{"id":131388,"date":"2024-01-13T15:45:58","date_gmt":"2024-01-13T15:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=131388"},"modified":"2024-01-13T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-13T15:46:00","slug":"exam-4-nsg223-nsg-223-latest-2024-2025-update-med-surg-2-exam-guide-questions-and-verified-answers-100-correct-grade-a-herzing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2024\/01\/13\/exam-4-nsg223-nsg-223-latest-2024-2025-update-med-surg-2-exam-guide-questions-and-verified-answers-100-correct-grade-a-herzing\/","title":{"rendered":"Exam 4: NSG223\/ NSG 223 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| Guide Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Herzing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Exam 4: NSG223\/ NSG 223 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| Guide Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Herzing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exam 4: NSG223\/ NSG 223 (Latest 2024\/<br>2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| Guide<br>Questions and Verified Answers| 100%<br>Correct| Grade A- Herzing<br>Q: Loss of Proprioception<br>Answer:<br>Loss of proprioception: ability to perceive the position of your body in space<br>Q: Ischemic Stroke Symptoms<br>Answer:<br>Hemiplegia<br>Hemiparesis<br>Dysarthria<br>Apraxia<br>Dysphasia<br>Dysphagia<br>Aphasia: difficulty communicating<br>Expressive: Cannot answer, knows answer but cannot get it out<br>Receptive: Do not understand what you are saying<br>Global: Both<br>Loss of proprioception: ability to perceive the position of your body in space<br>Facial Droop<br>Q: Hemorrhagic Stroke Nursing Assessment<br>Answer:<br>CT<br>MRI to determine extent of damage<br>Under 40- Drug Screen<br>No Lumbar Puncture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aneurysm Precautions: bed rest laying down, dim lights, SCD (leg squeezers), need them to turn<br>still, stool softeners<br>Environment: Quiet, head of bed 30 degrees<br>Bowel\/Bladder<br>Lighting<br>Prevention<br>Bed Rest<br>Sedation<br>If INR high, use Vitamin K and plasma<br>Q: Hemorrhagic Pharmacological Treatment<br>Answer:<br>If caused by elevated INR due to Warfarin<br>Reverse INR with FFP and Vitamin K<br>If caused by NOACs: Idarucizumab (Praxbind) reverses dabigatran (Pradaxa)<br>Seizures: phenytoin (Dilantin) (more likely for seizures)<br>Anti-hypertensives (ACE favored)<br>Analgesics for pain<br>Acetaminophen for fever<br>Antidepressants<br>Q: Ischemic Pharmacological Treatment<br>Answer:<br>Anticoagulants: Warfarin INR Goal 2-3<br>NOACs: do not have to check INR or APTT often<br>Dabigatran (Pradaxa) (only one with reversal)<br>Apixaban (Eliquis) &amp; Edoxaban (Savaysa) &amp; Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)<br>Antiplatelet: Plavix &amp; Aspirin<br>Statins: Helpful in reducing risk of ischemic stroke (even in those who do not need their<br>cholesterol decreased)<br>Antihypertensives: (ACE preferred with or without a diuretic)<br>Oxygen<br>THROMBOLYTICS (tPA, Alteplase)<br>Clot Buster- ISCHEMIC ONLY, symptoms started less than 3 hours ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Q: Cataract Discharge Teaching<br>Answer:<br>An eye shield is usually worn at night for the first week to avoid injury. The nurse also explains<br>that there should be minimal discomfort after surgery and educates the patient about taking a<br>mild analgesic agent, such as acetaminophen, as needed. Antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and<br>corticosteroid eye drops or ointments are prescribed postoperatively. Patients prescribed antiinflammatory or corticosteroid eye drops are monitored for possible increases in IOP<br>Q: Macular Degeneration Patient Education<br>Answer:<br>Amsler grids are given to patients to use in their homes to monitor for a sudden onset or<br>distortion of vision. These may provide the earliest sign that macular degeneration is getting<br>worse. Patients should be encouraged to look at these grids, one eye at a time, several times each<br>week with glasses on if needed for corrected near vision. If there is a change in the way the grid<br>appears to the patient (e.g., if the lines or squares appear distorted or faded), the patient should<br>notify the ophthalmologist immediately and should arrange to be seen promptly<br>Q: Nursing Assessment of Cataracts<br>Answer:<br>Decreased visual acuity is directly proportionate to cataract density. The Snellen visual acuity<br>test, ophthalmoscopy, and slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination are used to establish the degree<br>of cataract formation. The degree of lens opacity does not always correlate with the patient&#8217;s<br>functional status. Some patients can perform normal activities despite clinically significant<br>cataracts. Others with less lens opacification have a disproportionate decrease in visual acuity;<br>hence, visual acuity is an imperfect measure of visual impairment.<br>Q: Glaucoma Cholinergic Medications<br>Answer:<br>Cholinergic (Miotics) (Pilocarpine &amp; Carbachol): Increase aqueous fluid outflow by contracting<br>the ciliary muscle and causing constriction of pupil and opening up meshwork. Side Effects:<br>Periorbital pain, blurry vision, difficulty seeing in dark. Implications: Caution patients about<br>Powered by <a href=\"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/search\/study?query=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/learnexams.com\/search\/study?query=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke<br>Hypertension<br>Diabetes<br>Hyperlipidemia (low cholesterol diet &amp; increase fiber)<br>Smoking<br>Obesity<br>Stress<br>Diet (bad-high fat, processed) &amp; Exercise<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke<br>Age (55+)<br>Gender (Male)<br>Race (African American &amp; Hispanic)<br>Family History\/Genetics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stroke Nursing Assessment<br>CT Scan- Rapid! (25 min) (check renal function)<br>Neuro Assessment<br>Balance &amp; Coordination<br>Speech<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hemiplegia &amp; Hemiparesis Definitions<br>Hemiplegia (half of body paralyzed)<br>Hemiparesis (half of body weakness)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dysarthria &amp; Apraxia Definitions<br>Dysarthria (slurred speech)<br>Apraxia (substitutes wrong words)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dysphasia &amp; Dysphagia<br>Dysphasia (difficulty speaking)<br>Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aphasia: Expressive vs. Receptive<br>Aphasia: difficulty communicating<br>Expressive: Cannot answer, knows answer but cannot get it out<br>Receptive: Do not understand what you are saying<br>Global: Both<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Loss of Proprioception<br>Loss of proprioception: ability to perceive the position of your body in space<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ischemic Stroke Symptoms<br>Hemiplegia<br>Hemiparesis<br>Dysarthria<br>Apraxia<br>Dysphasia<br>Dysphagia<br>Aphasia: difficulty communicating<br>Expressive: Cannot answer, knows answer but cannot get it out<br>Receptive: Do not understand what you are saying<br>Global: Both<br>Loss of proprioception: ability to perceive the position of your body in space<br>Facial Droop<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hemorrhagic Stroke Nursing Assessment<br>CT<br>MRI to determine extent of damage<br>Under 40- Drug Screen<br>No Lumbar Puncture<br>Aneurysm Precautions: bed rest laying down, dim lights, SCD (leg squeezers), need them to turn still, stool softeners<br>Environment: Quiet, head of bed 30 degrees<br>Bowel\/Bladder<br>Lighting<br>Prevention<br>Bed Rest<br>Sedation<br>If INR high, use Vitamin K and plasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hemorrhagic Pharmacological Treatment<br>If caused by elevated INR due to Warfarin<br>Reverse INR with FFP and Vitamin K<br>If caused by NOACs: Idarucizumab (Praxbind) reverses dabigatran (Pradaxa)<br>Seizures: phenytoin (Dilantin) (more likely for seizures)<br>Anti-hypertensives (ACE favored)<br>Analgesics for pain<br>Acetaminophen for fever<br>Antidepressants<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ischemic Pharmacological Treatment<br>Anticoagulants: Warfarin INR Goal 2-3<br>NOACs: do not have to check INR or APTT often<br>Dabigatran (Pradaxa) (only one with reversal)<br>Apixaban (Eliquis) &amp; Edoxaban (Savaysa) &amp; Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)<br>Antiplatelet: Plavix &amp; Aspirin<br>Statins: Helpful in reducing risk of ischemic stroke (even in those who do not need their cholesterol decreased)<br>Antihypertensives: (ACE preferred with or without a diuretic)<br>Oxygen<br>THROMBOLYTICS (tPA, Alteplase)<br>Clot Buster- ISCHEMIC ONLY, symptoms started less than 3 hours ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cataract Discharge Teaching<br>An eye shield is usually worn at night for the first week to avoid injury. The nurse also explains that there should be minimal discomfort after surgery and educates the patient about taking a mild analgesic agent, such as acetaminophen, as needed. Antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and corticosteroid eye drops or ointments are prescribed postoperatively. Patients prescribed anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid eye drops are monitored for possible increases in IOP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macular Degeneration Patient Education<br>Amsler grids are given to patients to use in their homes to monitor for a sudden onset or distortion of vision. These may provide the earliest sign that macular degeneration is getting worse. Patients should be encouraged to look at these grids, one eye at a time, several times each week with glasses on if needed for corrected near vision. If there is a change in the way the grid appears to the patient (e.g., if the lines or squares appear distorted or faded), the patient should notify the ophthalmologist immediately and should arrange to be seen promptly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nursing Assessment of Cataracts<br>Decreased visual acuity is directly proportionate to cataract density. The Snellen visual acuity test, ophthalmoscopy, and slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination are used to establish the degree of cataract formation. The degree of lens opacity does not always correlate with the patient&#8217;s functional status. Some patients can perform normal activities despite clinically significant cataracts. Others with less lens opacification have a disproportionate decrease in visual acuity; hence, visual acuity is an imperfect measure of visual impairment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Cholinergic Medications<br>Cholinergic (Miotics) (Pilocarpine &amp; Carbachol): Increase aqueous fluid outflow by contracting the ciliary muscle and causing constriction of pupil and opening up meshwork. Side Effects: Periorbital pain, blurry vision, difficulty seeing in dark. Implications: Caution patients about diminished vision in dim lit areas. Pilocarpine can be stored at room temp for up to 8 weeks, then should be discarded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Beta Blockers<br>Beta-Blockers (Timolol Maleate): Decrease aqueous humor production. Side Effects: Systemic effects like bradycardia, exacerbation of pulmonary disease, and hypotension. Implications: Contraindicated in patients with asthma, COPD, heart block, bradycardia, heart failure, and education patients about punctual occlusion to limit systemic effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists<br>Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists (Apraclonidine &amp; Brimonidine): Decrease aqueous humor production. Side Effects: Eye redness, dry mouth, and nasal passages. Implications: Education about punctual occlusion to limit systemic effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Caronic Anhydrase Inhibitors<br>Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide &amp; Dorzolamide) Decrease aqueous humor production. Implications: Do not give to patients with sulfa allergies and monitor electrolyte levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Prostaglandin Analogics<br>Prostaglandin Analogics (Latanoprost &amp; Bimatoprost): Increase uveoscleral outflow. Side Effects: Darkening of the iris, conjunctival redness, possible rash. Implications: Instruct patients to report any side effects<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Laser Trabeculoplasty<br>In laser trabeculoplasty for glaucoma, a laser beam is applied to the inner surface of the trabecular meshwork to open the intratrabecular spaces and widen the canal of Schlemm, promoting outflow of aqueous humor and decreasing IOP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Peripheral Iridotomy<br>Peripheral iridotomy for pupillary block glaucoma, an opening is made in the iris to eliminate the pupillary blockage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Filtering<br>Filtering procedures for glaucoma are used to create an opening or fistula in the trabecular meshwork to drain aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctival space into a bleb (fluid collection on the outside of the eye), thereby bypassing the usual drainage structures. This allows the aqueous humor to flow and exit by different routes (i.e., absorption by the conjunctival vessels or mixing with tears). Trabeculectomy is the standard filtering technique used to remove part of the trabecular meshwork<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Drainage Implants\/Shunts<br>Drainage implants or shunts are tubes implanted in the anterior chamber to shunt aqueous humor to the episcleral plate in the conjunctival space. Implants are used when failure has occurred with one or more trabeculectomies in which antifibrotic agents were used<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Risk Factors for Glaucoma<br>African American race<br>Cardiovascular disease<br>Diabetes<br>Family history of glaucoma<br>Migraine syndromes<br>Nearsightedness (myopia)<br>Older age<br>Previous eye trauma<br>Prolonged use of topical or systemic corticosteroids<br>Thin cornea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>General Nursing Guidelines for the Administration of Topical Ophthalmic Medications<br>Topical application is the most common route of administration for ophthalmic drugs, and correct administration is essential for optimal therapeutic effects.<br>Systemic absorption of eyedrops can be decreased by closing the eye and applying pressure over the tear duct (nasolacrimal occlusion) for 3 to 5 minutes after instillation.<br>When multiple eyedrops are required, there should be an interval of 5 to 10 minutes between drops because of limited eye capacity and rapid drainage into tear ducts.<br>Absorption of eye medications is increased in eye disorders associated with hyperemia and inflammation.<br>Many ophthalmic drugs are available as eyedrops (solutions or suspensions) and ointments. Ointments are administered less frequently than drops and often produce higher concentrations of drugs in target tissues. However, they also cause blurred vision, which limits their daytime use, at least for ambulatory patients. For some patients, drops may be used during waking hours and ointments at bedtime.<br>Topical ophthalmic medications should not be used after the expiration date; cloudy, discolored solutions should be discarded.<br>Topical eye medications contain a number of inactive ingredients, such as preservatives, buffers, tonicity drugs, antioxidants, and so on. Some contain sulfites, to which some people may have an allergic reaction.<br>Some eyedrops contain benzalkonium hydrochloride, a preservative, which is absorbed by soft contact lenses. The medications should not be applied while wearing soft contacts and should be instilled 15 minutes or longer before inserting soft contacts.<br>To increase safety and accuracy of ophthalmic drug therapy, the labels and caps of eye medications are color-coded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Urine Ouput Hint from Professor<br>if the question gives you the patients weight, then you calculate the minimum urine output 05.ml\/kg\/hr. If the question does NOT give you the patient&#8217;s weight, the minimum urine output is 30ml\/hr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Creatine Level<br>0.6-1.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BUN Level<br>6-24<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na Level<br>135-145<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K Level<br>3.5-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WBC Level<br>4.5-11<br>4,500 &#8211; 11,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Platelets Level<br>150-450<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Symptoms<br>Assess blurry vision<br>Loss of peripheral vision and see halos<br>Aching in eyes\/headaches<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaucoma Risk Factors<br>diabetes, older age, migraine, runs in family<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trabeculectomy<br>laser to make hole in the mesh work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Timolol: Purpose, Contraindications, and Adverse Effects<br>The purpose of the administration of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs is to decrease the IOP<br>beta blocker,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contraindications include asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as heart failure, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock. Known hypersensitivity to timolol is also a contraindication. (do not give asthmatics or bradycardic patients)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common adverse effects associated with timolol are burning and stinging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ocular Disorder Patient Education<br>Wear sunglasses<br>Keep blood pressure down<br>Eye exams<br>Do not share eye makeup or medications<br>Treat symptoms with over the counter for 3 days then go to doctor<br>If they have multiple eye drops they must be given 5-10 min apart, pressure on lacrimal duct 3-5 min<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Symptoms of Meningitis<br>Headache and fever are frequently the initial symptoms. Fever tends to remain high throughout the course of the illness. The headache is usually either steady or throbbing and very severe as a result of meningeal irritation<br>A stiff and painful neck (nuchal rigidity) can be an early sign, and any attempts at flexion of the head are difficult because of spasms in the muscles of the neck<br>Positive Kernig sign: When the patient is lying with the thigh flexed on the abdomen, the leg cannot be completely extended<br>Rash<br>Photophobia<br>Positive Brudzinski Sign<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meningitis Can Be<br>Bacterial, viral, fungal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What medications are given to meningitis patients?<br>Broad spectrum antibiotics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dexamethasone: steroid to decrease inflammation, helps absorption of antibiotic<br>Give 15-20 min before IV antibiotics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What cannot be done in meningitis with increased ICP<br>Lumbar Puncture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Viral Meningitis Medications<br>Antipyretic<br>Pain Meds<br>Increase risk of seizures<br>Cooling Blanket<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TIA Risk Factors<br>Same as stroke<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LPN Delegation<br>Give meds<br>No care plans<br>No Education<br>No IV Push Meds<br>No IV sedation<br>Can do head to toe, but you look at info as RN<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First Line Treatments of Cancer<br>Adjuvant treatment and symptom management<br>Continues education and support<br>Home Care<br>PT<br>Toxicity assessment and management<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second &amp; Third Line Treatments Cancer<br>Increasing acuity, Increasing symptom experience, Changes in functional status and quality of life<br>Palliative care<br>Continued education and support<br>Home Care<br>Pt<br>Nutrition<br>Toxicity assessment and management<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hemorrhagic Stroke 2 Meds<br>Mannitol &amp; Hypertonic Solution: 3% NS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Death &amp; Dying Medications<br>Morphine<br>Ativan (no benzos with delirium)<br>Haldol if they cannot have benzo<br>Atropine eye drops that go sublingual<br>Scopolamine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hospice Things to Know<br>Chey-Stokes Respiratory<br>Might get more energy right before death<br>Nutrition they might not want to eat as much, give them whatever they want but do not push too much<br>Make room free of odors<br>Give pain meds on schedule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tool for Macular Degeneration<br>Amsler Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alkalating Agents (Names)<br>Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alkalating Agents (Mechanism of Action)<br>Bond with DNA, RNA and protein molecules leading to impaired DNA replication &#8211; resulting in cell death<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alykalating Agents What to Know<br>Hard on Kidneys (BUN, Creatinine, Creatinine Clearance &amp; Electrolytes &amp; I&amp;O)<br>Nausea Vomiting, Hair Loss, Stomatitis<br>Neurotoxicity when exposed to cold environment and foods(hands &amp; feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitrosoureas (Name)<br>Lomustine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitrosoureas (Mechanism of Action)<br>Same as alkylating agents; cross blood-brain barrier<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bond with DNA, RNA and protein molecules leading to impaired DNA replication &#8211; resulting in cell death<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitrosoureas (What to know)<br>Can cause thrombocytopenia, nausea &amp; vomiting<br>Hard on liver &amp; kidney<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topoisomerase Inhibitors (Names)<br>Topotecan, Teniposide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topoisomerase Inhibitors (Mechanism of Action)<br>Induce breaks in DNA strand by binding to enzyme topoisomerase, preventing cells from dividing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topoisomerase Inhibitors (what to know)<br>Topotecan: Flu-Like<br>Bone marrow suppression (WBC, RBC, Platelets)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antimetabolites (Names)<br>Hydroxyurea, Methotrexate,<br>5-Fluorouracil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antimetabolites (Mechanism of Action)<br>Interferes with the biosynthesis of metabolites or nucleic acids necessary for RNA and DNA synthesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antimetabolites (What to know)<br>Methotrexate: toxic to kidneys<br>Bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antitumor Antibiotics (names)<br>Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)<br>Epirubicin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antitumor Antibiotics (Mechanism of Action)<br>Interfere with DNA synthesis by binding DNA and preventing RNA synthesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antitumor Antibiotics (What to know)<br>Doxorubicin: Can cause red urine<br>Bone marrow suppression<br>Alopecia<br>Cardiac Toxicity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miotic Spindle Inhibitors (names)<br>Vincristine, Paclitaxel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miotic Spindle Inhibitors (MOA)<br>Arrest metaphase by inhibiting tubulin depolymerization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miotic Spindle Inhibitors (side effects)<br>Bone marrow suppression<br>Stomatitis<br>Peripheral Neuropathy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hormonal Agents &amp; Cancer<br>Hormonal Agents<br>Estrogen, progestin, steroids, aromatase inhibitors.<br>Bind to hormone receptor sites that alter cellular growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lethal Tumor Dose<br>Dose that will eradicate 95% of the tumor and preserve normal tissue<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)<br>Denial<br>Anger<br>Bargaining<br>Depression<br>Acceptance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advanced Directive<br>Written documents that allow the individual of sound mind to document preferences regarding end-of-life care that should be followed when the signer is terminally ill and unable to verbally communicate their wishes. The documents are generally completed in advance of serious illness but may be completed after a diagnosis of serious illness if the signer is still of sound mind. The most common types are the durable power of attorney for health care and the living will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Palliative Care<br>Palliative: Holistic care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment. &#8216;Symptom Management&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Palliative Care &amp; Hospice Setting:<br>Hospital<br>Skilled Nursing Facilities and Assisted Living Facilities<br>Home<br>Inpatient Hospice Center<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Palliative &amp; Hospice<br>Bridge between cure-oriented treatment and the needs of terminally ill patients and their families for comprehensive care in the final years, months, or weeks of life<br>Optimize quality of life by anticipating, preventing, and treating suffering<br>ALL symptoms: physical, psychosocial, spiritual<br>Offered concurrently with or independent of curative or life-prolonging care<br>Goal: improve patient&#8217;s and family&#8217;s quality of life<br>All hospice care is palliative care, but not all palliative care is hospice care<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What to know about teaching for internal radiation<br>No pregnant people or children in the room<br>Visitors have max of 30 min per day in the room<br>Radioactive sign on door with door closed<br>Stay 6 feet away from patient<br>Wear a device that measures radiation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cancer Surgical Treatments<br>Biopsy: Obtain a sample to perform pathology on. May also take sample of nearby lymph nodes. Help determine if tumor is malignant and grade\/stage of the tumor<br>Surgical removal of the entire cancer remains the ideal and most frequently used treatment method<br>Prophylactic Surgery: HIGH RISK patients. Ex: Breast CA with BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Colectomy, mastectomy, oophorectomy (examples)<br>Palliative Surgery: Surgical cure not possible. Goal is to relive symptoms and make patient as comfortable as possible<br>Reconstructive Surgery: Attempt to improve function or obtain a more desirable cosmetic effect. Ex: After mastectomy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mammogram<br>Age 45-54: annual<br>Age 55 and up: every other year<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pap smear<br>Age 21-29: every 3 years<br>Age 30-65: every 5 years<br>Age 66 and up: NA unless past abnormal results<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colorectal Screen<br>Starting at AGE 45!<br>Colonoscopy every 10 years (if normal and low risk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lung Screening<br>CT scan if over age 55 and 30+ pack\/year smoking history<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prostate Screening<br>Age 50: Every other year (if under 2.5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary Cancer Prevention<br>Use of immunization to reduce risk of cancer. Ex: HPV and HBV vaccines<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondary Cancer Prevention<br>Screening and early detection activities. Ex: Colonoscopy, PSA, CBC<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tertiary Cancer Prevention<br>Monitoring for and preventing recurrence of primary cancer and screening for development of second malignancies in cancer survivors. Ex: CT every 3 months, then 6 months, then yearly, etc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cancer Prevention 2 things<br>150 minutes of exercise of week<br>1 alcoholic drink a day<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exam 4: NSG223\/ NSG 223 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| Guide Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Herzing Exam 4: NSG223\/ NSG 223 (Latest 2024\/2025 Update) Med Surg 2 Exam| GuideQuestions and Verified Answers| 100%Correct| Grade A- HerzingQ: Loss of ProprioceptionAnswer:Loss of proprioception: ability to perceive the position of your [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}