Psychopharmacology Exam Review|
Complete Guide with Verified Answers|
100% Correct
QUESTION
Only deals with physical dependence, does not address the psychological component of smoking.
Answer:
NRT
QUESTION
Oral stop-smoking aids, remember Very Bad Cancer<\/em>
Answer:
varenicline, bupropion, clonidine
QUESTION
Patients on what medication for smoking cessation treatment should be observed for
neuropsychiatric symptoms including changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood,
and suicide-related events, including ideation, behavior, and attempted suicide.
Answer:
buproprion
QUESTION
How would you treat cocaine induced chest pain\/myocardial infarction?
Answer:
IV BZD<\/p>\n\n\n\n
QUESTION
What substance use disorders have FDA approved pharmacological treatment?
Answer:
AUD, OUD, nicotine
QUESTION
What substance abuse disorder remains the #1 cause of premature death in the United States?
Answer:
smoking
QUESTION
What type of psychosocial interventions would you consider for substance abuse disorders?
Answer:
psychotherapy
QUESTION
Treatment for agitation in patients with dementia.
Answer:
atypical antipsychotics
QUESTION
Used only for short term and acute episodes of aggression, agitation, and psychosis in patients
with dementia.
Answer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BZD naloxone methadone, buprenorphine, buprenorphine+naloxone buprenorphine+naloxone opioids tablet, injectable, implant implant buprenorphine buprenorphine opioid intoxication opioid withdrawal naloxone cocaine intoxication cocaine intoxication cocaine alcohol intoxication mild to moderate severe alcohol intoxication thiamine benzodiazepines uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal diazepam and chlordiazepoxide oxazepam and lorazepam chlordaizepoxide alcohol withdrawal seizures AUD DT alcohol hallucinosis disulfiram acamprosate naltrexone gum, patch, inhaler, nasal spray, lozenge compulsion, control, cutting down, consequences ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange cut down, annoyed, guilty eye opener NRT varenicline, bupropion, clonidine buproprion IV BZD AUD, OUD, nicotine smoking psychotherapy atypical antipsychotics BZD decreased protein levels delirium speed of onset Alzheimers aphasia, apraxia, agnosia hypersexuality, hyperorality Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine memantine nortiptyline mirtazapine methylphenidate trazodone delirium Ach, NE methylphenidate, amphetamine salts, dexmethylphenidate, dextroamphetamine TCAs, clonidine, guanfacine, bupropion, atomoxetine height, weight, BP, HR, EKG short acting atomoxetine intermediate or long acting dizziness, poor growth, decreased appetite, insomnia, mood lability dizziness insomnia cardiovascular tics intellectual disability SNRIs, mood stabilizers, MAOIs, antipsychotics, TCAs bupropion, TCA stimulants risperidone, ariprazole clomipramine sildenafil sexual dysfunction bupropion paroxetine dose reduction hypogonadism PDE 5 inhibitors tadalafil antisocial DBT countertransference BPD BZD pharmacological guanfacine dopamine serotonin hormone replacement therapy guanfacine encopresis desmopressin, imipramine behavioral therapy methylphenidate dextromethylphenidate guanfacine stimulants
QUESTION
In the elderly, this leads to more free medication in the body, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Answer:
decreased protein levels
QUESTION
TCAs, Anticholinergics, Benzos, Non-benzos, Corticosteroids, H2 blockers, opioids cause what
medical emergency in elderly patients?
Answer:
delirium
QUESTION
What is the most telling sign when trying to differentiate dementia from delirium?
Answer:
speed of onset
QUESTION
Most common type of dementia.
Answer:
Alzheimers
QUESTION
3 A’s of Alzheimer’s
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MOA: Pure opioid antagonist that competes and displaces opioids at opioid receptor sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatments for opioid use disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment for opioid use disorder with comorbid pain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Inappropriate use of what substance may be due to uncontrolled pain?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Naltrexone delivery methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Form of naltrexone limited to inpatient use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu receptor partial agonist for opioid withdrawal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taking this medication too soon after last opioid use increases the chances of intense withdrawal that comes on very quickly (precipitated withdrawal).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, constipation, itching, mioisis (small pupil). Patient will experience euphoria and sedation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Symptoms include N\/V\/D and dehydration, irritability, restlessness, yawning, and twitching, increased HR\/BP, chills, increased temperature, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, dilated pupils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment for opioid intoxication during which cardiac or respiratory depression is a concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Symptoms include dilated pupils, HA, tremor, hyper-reflexia, twitching, seizures, or coma, increased HR\/BP, arrhythmias, and MI, N\/V, incontinence\/ARF, or rhabdomyolysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment includes BZD, antipsychotics, and management of medical problems including HTN, stroke, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperthermia, and seizures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The use of beta blockers for treatment of chest pain and MI during this intoxication is to be avoided due to unopposed a adrenergic stimulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Signs vary with blood levels, from decreased reaction time, muscle incoordination, ataxia, dysarthria, to respiratory failure and coma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Levels of alcohol intoxication that require no formal treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment includes cardiopulmonary function maintenance, thiamine, and haloperidol PRN agitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Given IM\/IV for 3 days to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy, along with IV fluids and a banana bag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Class of drugs to avoid for acute alcohol intoxication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment includes BZD in either symptom triggered or fixed dose; diazepam and chlordiazepoxide have a longer half life, and oxazepam and lorazepam are suitable for pat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BZDs with a long half-life used to treat AUD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BZDs with moderate half-life used in AUD patients with liver disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BZD for AUD that should be avoided in patients with severe liver disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment includes diazepam IV or lorazepam IV\/IM, thiamine IV\/IM, and addressing electrolyte imbalances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
For patients with mild symptoms and no history of seizures or delirium tremens, supervised withdrawal can be managed safely and effectively in the ambulatory setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment includes acute care management, parenteral diazepam or lorazepam, thiamine, and antipsychotics if necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Usually auditory, antipsychotic agents are used to treat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MOA is via negative reinforcement, where drinking is avoided due to unpleasant effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NMDA receptor antagonist that is renally cleared, suitable for AUD patients with hepatic dysfunction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment suitable for AUD with comorbid OUD, reducing consumption by decreasing reinforcing properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5 types of nicotine replacement therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 C’s of smoking cessation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5 A’s – behavioral treatment for smoking cessation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CAGE questionnaire<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Only deals with physical dependence, does not address the psychological component of smoking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oral stop-smoking aids, remember Very Bad Cancer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Patients on what medication for smoking cessation treatment should be observed for neuropsychiatric symptoms including changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, and suicide-related events, including ideation, behavior, and attempted suicide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How would you treat cocaine induced chest pain\/myocardial infarction?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What substance use disorders have FDA approved pharmacological treatment?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What substance abuse disorder remains the #1 cause of premature death in the United States?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What type of psychosocial interventions would you consider for substance abuse disorders?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment for agitation in patients with dementia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Used only for short term and acute episodes of aggression, agitation, and psychosis in patients with dementia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the elderly, this leads to more free medication in the body, increasing the risk of toxicity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TCAs, Anticholinergics, Benzos, Non-benzos, Corticosteroids, H2 blockers, opioids cause what medical emergency in elderly patients?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the most telling sign when trying to differentiate dementia from delirium?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most common type of dementia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 A’s of Alzheimer’s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kl\u00fcver-Bucy syndrome, a type of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), results from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe and manifests with what 2 common symptoms?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cholinesterase inhibitors appropriate for mild to moderate dementia, remember Damn, Grandma’s Regressing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NMDA receptor antagonist that promotes synaptic plasticity and is used for moderate to severe dementia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TCA with fewest anticholinergic effects, making it the most appropriate TCA in the elderly SSRIs ARE PREFERRED<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most appropriate medication for elderly patient with MDD, insomnia, and decreased appetite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In cases of severe depression or psychomotor retardation, this may be used in low doses as an adjunct to antidepressants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Best alternative to sedative-hypnotic use for insomnia in the elderly as it’s less likely to cause memory impairment, paradoxical excitement, or rebound insomnia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A reversible condition that may be caused by drugs, electrolyte imbalance, low O2 sat, infection, reduced sensory input, intracranial events, urinary retention, or myocardial issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What are the two major neurotransmitters whose decrease is associated with dementia?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The 4 stimulants for treating ADHD. Man, Adhd Does Damage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The 5 non-stimulants for treating ADHD. Calm Teens Give Better Answers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What baseline measurements are needed prior to starting treatment for ADHD?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Type of stimulant used as initial treatment for children under 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Second line treatment, non-stimulant, used in patients with history of SUD or when family prefers non-stimulant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Types of stimulants used when patient needs duration of action longer than 4 hours; also improves adherence and is less likely to be abused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Common adverse effects of stimulants Dizzy Patients Demand Immediate Monitoring<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Children exhibiting this symptom require BP and HR monitoring. If it occurs at peak, patient should be switched to a longer acting formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Patients exhibiting this stimulant associated symptom should be switched to a shorter acting formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prior to starting a stimulant, patient history, family history, and exam should be conducted with what focus?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This stimulant side effect may require discontinuation of medication or change to clonidine or guanfacine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pharmacological treatment for what condition is only initiated after careful assessment and targets co-occurring disorders for which medication is first-line therapy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stimulants should not be combined with these 5 medication classes. Stimulants Make Me Act Tense<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Non-stimulant ADHD treatment most appropriate in a patient with co-occurring depression, and class considered a “reasonable choice” in a patient with co-occurring depression AND anxiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Among medically healthy patients, what type of medication has been used to augment the treatment of MDD in adults and to treat depression in the elderly?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which 2 medications are approved by the FDA to treat severe behavioral issues in ASD, specifically tantrums, self-injury, and aggression?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On-demand treatment for premature ejaculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Combining this medication with some others, such as nitrates, can cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure as well as headaches, flushing, and dizziness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Causes of this condition may be physiological (meds), psychological (depression), or hormonal (abnormal levels).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Most appropriate medication for a female with depression and hypoarousal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SSRI most likely to cause sexual dysfunction that may also be used to treat premature ejaculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
May be used to reduce sexual side effects caused by psychotropic medications when cost is an issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A cause of hypoactive desire in males that indicates a life-long rather than acquired condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Class of drugs that are first-line treatment of ED, -fils<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PDE-5 inhibitor that is the only oral ED medication approved for daily use, has the longest half-life, and can improve BPH symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cluster B personality disorder that begins as a conduct disorder in childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gold-standard treatment for borderline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The unconscious generation of thoughts and emotions about clients based on clinicians’ past experience with individuals or situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What disorder represents a major source of chronic “treatment-resistant” depression?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Class of medications strongly discouraged in treating BPD, due to risks of worsening impulsivity and suicidality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment modality recommended against when treating the primary traits of antisocial personality disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Non-stimulant medication that is longer acting than clonidine, with greater benefit for inattention and less sedation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neurotransmitter that enhances libido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neurotransmitter that inhibits sexual function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment for male hypoactive sexual desire disorder and female sexual interest\/arousal disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alpha 2 agonist, first line for tic disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Recurrent inappropriate defecation not due to laxatives or another medical condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
First line treatment options for enuresis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Modality for the management of IDD deficits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stimulant medication FDA approved for children 6+ that should not be used in patients with PRE-EXISTING CARDIAC CONDITIONS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FDA stimulant approved for children 3+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Non-stimulant approved for children 6-17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Class considered first line treatment for ADHD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n