{"id":131687,"date":"2024-01-20T08:04:54","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T08:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=131687"},"modified":"2024-01-20T08:04:56","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T08:04:56","slug":"hesi-nsg222-nsg-222-latest-2024-2025-update-family-nursing-review-with-questions-and-verified-answers-100-correct-grade-a-herzing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2024\/01\/20\/hesi-nsg222-nsg-222-latest-2024-2025-update-family-nursing-review-with-questions-and-verified-answers-100-correct-grade-a-herzing\/","title":{"rendered":"HESI NSG222\/ NSG 222 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Family Nursing | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Herzing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>HESI NSG222\/ NSG 222 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Family Nursing | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Herzing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HESI NSG222\/ NSG 222 (Latest 2024\/ 2025<br>Update) Family Nursing | Review with<br>Questions and Verified Answers| 100%<br>Correct| Grade A- Herzing<br>Q: Pregnancy test hormone<br>Answer:<br>An hCG level &lt;5 mIU\/mL is considered negative for pregnancy Anything &gt;25 mIU\/mL is considered positive for pregnancy.<br>\u00b7 ELISA- measures the blood &amp; urine; 99% effective!<br>Q: Heartburn and Indigestion<br>Answer:<br>The pain may radiate to the neck and throat. It worsens when the woman lies down, bends over<br>after eating, or wears tight clothes<br>Q: Pregnancy-positive sign<br>Answer:<br>Visualizing the fetus by ultrasound, palpating for fetal movements, &amp; hearing a fetal heartbeat<br>are all signs that make the pregnancy a certainty.<br>Q: Vaginal discharge-pregnancy<br>Answer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most women experience an increase in a whitish vaginal discharge, called leukorrhea, during<br>pregnancy.<br>\u00b7 This is normal except when it is accompanied by itching &amp; irritation, possibly suggesting<br>Candida albicans, a monilial vaginitis<br>Q: Urinary changes<br>Answer:<br>As more blood flows to the kidneys, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases, leading to an<br>increase in urine flow and volume,<br>Q: Weight gain in pregnancy<br>Answer:<br>\u00b7 A woman who is underweight before pregnancy or who has a low maternal weight gain pattern<br>should be monitored carefully because she is at risk of giving birth to a low-birth-weight infant<br>(lighter than 2,500 g or 5.5 lb).<br>Encourage the woman to eat snacks that are high in calories such as nuts, peanut butter,<br>milkshakes, cheese, fruit, yogurt, &amp; ice cream.<br>Q: Indigestion-3rd trimester<br>Answer:<br>Avoid spicy or greasy foods and eat small frequent meals.<br>\u00b7 Sleep on several pillows so that your head is elevated 30 degrees.<br>\u00b7 Stop smoking &amp; avoid caffeinated drinks to reduce stimulation.<br>\u00b7 Avoid lying down for at least three hrs after meals.<br>\u00b7 Try drinking sips of water to reduce burning sensation.<br>\u00b7 Avoid foods that trigger symptoms\u2014fried foods, citrus, soda, chocolate<br>Q: Exercise-prepare for labor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Answer:<br>\u00b7 At least 30 min of moderate-intense physical activity daily is recommended.<br>Federal physical activity guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity<br>exercise per week during pregnancy<br>Q: Pregnancy-air travel<br>Answer:<br>Is generally safe for the pregnant woman up to 36 weeks of gestation.<br>The woman should be counseled to avoid long periods of sitting because of the risk of<br>developing thromboembolism<br>Q: Vaginal Examination<br>Answer:<br>After donning sterile gloves, the examiner inserts their index and middle fingers into the vaginal<br>introitus. Next, the cervix is palpated to assess dilation, effacement, and position (e.g., posterior<br>or anterior). If the cervix is open to any degree, the presenting fetal part, fetal position, station,<br>and presence of molding can be assessed. In addition, the membranes can be evaluated and<br>described as intact, bulging, or ruptured.<br>Q: Rupture of Membranes<br>Answer:<br>When membranes rupture, the priority focus should be on assessing fetal heart rate (FHR) first to<br>identify a deceleration, which might indicate cord compression secondary to cord prolapse.<br>If the membranes are ruptured when the woman comes to the hospital, the (HCP) should<br>ascertain when this occurred.<br>Q: Food in labor<br>Powered by <a href=\"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/search\/study?query=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/learnexams.com\/search\/study?query=<\/a><br>Oral Contraception OCs should be taken at the same time dailyPOPs must be taken at a certain time every 24 hrs.POPs are appropriate for women who cannot or should not take estrogen in combined OCs, for example, a woman older than 35 yrs who smokes cigarettes<br>Genetics-PKU Autosomal recessive inherited disorders occur when both parents have the gene!<br>intimate partner violence If assessment reveals suspicion or actual indication of abuse, nurses can explain to the woman that they are required by law to report it.<br>Cervix Between weeks 6 &amp; 8 of pregnancy, the cervix begins to soften (Goodell sign) d\/t vasocongestion &amp; the influence of estrogenCervical ripening (softening, effacement, &amp; increased distensibility) begins about 4 wks before birth.<br>Prenatal care for women with Type 1 DM . Women should be checking their blood sugars 4 times a day, eat 3 meals plus 3 snacks a day to promote glycemic control, be physically active daily. Women should be doing daily fetal movements counts once movement is felt to monitor fetal well-being.<br>Childbirth Education Classes As part of health promotion and evidence-based interventions, nurses should be encouraging and educating all women about breastfeeding while respecting the parents&#8217; ultimate decision.Many childbirth classes support the concept of natural childbirth (a birth without pain-relieving medications) so that the woman can be in control throughout the experience as much as she chooses.<br>Pregnancy test hormone An hCG level &lt;5 mIU\/mL is considered negative for pregnancyAnything >25 mIU\/mL is considered positive for pregnancy.\u00b7 ELISA- measures the blood &amp; urine; 99% effective!<br>Heartburn and Indigestion The pain may radiate to the neck and throat. It worsens when the woman lies down, bends over after eating, or wears tight clothes<br>Pregnancy-positive sign Visualizing the fetus by ultrasound, palpating for fetal movements, &amp; hearing a fetal heartbeat are all signs that make the pregnancy a certainty.<br>Vaginal discharge-pregnancy Most women experience an increase in a whitish vaginal discharge, called leukorrhea, during pregnancy.\u00b7 This is normal except when it is accompanied by itching &amp; irritation, possibly suggesting Candida albicans, a monilial vaginitis<br>Urinary changes As more blood flows to the kidneys, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases, leading to an increase in urine flow and volume,<br>Weight gain in pregnancy \u00b7 A woman who is underweight before pregnancy or who has a low maternal weight gain pattern should be monitored carefully because she is at risk of giving birth to a low-birth-weight infant (lighter than 2,500 g or 5.5 lb).Encourage the woman to eat snacks that are high in calories such as nuts, peanut butter, milkshakes, cheese, fruit, yogurt, &amp; ice cream.<br>Indigestion-3rd trimester Avoid spicy or greasy foods and eat small frequent meals.\u00b7 Sleep on several pillows so that your head is elevated 30 degrees.\u00b7 Stop smoking &amp; avoid caffeinated drinks to reduce stimulation.\u00b7 Avoid lying down for at least three hrs after meals.\u00b7 Try drinking sips of water to reduce burning sensation.\u00b7 Avoid foods that trigger symptoms\u2014fried foods, citrus, soda, chocolate<br>Exercise-prepare for labor \u00b7 At least 30 min of moderate-intense physical activity daily is recommended.Federal physical activity guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week during pregnancy<br>Pregnancy-air travel Is generally safe for the pregnant woman up to 36 weeks of gestation. The woman should be counseled to avoid long periods of sitting because of the risk of developing thromboembolism<br>Vaginal Examination After donning sterile gloves, the examiner inserts their index and middle fingers into the vaginal introitus. Next, the cervix is palpated to assess dilation, effacement, and position (e.g., posterior or anterior). If the cervix is open to any degree, the presenting fetal part, fetal position, station, and presence of molding can be assessed. In addition, the membranes can be evaluated and described as intact, bulging, or ruptured.<br>Rupture of Membranes When membranes rupture, the priority focus should be on assessing fetal heart rate (FHR) first to identify a deceleration, which might indicate cord compression secondary to cord prolapse.If the membranes are ruptured when the woman comes to the hospital, the (HCP) should ascertain when this occurred.<br>Food in labor Maternal physiologic responses in labor include decreased gastric motility &amp; decreased food absorption, which may increase the risk of nausea &amp; vomiting during the transition stage of labor. Gastric emptying &amp; gastric pH decrease, which increases the risk of vomiting &amp; aspiration.<br>Pitocin Synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin) is also used to induce or augment labor by stimulating uterine contractions.It is administered piggybacked into the primary IV line w\/ an infusion pump titrated to uterine activity.The most common adverse effect of oxytocin is uterine hyperstimulation, leading to fetal compromise &amp; impaired oxygenationSymptoms to watch for include headache &amp; vomiting.<br>Assessments after delivery During the first hr after birth, vital signs are taken every 15 min, then every 30 min for the next hr if needed. A decrease may indicate uterine hemorrhage; an elevation might suggest preeclampsia.<br>Rooting A reflex when touched on the cheek, the infant turns the head looking for foodMost newborns will give clues about their hunger status by crying, placing their fingers or fist in their mouth, rooting around, &amp; sucking.<br>Fundal massage Assess fundal height, position, &amp; firmness every 15 min during the first hr following birth. The fundus needs to remain firm to prevent excessive postpartum bleeding. The fundus should be firm (feels like the size &amp; consistency of a grapefruit), located in the mid line &amp; below the umbilicus. If it is not firm (boggy), gently massage it until it is firm<br>Neutropenia and Neutropenia Neutropenia is a common side effect in people w\/ leukemiaGoogle: Cancer chemotherapy is a common cause of neutropenia. In addition to killing cancer cells, chemotherapy can also destroy neutrophils &amp; other healthy cells.Google: the presence of abnormally few neutrophils in the blood, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. It is an undesirable side effect of some cancer Tx<br>Labor induction stimulation of contractions prior to spontaneous laborEnsure an informed consent has been signed after the client &amp; her partner have received complete information about the procedure, including its advantages, disadvantages, &amp; potential risks.<br>LABOR INDUCTION Evidence is compelling that elective induction of labor significantly increases the risk of cesarean birth, increased time spent in labor &amp; birth, instrumented delivery, use of epidural analgesia, &amp; neonatal ICU<br>Pregnancy-air travel \u00b7 2nd trimester is perhaps the best time to travel because there is the least chance of complications.\u00b7 3rd trimester should be advised to defer overseas travel because of concerns about access to medical care in case of problems such as hypertension; Zika virus &amp; malaria infection from mosquito bites; phlebitis; or premature labor<br>Caput succedaneum Crosses the suture lines. Resolves within the first few days.\u00b7 Along with molding, fluid can also collect in the scalp (caput succedaneum).\u00b7 Caput succedaneum can be described as edema of the scalp at the presenting part. This swelling crosses suture lines &amp; disappears within 3 to 4 days.<br>Fetal position \u00b7 Progressive fetal descent (\u22125 to +4) is the expected norm during labor\u2014moving downward from the negative stations to zero station to the positive stations in a timely manner.\u00b7 Leopold maneuvers are a method for determining the presentation, position, &amp; lie of the fetus through the use of four specific steps.<br>Variable deceleration-action 1. Notify the (HCP) about the pattern &amp; obtain further orders, making sure to document all interventions and their effects on the FHR pattern.2. Discontinue oxytocin or other uterotonic agent as dictated by the facility&#8217;s protocol, if it is being administered.3. Turn the client on her left or right lateral, knee-chest, or hands &amp; knees to increase placental perfusion or relieve cord compression.4. Administer O2 via a nonrebreather face mask to increase fetal oxygenation.5. Increase the IV fluid rate to improve intravascular volume &amp; correct maternal hypotension.<br>HIV Positive Delivery Breastfeeding is a major contributing factor for mother-to-child transmission, &amp; the infected mother must be informed about this Drug therapy is the mainstay of Tx for pregnant women infected w\/ HIV. The standard Tx is oral antiretroviral drugs given daily until giving birth, IV administration during labor, &amp; oral zidovudine (AZT) for the newborn within 6 to 12 hrs of birth<br>Abruptio Placenta Premature separation of the placentaWhen the woman arrives at the facility, place her on strict bed rest &amp; in a left lateral position to prevent pressure on the vena cava. This position provides uninterrupted perfusion to the fetus.<br>Hearing &#8211; assess Communication-hearing impaired Talk w\/ families about how they need to learn how to communicate effectively w\/ their childTeach families that communication may also be enhanced by the use of text telephone service in the home, closed-caption television, &amp; lights rather than bells or alarms to alert the child. Provide a sign language interpreter for the child at health care visits if the parent is not present for interpretation.<br>Vomiting &amp; diarrhea-no tears Newborn &#8211; bowel Diarrhea Assessment: Note the child&#8217;s general appearance &amp; color. Note decreased tear production, sunken orbits, or dry mucous membranes w\/ moderate to severe dehydrationChildren are at an increased risk for dehydration when they are having diarrhea.<br>Thrombocytopenia Action Many children require no medical Tx except observation &amp; reevaluation of laboratory values.Educate the family about avoiding aspirin, (NSAIDs), &amp; antihistamines because these meds may precipitate the development of anemia in these children. The use of Tylenol for pain control is more appropriate when necessary. Teach the family to prevent trauma by avoiding activities that may cause injury, such as contact sports. Instead, encourage activities, such as swimming, that provide physical activity w\/ less risk of trauma.<br>VP Shunt-hydrocephalus The goals of treatment include relieving hydrocephalus and managing complications associated with the disorder, such as growth and developmental delay. Most cases of hydrocephalus are treated with the surgical placement of an extracranial shunt. Most often, a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is placed. The shunt will need to be replaced as the child grows. Therefore, the child will undergo shunt revision surgery at various times during his or her life.<br>Episiotomy-assess \u00b7 Inspect the episiotomy for irritation, ecchymosis, tenderness, or hematomas. Assess for hemorrhoids &amp; their condition.\u00b7 The normal episiotomy site should not have redness, discharge, or edema.<br>Episiotomy Assessment and Care Assessment with REEDA\u2022Redness\u2022Edema\u2022Ecchymosis\u2022Discharge\u2022ApproximationCare\u2022Ice packs\u2022Sitz bath\u2022Analgesic spray and PO meds\u2022Perineal hygiene w\/ spray bottle, tucks pads<br>Breast engorgement-Tx Tx to reduce the pain of breast engorgement include Heat or cold applicationsCabbage leaf compressesBreast massage &amp; milk expressionUltrasoundBreast pumping, &amp; antiinflammatory agents<br>Fundal massage-tenchique \u00b7 The fundus should be midline &amp; should feel firm. A boggy or relaxed uterus is a sign of uterine atony (loss of muscle tone in the uterus).\u00b7 Using a two-handed approach w\/ the woman in the supine position w\/ her knees flexed slightly &amp; the bed in a flat position or as low as possible, palpate the abdomen gently, feeling for the top of the uterus while the other hand is placed on the lower segment of the uterus to stabilize it<br>Heat loss-radiation From body to cooler solid surface. Keep cribs\/tables away from windows.<br>Heat loss-radiation Also, using radiant warmers for transporting newborns &amp; when performing procedures that may expose the newborn to the cooler environment will help reduce heat loss.<br>Radiant warmer-temperature probe \u00b7 Avoiding the placement of a skin temperature probe over a bony area or one w\/ brown fat, because it does not give an accurate assessment of the whole body temperature (most temperature probes are placed over the liver when the newborn is supine or side-lying)<br>Vitamin K-1st hour \u00b7 Administer1-2 hr after birth!<br>Diaper change \u00b7 Soaking six to 12 diapers a day indicates adequate hydration.\u00b7 Breastfed newborns typically pass mustard-colored, soft stool w\/ a seedy consistency; formula-fed newborns pass yellow to brown, soft stools w\/ a pasty consistency.<br>Newborn circumcision -clamp or plastic ring method-wash hands before providing care, apply vasoline to area unless plastic ring is used, use warm water without soap to clean area-typically heals 7-10 days-yellow exudate is normal &amp; expected (DO NOT REMOVE)<br>Newborn circumcision \u00b7 If a Plastibell has been used, it will fall off by itself in about a week. Inform parents of this &amp; advise them not to pull it off sooner.\u00b7 Also instruct the parents to check daily for any foul-smelling drainage, bleeding, or unusual swelling.<br>Placenta previa Abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervixAvoid doing vaginal examinations in the woman w\/ placenta previa because they may disrupt the placenta &amp; cause hemorrhage.<br>Hypoglycemia Signs and Symptoms Manifestations of hypoglycemia include behavioral changes, confusion, slurred speech, diaphoresis, tremors, palpitations, &amp; tachycardia. In contrast, manifestations of hyperglycemia are blurred vision; dry, flushed skin; &amp; a fruity odor to the breath.<br>Hypoglycemia Action DM Type 1 Infant An insulin pump is a device that administers a continuous infusion of rapid-acting insulin. Studies have established it to be a safe and effective way to improve glycemic control and reduce episodes of severe hypoglycemia in young people<br>Abruptio placenta manifestations &#8220;Painful, dark-red vaginal bleeding (port-wine color) because the bleeding comes from the clot that was formed behind the placenta; &#8220;&#8221;knife-like&#8221;&#8221; abdominal pain; Uterine tenderness; contractions; &amp; decreased fetal movement. Rapid assessment is essential to ensure prompt, effective interventions to prevent maternal &amp; fetal morbidity &amp; mortality.&#8221;<br>Prolapsed cord-position Changing the woman&#8217;s position to a modified Sims, Trendelenburg, or knee-chest position also helps relieve cord pressure.<br>DIC The mainstays of therapy for DIC are administration of blood components &amp; coagulation factors. Delayed postpartum hemorrhage may occur, despite adequate prophylaxis. Frequent monitoring &amp; continued prophylaxis &amp;\/or Tx are recommended for at least 2 wks after childbirth<br>DIC Clinical features include petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, fever, hypotension, acidosis, hematomas, tachycardia, proteinuria, uncontrolled bleeding during birth, &amp; acute renal failureThe most important therapeutic maneuver is treating the initiating disorder<br>PP depression-assess &#8220;\u00b7 The &#8220;&#8221;blues&#8221;&#8221; typically peak on postpartum days 4 &amp; 5 &amp; usually resolve by postpartum day 10.\u00b7 Asking new partners candidly if they are feeling depressed, anxious, or angry can open the door to further exploration of these emotions&#8221;<br>Newborn-cocaine exposure Cocaine-exposed newborns are typically fussy, irritable, &amp; inconsolable at times. Cocaine-exposed infants demonstrate poor coordination of sucking &amp; swallowing, making feeding time frustrating for the newborn &amp; caregiver alike.<br>Injection prep-PEDI Use positions that are comforting to the child, such as therapeutic hugging, during injections. Have the child sit on the caregiver&#8217;s lap w\/ the caregiver holding the child&#8217;s arms &amp; legs to his or her body. After administration, encourage the parents or caregivers to hold &amp; cuddle the child &amp; offer praise.<br>Injection sites-PEDI \u00b7 The preferred injection site for infants 12 months or less is the vastus lateralis or anterolateral thigh muscle, in certain circumstances\u00b7 In infants and children >12 months, the vastus lateralis or anterolateral thigh muscle remains the preferred site but the deltoid can be considered if sufficient mass is present<br>IM injection-school aged-PEDI \u00b7 The deltoid muscle is used as an IM injection site in children older than 3 yrs of age &amp; may be used in toddlers<br>Oral meds-reluctant preschooler-PEDI &#8220;\u00b7 Be firm when telling your child that it is time for his or her medication. State, &#8220;&#8221;It&#8217;s time for your medicine&#8221;&#8221; instead of asking, &#8220;&#8221;Will you take your medicine?&#8221;&#8221; or &#8220;&#8221;Can you take your medicine for me?&#8221;&#8221;\u2022 Allow your child to choose an appropriate liquid to help swallow the med or drink after taking it. Limit the choices to 2-3.&#8221;<br>Solid foots-6 months introduce \u00b7 Iron-fortified rice cereal mixed w\/ a small amount of breast milk or formula is a good choice for the first solid food.\u00b7 The introduction of one new food every 3 to 5 days is recommended<br>Infant feeding \u00b7 The ability to swallow solid food does not become completely functional until 4 to 6 months of age. Enzymes to appropriately digest food other than breast milk &amp; formula are also not present in sufficient quantities until the age of 4 to 6 months.<br>Infant feeding Before the introduction of solid foods and the cup, the infant should be able to sit supported in a high chair. Solids should be fed with a spoon, w\/ the infant in an upright position.<br>School-age screen \u00b7 Vision screening programs conducted by school nurses identify problems w\/ vision &amp; result in appropriate referrals when warranted\u00b7 It is important to screen children for hearing deficits to ensure proper educational &amp; social progression.<br>Cupping PEDI &#8220;Petechiae or ecchymosis may be found over areas traumatized by the birth process; these may take a few wks to resolveCertain cultures use &#8220;&#8221;cupping&#8221;&#8221; or &#8220;&#8221;coining&#8221;&#8221; when a child is ill, &amp; these practices may yield bruises or mild burns&#8221;<br>Scoliosis Note mobility of the vertebral column by having the child bend forward &amp; side to side. Flex the neck &amp; move it from side to side. No resistance or pain should occur. Inspect the back for discoloration, tufts of hair, or dimples. A normal pilonidal dimple is sometimes seen at the base of the spine, but there should be no tuft of hair or nevi along the spine. Document &amp; report abnormal findings<br>First aid-nail Therapeutic management is directed toward supporting respiratory &amp; cardiovascular function, stopping toxin production, neutralizing unbound toxins, &amp; controlling muscle spasms. Tetanus immunoglobulin may be given as well as the tetanus vaccine. Removal of the offending organism, by debridement of the wound, may occur, &amp; IV ABX such as metronidazole may be initiated. In severe cases, the child may require intensive nursing care w\/ mechanical ventilation.<br>Injuries\/burns \u2022Therapeutic management of burns focuses on fluid resuscitation, wound care, prevention of infection, &amp; restoration of function\u2022Child abuse induced burns include inconsistent explanation, delay in seeking Tx, uniform appearance of burn, &amp; a stocking\/glove pattern on extremity<br>Full thickness burn-patho POC Place the child on a cardiac\/apnea monitor, measure the child w\/ the Broselow tape, monitor pulse oximetry, &amp; apply an end-tidal CO2 monitor if the child is ventilated.Further management focuses on cleansing the burn, pain management, &amp; prevention &amp; Tx of infection. Fluid status &amp; nutrition are important components of burn care, particularly in the early stages.<br>Eye injury-intervention \u00b7 Refer children with urgent or emergent conditions to an ophthalmologist immediately to preserve vision.\u00b7 If the child w\/ a corneal abrasion has pain, administer analgesics PRN<br>Eye injury-intervention Foreign bodies may be removed from the eye by gently everting the eyelid &amp; wiping the foreign body away w\/ a sterile cotton-tipped applicator. Irrigation w\/ normal saline may also wash the foreign body away.\u00b7 For chemical injury, irrigate the eye w\/ copious amounts of water. Consult ophthalmology for further evaluation &amp; management.<br>Hearing-assess Assessment findings in a child w\/ AOM are typically a recent upper respiratory infection fever, loss of appetite, &amp; a dull, opaque, bulging, or red tympanic membrane.Evaluation of hearing is recommended when OME lasts 3 months or more if language delay, hearing loss, or a learning problem is suspected<br>Communication-hearing impaired \u00b7 Turn off music or television.\u00b7 Position yourself within 3 ft of the child before speaking.\u00b7 Face the child while speaking.\u00b7 Use visual cues.\u00b7 Increase the volume of your speech only slightly.\u00b7 Speak clearly.\u00b7 Request preferential classroom seating.<br>Acute epiglottis \u00b7 Therapeutic management focuses on airway maintenance &amp; support. IV ABX Thx is necessary. The child will be managed in the ICU.<br>Acute epiglottis Epiglottitis is characterized by dysphagia, drooling, anxiety, irritability, &amp; significant respiratory distress. Ensure that emergency equipment is available &amp; that personnel trained in intubation of the pediatric occluded airway &amp; percutaneous tracheostomy are notified of the child&#8217;s presence in the facility<br>Pneumonia-oxygen Encourage oral fluid intake in the child whose respiratory status is stable. Provide IV fluids as order to children w\/ increased WOB to maintain hydration. Allow &amp; encourage the child to assume a position of comfort, usually w\/ the HOB elevated to promote aeration of the lungsIf pain d\/t coughing or pneumonia itself is severe, administer analgesics as RxProvide supplemental O2 to the child w\/ respiratory distress or hypoxia (low oxygen concentration in the tissues) PRN<br>Tetralogy of Fallot-postop fatigue \u2022Nursing assessmentHx of color changes associated w\/ feeding, activity or crying\u2022As the infant gets older, he or she may use specific postures, such as bending at the knees or assuming the fetal position, to relieve a hypercyanotic spell.The walking infant or toddler may squat periodically. These positions improve pulmonary blood flow by increasing systemic vascular resistance. Ask the parents if they have noticed any of these unusual positions. Note Hx of irritability, sleepiness, or difficulty breathing.<br>Vomiting &amp; diarrhea- no tears Note decreased tear production, sunken orbits, or dry mucous membranes w\/ moderate to severe dehydration.<br>Newborn bowel \u00b7 Intussusception; currant-jelly stools, gross blood, or hemoccult-positive stools<br>UTI-assess In the neonate or young infant, observe for jaundice or increased respiratory rate. In infants &amp; children, inspect the perineal area for redness or irritation. Observe the urine for visible blood, cloudiness, dark color, sediment, mucus, or foul odor. Note pallor, edema, or elevated Bp. Palpate the abdomen. Note distended bladder, abdominal mass, or tenderness, particularly in the flank area.<br>Aplastic anemia-epistaxis Note Hx of epistaxis, gingival oozing, or increased bleeding w\/ menstruation.<br>Leukemia neutropenia Assess for petechiae, purpura, bruising, or bleeding to provide baseline data for comparison; if present, may warrant intervention.<br>Hydrocephalus Tx \u2022Elevated VS, poor feeding, vomiting, decreased responsiveness, seizure activity, signs of local inflammation along shunt tractMalfunction is indicated when vomiting, drowsiness, &amp; headache, are reported.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HESI NSG222\/ NSG 222 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Family Nursing | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Herzing HESI NSG222\/ NSG 222 (Latest 2024\/ 2025Update) Family Nursing | Review withQuestions and Verified Answers| 100%Correct| Grade A- HerzingQ: Pregnancy test hormoneAnswer:An hCG level &lt;5 mIU\/mL is considered negative for pregnancy Anything &gt;25 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