WGU D115 (New 2023\/ 2024) Advanced Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse Exam| Unit 2-7 Covered| Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Graded A<\/p>\n\n\n\n
WGU D115 (New 2023\/ 2024) Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice
Nurse Exam| Unit 2-7 Covered| Questions
and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Graded
A
QUESTION
Which structure is specifically involved in pain transmission?
Answer:
The substantia gelatinosa, which is at the tip of the posterior horn of the spinal cord, is directly
involved in pain transmission.
Previousquestion
QUESTION
Which mechanism of heat loss involves electromagnetic waves?
Answer:
Radiation is heat loss due to magnetic waves from surfaces of higher temperatures to ambient air
that is cooler.
QUESTION
Which theory of pain best describes phantom limb pain?
Answer:
The neuromatrix theory proposes that the brain produces patterns of nerve impulses drawn from
various inputs, such as genetic, psychological, and cognitive experiences, and suggests that pain
may be felt in the absence of input from the body. This theory would explain the phantom limb
pain the woman is experiencing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
QUESTION
What is the most critical aspect of correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its
cause?
Answer:
Exploring health history is critical in an individual with a seizure disorder. The history often
provides information such as childhood seizures or a previous head injury which leads to the
definitive diagnosis. The history also guides further testing to determine if systemic causes might
be producing seizure activity.
QUESTION
Which symptoms exhibited by a patient are consistent with Alzheimer disease?
Answer:
memory loss, impaired judgment, personality changes, and a reduced ability to care for herself.
QUESTION
why it is important to ask about a family history of Alzheimer disease.
Answer:
Known genetic mutations increase the risk of Alzheimer disease. Specific mutations lead to
early-onset Alzheimer disease, whereas other mutations are associated with late-onset. The
patient does not have relatives with the condition.
QUESTION
The size of the brain increases in Alzheimer disease.
True or false
Answer:
FALSE
Cell death in Alzheimer disease leads to a reduced size of the brain, with wider sulci and
enlarged ventricles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
QUESTION
Is brain cell loss in Alzheimer disease confined to a specific area of the brain?
Answer:
No. Brain cell loss in Alzheimer disease is widespread throughout the brain, typically beginning
in the hippocampus and frontal lobes but progressing widely.
QUESTION
Alzheimer disease is characterized by a marked decrease in acetylcholine.
True or false
Answer:
TRUE
Acetylcholine is essential in memory and learning.
QUESTION
Name the location of amyloid plaques (intracellular or extracellular) and describe what they
contain
Answer:
Amyloid plaques are extracellular and contain beta-amyloid, which comes from a normal
membrane protein called amyloid precursor protein.
QUESTION
Describe what neurofibrillary tangles are, where they are located, and why they are important.
Answer:
Neurofibrillary tangles are intracellular. They are tangled strands of abnormal tau protein that
interfere with normal intracellular transport of nutrients and promote neural cell death.
QUESTION
List the brain functions that typically are lost first in Alzheimer disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Answer:
The brain functions that are typically lost first in Alzheimer disease are learning and memory and
thinking and planning.
QUESTION
What do diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) of the brain often result in?
Answer:
DAIs occur with all brain injuries and affect neurons in widespread areas of the brain. Depending
on severity, this may result in altered or loss of consciousness.
QUESTION
Common causes of hemorrhagic strokes
Answer:
Hypertension, ruptured aneurysms or vascular malformation, bleeding into a tumor, hemorrhage
associated with bleeding disorders, anticoagulation, head trauma, and illicit drug use are
common causes of hemorrhagic stroke
QUESTION
Risk factors for a stroke
Answer:
General risk factors for stroke include hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes, insulin
resistance, polycythemia and thrombocytopenia, presence of lipoprotein-a, impaired cardiac
function, hyperhomocysteinemia, atrial fibrillation, and Chlamydia pneumoniae
QUESTION
Select four causes of microcephaly from the list below.
Answer:
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