{"id":127842,"date":"2023-11-27T04:12:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T04:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=127842"},"modified":"2023-11-27T04:12:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T04:12:47","slug":"nurs-8022-exam-2-latest-2023-2024-actual-exam-questions-and-correct-detailed-answers-with-rationales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2023\/11\/27\/nurs-8022-exam-2-latest-2023-2024-actual-exam-questions-and-correct-detailed-answers-with-rationales\/","title":{"rendered":"NURS 8022 EXAM 2 LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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  1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
    a. To provide specific responsestoward antigens
    b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
    c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
    d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial
    and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid?
    a. Optic tears c. Sweat gland perspiration
    b. Oral saliva d. Sebaceous gland sebum epithelial,skin first line<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
    a. Vasodilation of blood vessels c. Endothelial cell contraction
    b. Increased capillary permeability d. Emigration of neutrophils
    release plasma \uf0e0 swelling and edema, inflammation induced edema<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?
    a. Vasodilation of blood vessels c. Decreased capillary permeability
    b. Platelet aggregation d. Endothelial cell contraction<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Activation of the classical pathway begins with:
    a. Viruses c. Mast cells (central cell in inflammation)
    b. Antigen-antibody complexes d. Macrophages
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?
    a. Complement c. Kinin
    b. Coagulation d. Fibrinolysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for
    destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?
    a. Complement cascade c. Kinin system
    b. Coagulation system d. Immune system<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?
    a. Platelet adhesion c. Vasodilation
    b. Initiation of the clotting cascade d. Increased endothelial adhesiveness<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. What is an outcome of the complement cascade?
    a. Activation of the clotting cascade
    b. Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues
    c. Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine
    d. Lysis of bacterial cell membranes<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
    a. Tag of pathogenic microorganismsfor destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
    b. Process pathogenic microorganismsso that activated lymphocytes can be created for
    acquired immunity.
    c. Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms.
    d. Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at
    which factor?
    a. XII c. X
    b. VII d. V<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots,
    activating complement, and activating the Hageman factor?
    a. Kallikrein c. Bradykinin
    b. Histamine d. Plasmin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. The chemotactic factor affectsthe inflammatory process by:
    a. Causing vasodilation around the inflamed area
    b. Stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area
    c. Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
    d. Producing edema around the inflamed area
    <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. What affect doesthe process of histamine binding to the histamine-2 (H2) receptor have on
    inflammation?
    a. Inhibition c. Acceleration
    b. Activation d. Termination<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Frequently when H1 and H2 receptors are located on the same cells, they act in what
    fashion?
    a. Synergistically c. Antagonistically
    b. Additively d. Agonistically<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which
    problem?
    a. Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
    b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
    c. Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
    d. Number of mast cells isinsufficient.
    *19. Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase
    vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?
    a. Leukotrienes c. Platelet-activating factor
    b. Prostaglandin E d. Bradykinin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
    a. Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain.
    b. Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation.
    c. Causessmooth muscle contraction and fever.
    d. Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis?
    a. Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction
    b. Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction
    c. Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction
    d. Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. When considering white blood cell differentials, acute inflammatory reactions are related to
    elevations of which leukocyte?
    a. Monocytes c. Neutrophils
    b. Eosinophils d. Basophils<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. In the later stages of an inflammatory response, which phagocytic cell is predominant?
    a. Neutrophils c. Chemokines

    b. Monocytes d. Eosinophils<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils isto
    release:
    a. Arylsulfatase B, which stimulatesthe formation of B lymphocytes
    b. Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation
    c. Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation
    d. Immunoglobulin E, which defendsthe body against parasites<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. What is the role of a natural killer (NK) cells?
    a. Initiation of the complement cascade
    b. Elimination of malignant cells
    c. Binding tightly to antigens
    d. Proliferation afterimmunization with antigen<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells?
    a. IL-1 c. TNF-D
    b. IL-10 d. IFN-D<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. IFN-D is secreted from which cells?
    a. Virally infected cells c. Macrophages
    b. Bacterial infected cells d. Mast cells<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. Which manifestation of inflammation issystemic?
    a. Formation of exudates c. Redness and heat
    b. Fever and leukocytosis d. Pain and edema<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the
    hypothalamus being affected by:
    a. Endogenous pyrogens c. Antigen-antibody complexes
    b. Bacterial endotoxin d. Exogenous pyrogens
    *34. Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response as a result of which
    condition?
    a. The circulatory system istoo immature to perfuse tissues adequately.
    b. Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
    c. Mast cells are lacking.
    d. The respiratory system istoo immature to deliver oxygen to tissues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. During phagocytosis, what is occurring during the step referred to as opsonization?
    a. Phagocytesrecognize and adhere to the bacteria.
    b. Microorganisms are ingested.
    c. Microorganisms are killed and digested<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

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