Answer:
Ashkenazi Jews
Q: What is Tay-Sachs disease?
Answer:
a dysfunctional enzyme accumulation
causes an of lipids in the brain
Q: s\/s of tay-sachs?
Answer:
cherry red spot, loss of muscle skills,
control\/ motor vision\/hearing loss
Q: What is beta thalassemia?
Answer:
Reduced or absent amounts of hemoglobin
Q: s\/s of beta thalsemia?
Answer:
yellow eyes, low BP, palpitaitons, pale, cold, SOB, high
HR, growth delay
Q: bela thalsemia most common in what people?
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<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\nA 23-year-old woman comes in for prenatal counseling. While completing her family history, she reports her brother has cystic fibrosis. She does not know if she is a carrier. She asks if her children will be affected by the disease.
What is an accurate way to determine the likelihood of this patient’s children being affected?
A genetic or a carrier test<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 31-year-old man comes into the office for an exam. He is 6′ 5 ” with a high-pitched voice, and he has a moderate degree of mental impairment. It is discovered upon exam that his body hair is sparse, his testes are small, and he has gynecomastia.
Which genetic disorder should this patient be tested for?
kleinfelters<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sign of becker muscle dystrophy in kids?
may begin to waddle, walk on their toes or push their abdomen forward when walking<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A six-month-old female infant with failure to thrive comes in to the office with her parents. It is noticed upon exam that the patient has facial deformities and is jaundiced. A complete blood count (CBC) is ordered, which reveals anemia. When that patient’s blood is examined under a microscope, the red blood cells appear small and abnormally shaped. A mutational analysis is ordered, and alpha thalassemia is diagnosed.
What is the likelihood of incidence of these parent’s future children having alpha thalassemia?
100%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 64-year-old male truck driver comes in complaining of pain in his lower left calf. He states he drives eight to ten hours per day. Upon exam, swelling and mottled coloring are noted in the patient’s calf. A D-dimer test is ordered and comes back positive.
Which additional test should be ordered to confirm a diagnosis in this patient?
Doppler U\/S<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 54-year-old man comes into a clinic for a routine visit. His initial BP is 148\/92. After a recheck 15 minutes later, his BP is 140\/90. He states he suffers from “white coat hypertension.” He states he has no history of high blood pressure and no family history of high blood pressure.
Which nursing intervention would assist this patient in receiving a clinical diagnosis of hypertension?
Completing an ambulatory blood pressure assessment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 58-year-old woman comes in complaining of retrosternal chest pain, worsening with recumbent position. She states she has had a low-grade fever for two days. Upon exam, the patient has a friction rub. An EKG reveals sinus tachycardia with inflammatory changes. An ultrasound is performed, and she is diagnosed with an acute pericarditis.
Which condition would make pericarditis more likely in this patient?
Lupus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 54-year-old Caucasian man comes in for a lab review. His lipids reveal an LDL of 180, an HDL of 52, and triglycerides of 326. He has no history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes. His blood pressure is 118\/64. He has a pulse rate of 64, and he weighs 320 lb. He smokes one pack of cigarettes per day, and his ASCVD risk score is 12.8.
Which medication should this patient be started on?
Lipitor 20 mg<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 73-year-old man with Systolic congestive heart failure (CHF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) comes to a clinic complaining of shortness of breath. He is currently taking 6.25 mg carvedilol (Coreg) twice a day and 50 mg losartan (Cozaar) and 20 mg furosemide (Lasix) daily. His oxygen saturation is 95%, and he has a pulse of 64. His BP is 138\/82, and his BNP is 1150.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Using the 2017 heart failure guidelines, which medication change should be recommended for this patient?
Stop angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and add sacubitril\/valsartan (Entresto), if BNP high replace ARB w\/ ACE or ARNI<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 78-year-old man comes in with stable angina. He reports he has been having more angina recently. He is currently taking the following medications: lisinopril (Zestril), atorvastatin (Lipitor), aspirin, and nitrostat PRN for chest pain. He has a history of COPD with bronchospasm. His blood pressure is 145\/88, and he has a pulse of 74.
Which class of medications should be avoided for this patient?
BBs, BB contraindicated in pts w\/ COPD\/ asthma<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 45-year-old Muslim woman presents to a clinic for an intervention for her type 2 diabetes. She is prescribed metformin (Glucophage) 500 mg BID. During a follow-up phone call a week later, it is discovered she has not been taking the metformin. A second visit is scheduled. During this visit, she states that she cannot take the medication as prescribed because it is Ramadan, a month-long period of religious observances. Due to her religious beliefs, she fasts from dawn to sunset. When the pharmacist told her to take metformin with breakfast and dinner, she decided not to start the medication due to her fasting.
Which nursing intervention should be made for this patient?
Start metformin XR (Glucophage XR) 250 mg once a day and reevaluate after Ramadan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 45-year-old Jewish man is visiting a clinic for an adjustment of his diabetes medications. Though the patient is taking oral medications, his blood sugar levels continue to increase, and a decision is made to start him on insulin. Although the patient is comfortable with the concept of starting insulin, he is concerned with the formulation of the insulin saying, “I heard insulin was made from pigs. If that is the case, I cannot take it due to my faith.”
Which response should be given to this patient?
While insulin did have porcine sources in the past, it is now synthetically made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 45-year-old man reports his preference for natural methods of treating illness. He states he takes natural supplements that he orders from China to boost his health and well-being. One of the supplements he takes daily is red yeast rice.
Which medication should be avoided with this patient’s supplement?
Lovastatin (Mevacor), red yeast rice contains this<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 40-year-old man presents to a clinic with an onset of a frequent cough. The patient states the cough started when he started his new blood pressure medication two weeks ago. The patient does not remember the name of the drug that was started. After a thorough assessment, it is determined the cough is not being caused by an infection. It is determined the likely cause of the frequent cough is the new blood pressure medication.
Which medication is the likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
Lisinopril<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 68-year-old female patient on a medical surgical floor received a dose of morphine (Duramorph) 30 minutes ago for postoperative pain into an IV in her left hand. She has been on the floor for two days and has received several doses of morphine over that time. The patient’s call light is now lit. When the nurse goes into the room, the patient has several complaints.
Which complaint should be addressed first in this patient?
A rash around the injection site going up the left arm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
An advanced practice nurse (APN) is floated to a medical or surgical floor midshift to assist an understaffed unit. After receiving a brief report, the APN assumes care of four individuals for the remainder of the shift. No recent assessment has been completed on these patients.
Which patient should the APN assess first?
A 65-year-old man with dementia who is one day post-operation of a transurethral resection of his prostate and is sometimes passing blood-tinged urine through his foley, d\/t cognitive issues and being post-op<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 55-year-old female patient presents to a clinic for exacerbation of her chronic low back pain. She is taking morphine extended-release tablets (MS Contin), hydrocodone (Vicodin) PRN, and duloxetine (Cymbalta). The patient denies any drug allergies. She rates her pain at a ten out of ten and is requesting something stronger for pain.
When considering adding a medication for this patient’s pain, which medication could have a significant interaction with her current medications?
tramadol, d\/t serotonin syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 45-year-old female patient presents to a clinic complaining of chronic generalized pain and wishes to be evaluated for fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndrome. A thorough history and physical is conducted, and the findings are negative. The patient is not taking any medications, has no allergies to medicines, and has a negative past medical history.
What is an appropriate first intervention for this patient?
Assess the patient’s sleep hygiene and make recommendations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 55-year-old male patient is on a medical floor for respite care. He is currently in hospice for end-stage pancreatic cancer. During assessment, a nurse notices that he is diaphoretic, moaning, and clutching his abdomen. He rates his pain at a nine out of ten. The nurse notes that his abdomen is distended, and he has rebound tenderness in all four quadrants.
What is an appropriate nursing intervention for this patient?
Giving a dose of intravenous morphine (Duramorph)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What fluid for nutrient changes\/ osmolality changes?
0.9 NS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What fluid for hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, dehydration?
D5 or 0.45 NS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what fluids for hyponatremia w\/o fluid overload\/edema?
3% NS until Na 130<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Med uncomplicated peds otitis media?
Amoxicillin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
who is at risk for tay-sachs?
Ashkenazi Jews<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Tay-Sachs disease?
a dysfunctional enzyme causes an accumulation of lipids in the brain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of tay-sachs?
cherry red spot, loss of muscle control\/ motor skills, vision\/hearing loss<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is beta thalassemia?
Reduced or absent amounts of hemoglobin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of beta thalsemia?
yellow eyes, low BP, palpitaitons, pale, cold, SOB, high HR, growth delay<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bela thalsemia most common in what people?
Mediteranean and African people<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx for beta thalsemia?
blood transfusions, Epogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
how to check if couples at risk for having child w\/ tay-sachs\/ beta thalsemia?
genetic testing available<\/p>\n\n\n\n
color blindness determined by what gene?
OPN1MW, chrom 23, comes from mother<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is Fragile X syndrome?
long break on X chromosome d\/t folate deficiency<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s fragile X?
late onset 50+ y.o.
developmental delays, learning disability, social\/behavior issues, movement cognition problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is hemolytic anemia?
RBCs destroyed faster than theyre made<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hemolytic anemia mostly affects who?
men<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s hemolytic anemia?
pale\/ jaundice-enlarged spleen, dark urine, fever, weak, high HR, cardiac murmur<\/p>\n\n\n\n
foods do avoid w\/ hemolytic anemia?
FAVA BEANS!
moth balls, red wine, soy products, tonic H2O, blueberries<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds to avoid w\/ hemolytic anemia?
sulfa drugs i.e. erythromycin, Sulfisoxazole
Vit C
methylene Blue
Methyldopa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx hemolytic anemia?
transfusions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is hemochromatosis?
iron overload<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s hemochromatosis?
liver\/ pancreatic damage, fatigue\/ malaise, abd pain, arthralgias<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx: hemachromatosis?
phlebotomy remove 550 ml of whole blood, depending on ferritin levels (normal 20-50)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is HLA-B*58:01 associated with?
high risk of hypersensitivity w\/ allopurinol use i.e. steven johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is allopurinol used for?
treat gout, kidney stones<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
malaise and fever followed by rapid onset of erythematous\/purpuric macules (oral, ocular, genital). Skin lesions progress to epidermal necrosis and sloughing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Stevens Johnson w\/ skin sloughing<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome?
a genetic condition in which symptoms resembling aging are manifested at a very early age; individuals live 10-15 years with associated heart disease and withering, but no hypertension, stroke, diabetes, or Alzheimer’s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
assessment of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome?
height, weight, growth curve, hearing, vision, short, slow growth, alopecia, joint abnormalities, wrinkles, dryness, delayed tooth development<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome?
statins, nitro, NSAIDS, calcium, occupational\/physical therapy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is hypothalamic hamartoma?
rare, benign tumors on the hypothalmus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what do hypothalmic harmatomas cause?
laughing\/ crying fits, cognitive\/ mood\/ behavior problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Kleinfelter Syndrome?
Occurs in men when they have an extra X chromosome<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s kleinfelter syndrome?
small testes, gynecomastia, female patterned public hair, long limbs, sparse body hair, high pitched voice, mental impairment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)?
-most common type, progressive muscle degeneration, primarily in boys, first affects lower limb muscles then progresses to heart and lung dysfunction
-deletion of the dystrophin gene<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sign of muscular dystrophy in children?
children start walking on their tip toes. larger than normal calf muscles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
Mutated (rather than deleted) dystrophin gene; less severe than DMD because some dystrophin is still produced, hips and pelvic region affected<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is FSHD muscle dystrophy?
begins w\/ facial and shoulder muscle weakness, inability to close eyes completely, cant whistle, drooping shoulders<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
Proximal muscles of pelvis and shoulder initially affected, Progresses slowly<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Myotonic Muscle Dystrophy
People with this disorder often have prolonged muscle contractions (myotonia) and are not able to relax certain muscles after use. For example, a person may have difficulty releasing their grip on a doorknob or handle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is systemic lupus erythenatosis?
inflammatory disease caused by the immune system attacking its own tissues<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s lupus?
-butterfly rash (dry, scaly rash on face\/upper body)
-joint pain & dec ROM
-fever
-nephritis
-pleural effusion
-pericarditis
-abd pain
-photosensitivity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx lupus?
prednisone, methylprednisone<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is sickle cell anemia?
A mutation in a gene causes a problem making the hemoglobin of the red blood cells., A genetic disorder causing red blood cells to be rod\/sickle shaped. This causes them to get stuck in capillaries and the bodies cells become deprived of oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what are individuals w\/ sickle cell anemia under 5 y.o. @ an increased risk of?
pneumococcal infections d\/t non-functioning spleen and decreased immune response<\/p>\n\n\n\n
infants w\/ sickle cell anemia frequently have what s\/s?
jaundice d\/t non-functioning spleen\/ liver damage<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is a sickle cell crisis?
A severe, painful, acute exacerbation of RBC sickling causing a vaso-occlusive crisis, splenic sequestrian, or aplastic crisis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is a vaso-occlusive crisis?
This is where your RBCs block flow to the point that tissues are O2 deprived, Extreme pain hands and feet, fever<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is a splenic sequestrian?
RBCs block blood flow out of the speen, spleen swells, hypovolemic shock, heme levels drop, Seen on CT scan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is a aplastic crisis?
Diminished production and increased destruction of RBCs due to rapid red cell turnover, sudden pallor weakness, dropping of heme levels, reticulocytopenia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx for vaso-occlusive crisis?
IV fluids, IV analgesia, high flow O2, transfusions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for vaso-occlusive crisis?
ibuprofan, IV analgesia
hydroxyurea – makes RBCs bigger + rounder<\/p>\n\n\n\n
prevent sickle cell crisis?
hydration, dress warm, avoid cold weather, sleep, stress management, avoid high altitudes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is turner syndrome?
females. missing or deformed x chromosome, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual spatial and attentional problems, short, webbed neck, wide spaced nipples, infertility, heart defect<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What are X linked genes?
often found in men bc they only need one copy to express disease, women pass to their sons<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Alzeimers?
most cases of dementia, progressive symptoms worsen over time, brain shrinking dramatically, nerve cell death, tissue loss, plaques, tangles<\/p>\n\n\n\n
early onset alzheimers?
younger than 66 y.o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stages of alzheimers
mild-severe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meds for alzheimers: cholinesterase inhibitors?
donepezil, galantamine, rivastigimine – poor memory\/judgement\/thought processes, prevents breakdown of ach, delays worsening of symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Meds for alzheimers: N-Methyl-D-Asparate receptor antagonist?
Memantine – improve memory\/attention\/reasoning, regulate glutamate, improves mental funx<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is asthma?
Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s asthma?
dry cough, wheezing, chest pressure, high HR, throat irritation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SABA
short acting beta agonist
-ex. Albuterol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ICS, inhaled corticosteroid
ex- fluticasone, budensonide, mometasone, beclomethasone<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Montelukast (Singulair)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Cromolyn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
LABA
Bronchodilators:
Formoterol
Salmeterol
Indacaterol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what does all day wheezing, coughing, acute exacerbations warrant use of w\/ asthma?
oral prednisone daily<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Combined ICS + LABA
advair, symbicort, breo Ellipta, dulera<\/p>\n\n\n\n
asthma medication contraindications?
BBs, CCB d\/t worsening of asthma s\/s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is ataxia?
the loss of full control of bodily movements d\/t brain damage r\/t fragile X<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s ataxia?
mimic drunk people, slurred speech, stumbling, falling, incoordination, wide-based gait, difficult writing\/eating, slow eye movements<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is athletic heart syndrome?
enlarged heart, lower HR 30-40 BPM<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is celiac disease?
Autoimmune disease with inability to digest gluten containing grains (wheat, barley, rye), strong genetic predisposition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s celiac disease?
abd pain, distension, diarrhea, malnutrition, rickets, occult blood, anemia, early bleeds\/bruises, low mag, low ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for celiac disease
Antibody test – IgA increased
stomach endoscopy and duodenal biopsy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avoid BROW w\/ celiac disease
barley, rye, oats, wheat<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is cellulitis?
An acute, spreading infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissues<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx cellulitis?
IV antx, PO antx, treat temp- compresses\/ tylenol, wound drsgs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is right-sided CHF
caused by left side, dependent edema, weight gain, JVD, peripheral venous pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is left-sided CHF?
pulmonary congestion, SOB, crackles, wheezing, tachy, orthopnea, elevated pulmonary wedge pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
normal EF
55-60%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
reduced EF
EF < 40%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less O2 rich blood pumped throughout body<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Preserved EF
EF 40-49%<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ineffective relaxation during filling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CHF testing
echo, BNP >100<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stage 1 CKD
GFR >90<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stage 2 CKD
GFR 60-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stage 3 CKD
GFR 30-59<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stage 4 CKD
GFR 15-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stage 5 CKD
GFR <15<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is pneumonia?
inflammation of the lungs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PNA causes
strep pna, flu A, chlamydiophila pna, mycoplasma pna<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s pna
cough w or w\/o sputum, dyspnea, pleuritic chest, tachypnea, adventitious b\/s-rales, crackles, rhonchi, fever, chills, leukocytosis w\/ leftward shift, leukopenia, can lead to sepsis, LOC, organ failure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing PNA?
CXR-pulm opacities-airspace\/groundglass d\/t WBC\/ fluid accumulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
viral-widespread whitening<\/p>\n\n\n\n
bacterial-patchy\/consolidated<\/p>\n\n\n\n
blood tests=high ESR, CRP, procalcitonin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sputum cultures, gram stain, BCs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx PNA?
ventilation, O2, deep breathing, coughing, chest physiotherapy, antx w\/ in 4hr of presentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Crohn’s disease?
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract-small intestine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
who is at an increased risk of crohns?
ppl w\/ atopic dermatitis and eczema<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of crohns?
skip lesions\/ cobble stone appearance, bleeding, diarrhea, abd pain, cramping, fistula\/fissure formation, ileus, pain around navel RLQ, more women than men<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for crohns?
antibody testing, CBC-heme low, stool occult, CRP\/ESR inflammation indicators, BNP, iron\/b12 see nutrient absorption<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dx testing crohns?
abd XR, colonoscopy, barium XR or video endoscopy small intestine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for crohns?
sulfasalazine, mesalamine – anti-inflammatory drugs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oral steroids – taper off in 1-2 months<\/p>\n\n\n\n
methotrexate – immunosuppressant<\/p>\n\n\n\n
antx – intestinal bacteria<\/p>\n\n\n\n
IV corticosteroids<\/p>\n\n\n\n
diet for crohns?
low residue, low fiber, lean proteins, refined grains, low fat food<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what to avoid w\/ crohns?
caffeine, etoh, dehydraiton in general like from diuretics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is ulcerative colitis?
Ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease, just in the LARGE intestine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of UC?
diarrhea w\/ blood\/pus, abd pain, cramping, rectal pain\/bleeding, urgency to poop but unable to, weight loss, fever<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for UC?
CBC, LFTs, BNP, ANA antibodies, ESR\/CRP-inflammation, stool studies-WBCs, XR-r\/o complications, CT scan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds to tx UC?
anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, diarrheals, antispasmodics, iron supplementation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is diaper dermatitis?
diaper rash<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s diaper rash?
irritation from stool\/urine, chafing, new prodcut irritation, bacterial\/fungal infection, intro of new foods, sensitive skin, antx<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx diaper rash?
keep babys skin clean, frequently change diaper when needed, anti-fungal cream, topical\/oral antx, mild hydrocortisone cream<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is considered htn?
SBP >130, DBP >80<\/p>\n\n\n\n
best way to measure BP?
ambulation measurement to eliminate masked htn or white coat syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\n
assessment of htn?
2 office measurements on 2 separate visits, increased BP\/ pedal edema, AV disease, renal vasc disease, hypercortisolism, thyroid disease<\/p>\n\n\n\n
htn meds?
ACE-pril
ARB-sartan
CCDB-pine
BB-lol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
htn management?
salt restriction, smoke cessation, OSA management, exercise<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hypoplastic LH syndrome?
The left ventricle is underdeveloped and too small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The mitral valves is not formed or is very small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The aortic valve is not formed or is very small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The ascending portion of the aorta is underdeveloped or is too small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*also have an atrial septal defect, which is a hole between the left and right upper chambers (atria) of the heart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what are the 3 fetal shunts?
Ductus arteriosus: protects lungs against circulatory overload<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ductus venosus: fetal blood vessel connecting the umbilical vein to the IVC<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Foramen ovale: shunts highly oxygenated blood from right atrium to left atrium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
surgical procedures for shunt closure?
norwood- enlarge aorta, shunt to pulm art
glenn-SVC connected to pulm art, norwood shunt removed
fontan-IVC connected to pulm art<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of PDA\/ PFO (mixing low O2 and O2 rich blood)
cyanotic, pallor, clammy\/sweaty, cool skin, SOB, high HR, poor pulses, poor feeding<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for PFO\/PDA during pregnancy?
prenatal testing for birth defects, u\/s, echo<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for infant w\/ PFO\/ PDA?
tube feeding, meds to strengthen heart muscle, increase BP, removal excess fluid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the flu?
An infectious disease that is spread through droplets in the air<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s flu?
runny\/stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, fever, chills, sweats, SOB, tired, weak, eye pain, n\/v, diarrhea,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
flu testing?
RIDT rapid flu test 10-15 mins, but RMA rapid molecular assay more accurate 15-20 minutes results<\/p>\n\n\n\n
flu tx?
annual flu vaccine, antiviral drugs taken w\/ in 48hrs of s\/s onset<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is POTS postural orthostatic tachy syndrome?
circulation being affected by the act of standing from sitting down<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of POTS?
HR increase by 30 bpm or up to 120 bpm within first 10 minutes of standing w\/ orthostatic hypotension, hypovolemia, fatigue, h\/a, lightheaded, heart palpitations, cannot exercise, n\/v, SOB, CP, reddish-purple leg color<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for POTS
tilt table test, orthostatic BP measurements standing @ 2, 5, 10 minutes
other tests like QSRT, thermoregulatory sweat test, skin biopsy, gastric motility test<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for POTS?
increase blood volume, reduced HR, vasoconstrictive meds<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Prinzmetal’s angina?
angina at rest due to coronary artery vasospasm @ night during REM sleep<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what to avoid w\/ prinzmetal angina?
BBs bc they cause more episodes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is Sjorgren’s syndrome?
Autoimmune-induced destruction of salivary glands = dry eyes\/ dry mouth, typically affects women w\/ RA or SLE<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is strep pharyngitis?
Acute inflammation of pharynx\/tonsils, associated w\/crowding (like school, daycare), patchy exudates and cervical lymph node adenopathy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing – strep pharyngitis?
RADT rapid antigen detection test<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tx of Step pharyngitis?
adult-penicillin
PEDS-amoxicillan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is a subdural hematoma?
elderly\/ alcoholics, crescent shape on CT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is an epidural hematoma?
Collection of blood between the dura and the skull, artery involvement, increased intracranial pressure, bioconvex disk on CT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
typical sign epidural hematoma?
pt could be comfortable + alert followed by rapid deterioration and unconsciousness<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is thrush in infants?
white\/ yellow irregular patches\/ sores in babys mouth<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cause of thrush?
candida albicans<\/p>\n\n\n\n
causes of thrush?
nipple not properly dried after feeding, expose nipples to sunlight a ew minutes each day after feeding, probiotics help, common in new borns under 2 months<\/p>\n\n\n\n
risk factors of thrush?
low birth weight, vaginal birth rom mother w\/ yeast infection, taking antx, inhaled corticosteroids, pacifier use, weak immune system<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for mother and baby thrush?
nystatin inside babys mouth, liquid antifungal, PO diflucan via dropper<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx for transfusion reaction?
slow transfusion, tylenol, benadryl, steroids, demerol for shivering<\/p>\n\n\n\n
preferred antx for UTI?
nitrofurantoin (macrobid)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
UTI meds for pregnant women?
keflex, fosfomycin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
avoid these UTI meds in pregnant women?
bactrim, penicillin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofuratonin -avoid after 3rd trimester<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PEDS UTI meds?
bactrim or augmentin, cephalosporins ex- keflex
when vomiting – IV cephalosporin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is varicella\/ chicken pox?
contagious disease caused by varciella-zoster virus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s chicken pox?
small, itchy blisters, chest, back, face, low-grade fever, abd pain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
assessment chicken pox?
rash assessment, blood test, culture the lesions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx for chicken pox?
antivirals-acyclovir<\/p>\n\n\n\n
immune globuline IV (Privigen)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tylenol for pain (ibuprofan makes rash worse!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
calamine lotion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cool bath w\/ baking soda, oatmeal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BPH meds?
flomax to relax the muscles in the prostate and the bladder<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is COPD?
breathing difficulty, cough, wheezing, sputum production<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what causes COPD?
emphysema – alveoli destruction
chronic bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchial tubes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for COPD?
spirometry or pulm funx test (PFT), CXR, CT, ABG<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for COPD?
SABA + theophylline to relax smooth muscle
LABA = formoterol, salmeterol, indicaterol
SAMA = bromide
LAMA = spiriva
Roflumilast (Daliresp) w\/ bronchitis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
macrolides for former smokers w\/ COPD?
zithromax, erythromycin, clarithromycin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
htn meds for DM pts?
ACE like captopril or ARBs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
how to mix insulin?
clear reg into cloudy (NPH)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
why cant DM pts take BBs?
masks hypoglycemia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
why cant DM pts take MAOIs?
glucose reduction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DKA signs?
glucose >250
bicarb <18
pH <7.3 acidic
anion gap
ketones in urine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
assessment DKA?
fruity breath, thirsty, dry mouth, frequent urination, confusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what causes DKA?
recent surgery, stress, illness\/infection, MI<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx for DKA?
insulin, fluids, monitor K (hypokalemia), monitor Na\/phos<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is MS?
demyelinating disease of the CNS, damage to protective cover on myelin sheath<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is myasthenia gravis?
-An autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue, worsens w\/ activity, improves w\/ rest<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of myasthenia gravis?
-diplopia & ptosis (eyelid drooping)
-weakness of larynx & pharynx: dysphagia, choking, dysphasia, slurred speech
-weakness hands feet legs
-bladder & bowel incontinence
increased HR\/BP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
myasthenia gravis crisis?
severe muscle weakness and ARF requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Testing for Myasthenia Gravis?
Tensilon test via IV edrophonium chloride – temporarily relieves symptoms , differentiate between MG and cholinergic crisis, prepare atropine in case of cholinergic crisis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tests for myasthenia gravis?
acetylcholine, anti-MUSK antibody, EMG study, CT\/ MRI<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?
cholinterase inhibitor: neostigmine + prednisone for 4-5 weeks then taper<\/p>\n\n\n\n
side effects of neostigmine (muscle strengthener)?
-increased salivation, urination
-diarrhea
-nausea\/vomiting
-sweating
-bradycardia
-slow slurred speech, decreased pupil size, blurred vision
-Low BP<\/p>\n\n\n\n
non-pharma therapy for MG?
plasmapheresis-remove plasma from blood, IV immunoglobulin, thymectomy, hydrotherapy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
high levels of cholinesterase cause?
depress the CNS, treat w\/ atropine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of cholinesterase crisis?
can occur 30-60 mins after taking the med, increased saliva, sweating, peeing, abd pain, n\/v, bronchospasm, tachy, muscle weakness, paralysis resp weakness=resp failure<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DM neuropathy meds?
gabapentin
cymbalta
lyrica<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is pleural effusion?
fluid colletion between pleura outside lung tissue<\/p>\n\n\n\n
s\/s of Pleural effusion?
CP, cough, dyspnea, orthopnea, fever<\/p>\n\n\n\n
how to test for pleural effusion?
CXR, CT, u\/s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds to treat pleural effusion?
diuretics, antx-parapneumonic and empyema, anticoags for PE risk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
treatment for pleural effusion?
thoracentesis – needle decompression, chest tube, pleural drain long term @ home, O2, positioning, avoid exacerbations through increasing activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is pneumothorax?
air between lungs and chest cavity tx with chest tube connected to water seal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is hemothroax?
blood between lungs and chest cavity treated w\/ thoracentesis or chest tube to LCWS<\/p>\n\n\n\n
small cell carcinoma
15% of lung ca, 25% of lung ca death, central part of lung 6-8 m, caused by smoking<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for lung ca?
epidermal growth factor EGR, CXR, biopsy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
normal TSH?
0.5-5.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
normal T3
80-200<\/p>\n\n\n\n
normal T4
5-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is hashimoto disease?
autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland resulting in hypothyroid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is Graves disease?
an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and\/or exophthalmos, low TSH, high T3\/T4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hyperthyroid s\/s?
tachy, eyes popping out, dysthymia, angina, palpitations, weight loss, rapid speech, increased metabolic rate, intolerant to heat, exophthalmus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx hyperthyroid?
PTU, papazole<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hypothyroid s\/s?
pale, puffy, expressionless face, cold, dry skin, low HR, low metabolic rate, weight gain, fatigue<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds hypothyroid?
synthroid<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what causes thyroid storm?
death can occur w\/ in 48hrs, can occur in ppl w\/ hyperthyroid experiencing high level of stress- infection, cardiac disease, trauma, burns, seizures, surgeries, dialysis, emotional stress<\/p>\n\n\n\n
assessment of thyroid storm?
sudden increase T3\/T4, hyperthermia, tachydysrhythmias, agitated, delirium, n\/v\/ diarrhea<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tx thyroid storm?
PTU, tapazole, BB, corticosteroid, iodine, thyroidectomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what is Medullary thyroid cancer?
painless lump front of neck<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for medullary lump
fine needle biopsy, elevated calcitonin, elevated CEA, genetic counseling if first degree relative has<\/p>\n\n\n\n
normal calcium level
8.6-10.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
normal PTH
11-51<\/p>\n\n\n\n
what does PTH do?
increases blood calcium levels<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hyperparathyroidism high PTH, high ca, T3, T4
osteoporosis, kidney stones, excessive urination, abd pain, bone\/ joint pain<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hypoparathyroid low PTH, low ca, T3, T4
paresthesia, tetany, trousseus sign, chvosteks sign<\/p>\n\n\n\n
testing for parathyroid dysfunction
u\/s, bone densitometry, body CT\/MRI<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds hyperparathyroidism
Cinacalcet (lowers PTH) and vitamin D<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds hypoparathyroidism
activated vitamin D (calcitriol) and calcium<\/p>\n\n\n\n
TB testing
PPD check 48 to 72 hours later 15mm = (+)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n5mm positive and immunocompromised
10mm positive for ppl born in countries w\/ TB<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\ndx for tb?
CXR w\/ white spots in lungs where immune system has walled off TB, CT scan, sputum cx<\/p>\n\n\n\nmeds for TB?
isonizid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide – antibiotics for tb<\/p>\n\n\n\nif you had BCG vaccine what happens?
TB tests are positive<\/p>\n\n\n\nchronic pain meds?
NSAIDS, topical analgesics, steroids<\/p>\n\n\n\ntx for chronic pain?
PT, TENS, implanted electric nerve simulation, deep brain or spinal stimulation, acupuncture, meditation, weight loss, diet, exercise<\/p>\n\n\n\nSSRI for depression
celexa, lexapro, prozac, paxil, zoloft<\/p>\n\n\n\nTCAs for depression
elavil, tofranil<\/p>\n\n\n\nMAOIs for depression
Nardil, dont eat aged cheese, smoked meet, cured food, will cause htn crisis d\/t tyramine<\/p>\n\n\n\nSSRI for anxiety for PTSD related anxiety
celexa, lexapro, prozac, paxil, zoloft<\/p>\n\n\n\nSNRIs for anxiety
cymbalta, effexor<\/p>\n\n\n\nNDRIs for anxiety
wellbutrin<\/p>\n\n\n\nantihistamine if there is no depression w\/ anxiety
hydroxyzine<\/p>\n\n\n\nBenzos
clonzepam, xanax, ativan, valium<\/p>\n\n\n\nantipsychotic
seroquel<\/p>\n\n\n\nmigraine
botox<\/p>\n\n\n\npanic attacks, hallucinations, nightmares
clonazepam, clonidine for htn, minipress for nightmares<\/p>\n\n\n\nsleep aid for PTSD
minipress prazosin<\/p>\n\n\n\nSchizophrenia (positive symptoms)
hallucinations, delusions, confused thoughts, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\nSchizophrenia (negative symptoms)
anhedonia, apathy, alogia, avolition, attention deficit, flat affect<\/p>\n\n\n\nDx of schizophrenia
at least 1 positive symptom and total of 3 symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\nfirst gen meds for schizophrenia
chlorpromazine, haldol, fluphenazine<\/p>\n\n\n\nside effects first gen of schizophrenia medication
dystonia, akathisia, Parkinsonism, bradykinesia, tardive dyskinesia
dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, sedation<\/p>\n\n\n\nsecond gen schizophrenia meds
ritalin, abilify, zyprexa, seroquel, geodon<\/p>\n\n\n\nside effects second gen schizophrenia meds
weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, seizure, myocarditis<\/p>\n\n\n\nNeuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Adverse reaction to antipsychotics with severe “lead pipe” rigidty, FEVER, and mental status changes<\/p>\n\n\n\ncinnamon uses?
LOWERS : BG, chol, htn, + bleeding risk<\/p>\n\n\n\ndont take cinnomon if?
breastfeeding
taking drugs for DM, AC’s, cardiac<\/p>\n\n\n\ngingko biloba use?
lowers dementia risk, lowers ED chance in men<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat is the risk w\/ gingko biloba?
bleeding risk, dont take w\/ AC’s, lowers seizure threshold<\/p>\n\n\n\nglucosamine use?
oseoarthritis<\/p>\n\n\n\ngreen tea uses?
weight loss, mental clarity<\/p>\n\n\n\ngreen tea risks?
hepatoxicity
avoid consuming w\/ vasodilators\/stimulants\/psychoactive drugs
contains vit K, consider increased effect of warfarin<\/p>\n\n\n\nlavender uses?
relaxing, sleep aid, anxiety, tress, insomnia<\/p>\n\n\n\nlavender adverse effects?
h\/a, constipation, increased appetite
dont take w\/ CNS depressants
dont take w\/ htn meds
disrupts hormone development in boys<\/p>\n\n\n\nst johns wort risks?
accelerates drug metabolism causes loss of therapeutic effects
dont take it w\/ digoxin increases risk of dig toxicity
dont take w\/ SSRIs increases risk of serotonin syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\nuncomplicated htn med?
hydrochlorothiazide – diuretic<\/p>\n\n\n\nbest htn meds for DM pts?
ACE 1st line tx<\/p>\n\n\n\nAVOID:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BB’s mask DM s\/s<\/p>\n\n\n\n
thiazides\/lasix promote hyperglycemia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
best htn meds for CKD pt?
ACE\/ARB 1st line<\/p>\n\n\n\nif stace 3 CKD on ACE, start amlodapine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AVOID:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
spironaldactone (K sparing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
meds for muscle spasms?
baclofen, neurotin<\/p>\n\n\n\nbest opioid for constant\/ dull pain?
morphine<\/p>\n\n\n\nbest moderate opioid?
codeine<\/p>\n\n\n\nCOX-inhibitors?
NSAIDs + ASA<\/p>\n\n\n\nNSAIDs risk?
Rye’s syndrome in infants, GI bleed<\/p>\n\n\n\ntylenol risk?
hepatatoxicity + SJS<\/p>\n\n\n\nminipress indications?
BPH, PTSD nightmares, raynaud’s phenomenon<\/p>\n\n\n\npregnancy immunizations?
flu (INACTIVE)
TDAP 27-36 weeks
PNA
Hep A\/B
Meningitis<\/p>\n\n\n\ncontra pregnancy vaccines?
flu (ACTIVE)
varicella
MMR<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat is acute bronchitis?
uncomplicated may be viral\/environmental
green purulent sputum
use antx<\/p>\n\n\n\nasthma contra meds?
BBs and CCB<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhat to do after using inhaled corticosteriod ICS?
rinse mouth to avoid thrush development<\/p>\n\n\n\ndobutamine
cardiogenic shock, increases HR\/BP<\/p>\n\n\n\nsynephrine
nasal congestion, increases HR\/BP<\/p>\n\n\n\nplavix
anti-platelet, dont take w\/ other AC’s<\/p>\n\n\n\nheparin antedote
protamine sulfate, labs: xa, aPTT<\/p>\n\n\n\nWarfarin antidote
Vitamin K<\/p>\n\n\n\nnormal INR
2-4<\/p>\n\n\n\nnormal aPTT
25-35 seconds<\/p>\n\n\n\nXarelto antidote
andexanet alfa<\/p>\n\n\n\nalteplase
thrombolytic\/ clot dissolving, off label: IV patency<\/p>\n\n\n\nPenicilins\/ cephalosporins Adverse effects
hypersensitivity, allergic reaction, GI upset<\/p>\n\n\n\npenicillin interaction?
back up BC needed<\/p>\n\n\n\ncephalosporin risks?
hepatotoxicity, displaces biliruben<\/p>\n\n\n\nvanco trough
10-20<\/p>\n\n\n\nvanco risks?
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, rash- RED MAN SYNDROME<\/p>\n\n\n\nflagyl adverse affects?
n\/v\/diarrhea\/ metallic tasting<\/p>\n\n\n\nAugmentin adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting, SEVERE DIARRHEA, hives, itching, and RASH<\/p>\n\n\n\nCephlasporin ex?
ceftriaxone<\/p>\n\n\n\nmacrolides ex?”-mycin”
azithromax, Erythromycin<\/p>\n\n\n\naminoglycosides ex?”-cin”
gentimicin<\/p>\n\n\n\nFluoroquinolones ex?”-oxcin”
levoflaxcin<\/p>\n\n\n\nsulfa ex? “-sulfa”
bacrtim<\/p>\n\n\n\nSulfonamide adverse effects
GI – N\/V
Hypersensitivity
Stevens Johnson syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\nurinary anti-infective?
nitrofurantoin\/ macrobid<\/p>\n\n\n\ntamsulosin for?
BPH, insomnia, ptsd, htn<\/p>\n\n\n\nclonidine for?
htn, drug w\/d, adhd, pain<\/p>\n\n\n\nLevonorgestrel
Plan B, thins uterine lining<\/p>\n\n\n\nmyrena
5 years<\/p>\n\n\n\nskyla
3 years<\/p>\n\n\n\nnexplonon
implantable rod under skin<\/p>\n\n\n\ndepo provera
q12w injection<\/p>\n\n\n\nnormal dig level
0.5-2<\/p>\n\n\n\ndig toxicity s\/s?
Anorexia<\/em><\/strong>*
Brady\/ arrhythmia
visual changes- HALO<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat does doxycycine do to coumadin?
enhances AC effect, monitor INR<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat is florinef for?
glucocorticoid to tx addison’s disease + adrenal insufficiency<\/p>\n\n\n\nFludrocortisone side effects?
h\/a, stomach issues, mentral changes, color of skin changes, increase in fat, slow wound healing, s\/s infex, bone\/joint pain, puffy\/swollen face, increased thirst\/urination, weight gain, muscles weak<\/p>\n\n\n\nanti-diarrheal for IBS?
imodium<\/p>\n\n\n\nantiemetic drugs ex
benadryl, tigan, meclizine, scopolamine, reglan, phenergan, zofran, dexamethasone<\/p>\n\n\n\nlisinopril s\/e?
angioedema
dry cough
hyperkalemia<\/p>\n\n\n\nlosartan s\/e?
angioedema, hyperkalemia<\/p>\n\n\n\nceliac testing
HLA-DQ2\/DQ8 and IgA<\/p>\n\n\n\nSjorgen’s disease testing?
SSA+ and SSB+<\/p>\n\n\n\nHutchinson’s Gilford Progeria syndrome splicing protein?
LMNA protein-progerin<\/p>\n\n\n\nantibody testing for Crohn’s disease?
ASCA antisaccharomyces cerevisiae<\/p>\n\n\n\ntesting for UC?
pANCA perinucular anti-neutrophil cystoplasmatic antibody
stool studies for WBCs<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhat is dactylitis in sickle cell?
severe swelling that affects your fingers or toes (your digits)<\/p>\n\n\n\ntx babies w\/ sickle cell?
folic acid and regular eye exam<\/p>\n\n\n\nantimusinaric effects of schizophrenia meds?
dry mouth, constipation, blurry vision, urinary retention<\/p>\n\n\n\nvitamins for schizophrenia pts?
folic acid and thiamine<\/p>\n\n\n\nlong acting insulin?
NPH, Humulin, Lantus, Levemir<\/p>\n\n\n\nshort acting insulin?
regular, humaog, novolog, apidra<\/p>\n\n\n\nHLA-B*5801 allele effects mostly who?
Asian people<\/p>\n\n\n\nDoxycycline enhances the effects of what AC?
warfarin<\/p>\n\n\n\nmedium dose ICS?
fluticasone, budensonide<\/p>\n\n\n\nblood tests for MG?
acetylcholine and anti-musk antibody<\/p>\n\n\n\nmeds for MG?
prednisone, neostigimine and pyridostigamine<\/p>\n\n\n\nsign of medullary thyroid ca?
elevated calcitonin<\/p>\n\n\n\nhemolytic anemia allelle?
G6PD<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat is CYP3A4?
drug metabolizing enzyme for codeine<\/p>\n\n\n\ncontra estrogen?
smoking<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n35 y.o.
breast feeding
family hx blood clots<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\ncontra progestin?
pregnancy
breast ca
unexplained vag bleeding<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat to assess w\/ celiac dx?
endoscopy + stomach biopsy<\/p>\n\n\n\nPt has elevated ferritin what else to test?
Liver funx test<\/p>\n\n\n\necho showing low cardiac output, what is contributing to this in pt hx?
MI<\/p>\n\n\n\nPeds pt has temp 101, runny nose, barking cough x3d, what to suggest MD order?
PO steroids + breathing txs<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhat does Invokana aid in?
lowers BG + lowers risk of MI\/stroke<\/p>\n\n\n\nCushing pt w\/ dvt-like s\/s related to what?
Elevated Von Willebrand factor (r\/t platelet and subendothelial collagen adhesion)<\/p>\n\n\n\nRemeron off-label use?
sleep aid<\/p>\n\n\n\nAssess s\/e of Zometa injection?
Ca serum levels + Bone scan<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat cant a breastfeeding mom use?
combined contraceptive<\/p>\n\n\n\nwhat does Lantus injection cause for some pts?
stinging @ injection site A<\/p>\n\n\n\nNSAIDs lower the effectiveness of what class of meds?
ACE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"WGU D027 Advanced Pathopharmacological Foundations Quiz Bank (Latest 2023\/ 2024 Update) | Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A WGU D027 Advanced PathopharmacologicalFoundations Quiz Bank (Latest 2023\/ 2024Update) | Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Grade AQ: A 45-year-old Jewish man is visiting a clinic for an adjustment of his diabetes medications.Though the patient is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130886\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}