Exam 2: NUR257\/ NUR 257 (Latest 2023\/ 2024 Update) Aging and Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam Review| 100% Correct- Galen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exam 2: NUR257\/ NUR 257 (Latest 2023\/
2024 Update) Aging and Chronic Illness in
Nursing Exam Review| 100% Correct- Galen
Q: Examples of pharmacodynamics in older adult
Answer:
1.dec response to beta adrenergic receptor stimulators & blockers,
2.dec baroreceptor sensitivity
3.inc sensitivity to meds
Q: what are some meds that are sensitive in the older adult
Answer:
anticho, benzos, narcotics, warfarin,
cardiac drugs: diltiazem\/verapamil
Q: describe chronopharmacology
Answer:
1.relationship between pharmacokinetics\/dy- namics
2.cortisone tablet in AM (medrol dose pack) may have little-no effect on adrenocor- tical system
3.if same dose taken in divided amounts over day, unwanted effects may suppress hormonal
activities stemming from hypothalamus pituitary-adrenal axis
Q: define polypharmacy
Answer:
1.multiple meds for same problem, common & source of potential morbidity\/mortality
2.Gnjidic- 5+ meds were taken for each additional med there was inc risk for frailty, disability,
death, falls<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q: drug interactions meaning
Answer:
two or more meds\/foods taken together\/close together, they may cause change in effectiveness
of the other
Q: drug herb interactions
Answer:
popularity of medicinal herbs & other dietary supple- ments inc & so does risk of interactions
with prescribed meds
Q: example of drug-herb interaction:
herbs that affect anticoagulant therapy
Answer:
1.echinacea
2.garlic
3.gingko
4.ginseng
5.green tea
Q: drug-food interactions
Answer:
many foods interact with meds producing inc\/dec\/vari- able effects such as inhibiting absorption
Q: interaction of drug\/med:
fiber & digoxin?
Answer:
absorption of drug into fiber, reducing drug reaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q: interaction of drug\/med:
foods with vitamin K & warfarin?
Answer:
decreased effect of drug
Q: interaction of drug\/med:
any food & many abx
Answer:
reduced absorption rate of drug
Q: interaction of drug\/med:
vitamin B6 supplements & levodopa-carbidopa?
Answer:
reversed antiparkinsonian ef- fect
Q: interaction of drug\/med:
grapefruit juice & multiple meds?
Answer:
altered metabolism\/elimination can inc con- centration of drug
Q: interaction of drug\/med:
citrus juice & calcium channel blockers?
Answer:
gastric reflux exacerbated
Q: drug-drug interactions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Answer:
polypharmacy may be necessary part of healthcare in later life significantly inc risk for &
frequency of interactions
Q: example of drug-drug interactions?
Answer:
1.ACEi\/K-sparing diuretics
2.ACEi & ARBs & Septra
3.cipro & CCB\/digoxin
4.warfarin & any abx\/NSAIDs
Q: adverse drug reactions
Answer:
1.minor annoyance to unwanted pharm effects &
death
2.common in those 65+
3.in older adults: drug-induced delirium, confusion, lethargy
Q: examples of meds that can easily impair cognitive function in older adultsAnswer:
1.analgesics, anticho, antihistamines, antiparkinsonian
2.benzos, beta blockers, lanoxin
Q: misuse of drugs
Answer:
more drugs the more likely misuse will occur;
forms: over\/under\/erratic\/contraindicated use
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