{"id":132098,"date":"2024-02-06T07:17:12","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=132098"},"modified":"2024-02-06T07:17:15","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:17:15","slug":"exam-2-prn-1562-prn1562-latest-2024-2025-update-principles-of-mental-health-nursing-review-questions-and-verified-answers100-correct-grade-a-rasmussen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2024\/02\/06\/exam-2-prn-1562-prn1562-latest-2024-2025-update-principles-of-mental-health-nursing-review-questions-and-verified-answers100-correct-grade-a-rasmussen\/","title":{"rendered":"Exam 2: PRN 1562\/ PRN1562 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Principles of Mental Health Nursing Review| Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Grade A- Rasmussen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Exam 2: PRN 1562\/ PRN1562 (Latest 2024\/ 2025 Update) Principles of Mental Health Nursing Review| Questions and Verified Answers|100% Correct| Grade A- Rasmussen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exam 2: PRN 1562\/ PRN1562 (Latest 2024\/
2025 Update) Principles of Mental Health
Nursing Review| Questions and Verified
Answers|100% Correct| Grade A- Rasmussen
Q: OCD Nursing Considerations
Answer:
Allow time for client to complete ritual.
Discuss behavioral techniques for managing anxiety and decreasing OCD symp- toms.
Help the client learn ways to interrupt obsessive thoughts
Q: PTSD and flashbacks
Answer:
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) are two stress related
disorders, which impact a person’s ability to function after a traumatic event. The signs and
symptoms of the disorders are the same. The difference between them is time. A person
diagnosed with Acute Stress Disorder will have symptoms resolve within a month. If the person
continues to have symptoms after one month, it will then move into the diagnosis of PTSD.
Q: Flashback
Answer:
acting or feeling as though the traumatic event is happening again
who have been diagnosed with PTSD may also experience dissociative symptoms, or recurrent
feelings of being detached. This can include a flashback, feeling you are losing touch with events
going on around you, and “blanking out,” or being unable to remember a period of time.
Q: Mania symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer:
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Decreased need for sleep
Increased talkativeness
Flights of idea or racing thoughts
Distractibility
Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
Increase in risky behavior
Q: Major Depressive Disorder
Answer:
The most common of the depressive disorders
MDD) is a medical illness that affects how you feel, think, and behave, causing persistent
feelings of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. MDD represents the
classic condition in this group of disorders.
Q: seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Answer:
Mood is impacted by changes in weath- er\/environment; light therapy is 1st line treatment.
Q: Bipolar I disorder
Answer:
At least one manic episode and one clearly defined depres- sive episode
Bipolar I disorder is characterized by at least one episode of “persistent or ele- vated, expansive
or irritable mood” (mania), accompanied by changes in activity and energy. The diagnosis
frequently includes a major depressive episode as part of a person’s psychiatric history. (Refer to
Chapter 15 on depressive disorders.) There is marked impairment in social and occupational
functioning. Psychosis may accompany the manic episode or the depressive episode, and
hospitalization may be warranted
Q: Bipolar II disorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer:
Periods of depression alternating with hypomanic episodes
4 days.
The criteria for bipolar II disorder include at least one period of hypomania alternating with one
or more periods of depression. Those with a bipolar II disorder never experience a full manic
episode. Typically, an individual seeks treatment during
a depressive episode. The brief periods of hypomania may be missed. When a person is
experiencing a hypomanic episode, they have a decreased need for sleep, possibly inflated selfesteem, increased energy or activity, and distractibility and engage in activities that can cause
harm such as overspending, sexual indiscretions, and impulsive business decisions. This is
different from mania in that risks and consequences are less severe and are less likely to cause
marked impairment in function (Harvard University, 2019). Those with bipolar II disorder tend
to have more severe depressive symptoms and spend more time in a depressive state.
Q: CAM assessment (confusion assessment method)
Answer:
The CAM short form
(SF) and 3D-CAM are shortened versions of the assessment.
=instruments\/confusion-assessment The particular tool used is dependent on the treatment team’s
needs and goals and the population being assessed
Use the following memory tool (MINDSPACES) to screen for risk factors associated with
delirium
M-Medications: polypharmacy, multiple classes of medications, medication weaning\/withdrawal (refer to “Beers Criteria” for drugs to avoid a )
I\u2014Infection and advanced illness
N\u2014Number of cooccurring conditions\/comorbidities (hypertension, heart failure, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], obstructive sleep apnea [OSA])
D\u2014Disorders of substance or alcohol use (including withdrawal) S\u2014Surgery and\/or invasive
procedures (including anesthesia medications) P\u2014Pain (uncontrolled), perfusion problems
A\u2014Age: young children and older adults are most at risk but may occur at any age
C\u2014Cognitive impairment and\/or dementia
E\u2014Emotional or mental illness (depression, anxiety) S\u2014Sleep disturbances and altered patterns
of sleep
Cognitive and Perceptual Disturbances
Q: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Answer:
Powered by https:\/\/learnexams.com\/search\/study?query=NR<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antidepressants: SSRIs
serotonin within the brain<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antidepressants (SSRIs) medications
Sertraline
Fluvoxamine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antidepressants (SSRIs) medications note
Report suicidal thoughts; educate re sexual dysfunction<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Watch for serotonin syndrome (abd pain, diarrhea, sweating, fever, tachycardia, elevated B\/P)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
MAOIs cause the inability to break down tyramine, requiring clients to be educated regarding proper diet to avoid foods rich in tyramine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) medication
Phenelzine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) note
Avoid foods rich in Tyramine (figs, avocados, bananas\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Watch for hypertensive crisis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mood Stabilizers
treat Bipolar disorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mood Stabilizers medication
Lithium Carbonate<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mood Stabilizers note
Therapeutic Range 1.0-1.5 mEq\/L Maintenance 0.6-1.2 mEq\/L<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lithium Toxicity occurs in serum levels above 1.5 mEq\/L<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitor sodium (when sodium \u2193, lithium level \u2191)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anticonvulsants
Treat Bipolar disorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anticonvulsants medication
Valproic Acid
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anticonvulsants note
Causes birth defects; get baseline LFT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Watch for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitor WBCs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines (use short-term)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anxiolytics medication
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anxiolytics note
Do not take with other CNS depressants or alcohol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Less sedating compared to benzodiazepines<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Educate that it may take more than 3 weeks for effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medications for Neurocognitive Disorders
(dementia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medications for Neurocognitive Disorders medications
Donepezil
Menantine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medications for Neurocognitive Disorders note
Used in all stages of Alzheimer’s disease<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Used in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
OCD is a combination of obsessions (unreasonable fears, repetitive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive or irresistible behaviors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obsessions vs compulsions
Obsessions are what the person thinks about;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

compulsion is what they do. The intent of the compulsion is to temporarily reduce the anxiety associated with the obsessive thought; however, as the thought continues, the anxiety rises again, causing the compulsion to occur. The dysfunction of the disorder can be displayed through the time-consuming nature of the compulsion impacting the ability to complete daily activities\/responsibilities<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obsessions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

are what the person thinks about<\/p>\n\n\n\n

compulsion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

is what they do<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Common Compulsions
Checking rituals
Counting rituals
Washing\/scrubbing
Praying\/chanting
Touching\/rubbing\/tapping
Ordering (arranging and rearranging)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OCD Nursing Considerations:
Allow time for client to complete ritual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discuss behavioral techniques for managing anxiety and decreasing OCD symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Help the client learn ways to interrupt obsessive thoughts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PTSD and flashbacks
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) are two stress related disorders, which impact a person’s ability to function after a traumatic event. The signs and symptoms of the disorders are the same. The difference between them is time. A person diagnosed with Acute Stress Disorder will have symptoms resolve within a month. If the person continues to have symptoms after one month, it will then move into the diagnosis of PTSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flashback
acting or feeling as though the traumatic event is happening again<\/p>\n\n\n\n

who have been diagnosed with PTSD may also experience dissociative symptoms, or recurrent feelings of being detached. This can include a flashback, feeling you are losing touch with events going on around you, and “blanking out,” or being unable to remember a period of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mania symptoms
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decreased need for sleep
Increased talkativeness<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flights of idea or racing thoughts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distractibility<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor
agitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Increase in risky behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Major Depressive Disorder
The most common of the depressive disorders<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MDD) is a medical illness that affects how you feel, think, and behave, causing persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. MDD represents the classic condition in this group of disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Mood is impacted by changes in weather\/environment; light therapy is 1st line treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bipolar I disorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least one manic episode and one clearly defined depressive episode<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bipolar I disorder is characterized by at least one episode of “persistent or elevated, expansive or irritable mood” (mania), accompanied by changes in activity and energy. The diagnosis frequently includes a major depressive episode as part of a person’s psychiatric history. (Refer to Chapter 15 on depressive disorders.) There is marked impairment in social and occupational functioning. Psychosis may accompany the manic episode or the depressive episode, and hospitalization may be warranted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bipolar II disorder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Periods of depression alternating with hypomanic episodes 4 days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The criteria for bipolar II disorder include at least one period of hypomania alternating with one or more periods of depression. Those with a bipolar II disorder never experience a full manic episode. Typically, an individual seeks treatment during a depressive episode. The brief periods of hypomania may be missed. When a person is experiencing a hypomanic episode, they have a decreased need for sleep, possibly inflated self-esteem, increased energy or activity, and distractibility and engage in activities that can cause harm such as overspending, sexual indiscretions, and impulsive business decisions. This is different from mania in that risks and consequences are less severe and are less likely to cause marked impairment in function (Harvard University, 2019). Those with bipolar II disorder tend to have more severe depressive symptoms and spend more time in a depressive state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAM assessment (confusion assessment method)
The CAM short form (SF) and 3D-CAM are shortened versions of the assessment.
=instruments\/confusion-assessment The particular tool used is dependent on the treatment team’s needs and goals and the population being assessed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Use the following memory tool (MINDSPACES) to screen for risk factors associated with delirium<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M-Medications: polypharmacy, multiple classes of medications, medication weaning\/withdrawal (refer to “Beers Criteria” for drugs to avoid a )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2014Infection and advanced illness<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u2014Number of cooccurring conditions\/comorbidities (hypertension, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], obstructive sleep apnea [OSA])<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2014Disorders of substance or alcohol use (including withdrawal)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u2014Surgery and\/or invasive procedures (including anesthesia medications)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u2014Pain (uncontrolled), perfusion problems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u2014Age: young children and older adults are most at risk but may occur at any age<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2014Cognitive impairment and\/or dementia
E\u2014Emotional or mental illness (depression, anxiety)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u2014Sleep disturbances and altered patterns of sleep<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cognitive and Perceptual Disturbances<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
1) ability to show attention, 2) immediate recall ability, 3) level of orientation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tools focus on the client’s current cognitive status through a series of questions including ability to complete a word recall and follow directions, such as drawing a clock face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(MMSE): a series of questions designed to test a range of everyday mental skills, including attention and memory and simple psychomotor skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denial<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ignoring unpleasant realities<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Projection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attributing one’s own negative features onto others<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rationalization<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Justifying actions with an acceptable explanation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Displacement<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shifting the focus of feelings on to someone or something of lesser significance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Humor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looking for amusing or ironic nature of the stressor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suicide Precautions
*Suicide Precautions: Suicide assessment should be done on all clients to assess for the possible risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the client responds in the affirmative and tells you that he or she has been having these thoughts, you need to ask, “Do you have a plan?” If the answer is yes, determine the lethality of method (for example, high lethality includes guns, carbon monoxide and lower lethality includes cutting wrist and ingesting pills) and evaluate access, such as availability of firearm or access to large amounts of medications. Please note: A plan is a problem even if they do not have means or access; they have given considerable thought to how they would harm themselves and must be taken seriously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When a client has been identified as a suicidal risk, communication with the care team will become priority. Implementing safe practices as established by the facility to keep them safe should occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typically, these interventions include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Remove potentially harmful objects including sharps, straps, belts, ties, glass items, shoelaces, electrical cords, and plastic bags. Search client belongings in the client’s presence to find and remove objects.
Close observation – may include 1:1 observation vs. 15-minute checks depending on facility.
Have client use plastic eating utensil.
Do not assign private room – keep the door open
Ensure that the client swallows all medication (may hoard for overdose).
Make rounds at irregular intervals.
Restrict visitors from bringing harmful items.
Search all items delivered to the client.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other possible signs of suicide risk:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verbal communication with overt statements such as “I wish I were dead,” or covert statements such as, “Things are all going to be okay now.”
Sudden change in behavior- if a client has been withdrawn and suddenly appears happy and engaged, this could be a possible indication of a suicidal plan as they have “figured” it out.
Giving away possessions.
Writing farewell letters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dementia Safe Environmental Interventions
Wandering: Consider the use of GPS device, complex locks, and a medical alert bracelet. Keep a recent photo and make neighbors aware of possible wandering.
If they drive, gradually restrict the use of the car. Remove throw rugs to allow them to ambulate safely. Have shower bars installed in bathroom. Label commonly used things, such as the utensil drawer or where plates are kept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compassion Fatigue symptoms:
: also know as secondary traumatic stress. These terms describe a phenomenon in which nurses and other health care workers become indirectly traumatized when trying to help a person who has experienced primary traumatic stress. The American Bar Organization (2018) summarizes some of the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feeling overwhelmed, physically and mentally exhausted<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primary prevention examples
(promote health and prevent development of disease)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Immunizations, pollution control, nutrition, exercise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

immunization and taking regular exercise to prevent health problems developing in the future<\/p>\n\n\n\n

immunization, birth control and condom usage, regular dental cleanings and care, and hand-washing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secondary prevention examples
Screenings, redirectional therapies, medications<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(goal is to identify illness, reverse or reduce its severity, or cure)
examples<\/p>\n\n\n\n

exams and screening tests to detect disease in its earliest stages (e.g. mammograms to detect breast cancer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tertiary Prevention
actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(focus is on people who are already affected by disease. Goal is to improve quality of life by reducing disability, limiting or developing complications, and restoring function)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

chronic disease management programs (e.g. for diabetes, arthritis, depression, etc.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

support groups that allow members to share strategies for living well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

orientation phase
the patient may begin to express thoughts and feelings, identify problems, and discuss realistic goals. Therefore mutual agreement on goals is also part of the contract:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Working Phase
Maintain the relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n