement proteins.
IgA- is in breast milk, tears, nasal fluid, gastric juice, intestinal juice,
and urine and it is an exocrine gland secretion.
IgM- is a type of antibody produced in plasma in response to contact
with certain antigens in foods or bacteria.
IgD- is on the surfaces of most B cells and acts as an antigen receptor
and is important in activating B cells.
IgE- appears in exocrine secretions with IgA. It is associated with
allergic reactions.
Compare and contrast innate barriers versus adaptive immunity. –
ANSWER- 1. Physical<\/p>\n\n\n\n