The ratio of the x axis to the y axis should be\u2026?
2:3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is correlation?
A relationship between two variables that can be used to predict the relative probability that one event will occur, based on the presence of the other event<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What are the three levels of scientific understanding?
Description, prediction, control<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Pennypacker made an important distinction that we do not control behavior, what we do control is the \u2026..
Environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
True or False: Behavior analysts believe that behavior is intrinsic to the organism
False – we believe behavior is extrinsic to the organism<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is prediction in behavior analysis?
The anticipated outcome of presently known or future measurement. It is the most elegant use of quantification upon which validation of all scientific and technological activity rests – Pennypacker<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is experimental control?
A predictable change in behavior can be reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of some aspect of the persons environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What two things make up experimental control?
Internal validity + external validity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What variable is dependent in behavior analysis?
Behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What variable is independent in behavior analysis?
The environmental manipulations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What variables do we have to control in order to establish experimental control?
Two – independent variables and extraneous variables<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What type of experimental design involves manipulating the value of the independent variable?
Parametric<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What type of experimental design involves manipulating the presentation or removal of the independent variable?
Nonparametric<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is verification in behavior analysis?
Verification of the previously predicted level of baseline by termination or withdrawal of the independent\/treatment variable<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is replication in behavior analysis?
Reintroducing the treatment variable<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What is the definition of a functional relation in behavior analysis?
A statement that occurs when a well-controlled experiment demonstrates that a specific change in one event is reliably produced by specific manipulations of the other event, and that change was unlikely due to extraneous variables<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How does a functional relation differ from experimental control?
Experimental control is established when an experiment proves a functional relation between behavior and some aspect of the environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Which attitude of science involves: the assumption that the world is a lawful and orderly place
Determinism<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Verification relates to __<\/em> validity Replication relates to _<\/strong> validity Which attitude of science involves: the objective observation and measurement of the phenomena of interest Which attitude of science involves: controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomena of interest under two or more different conditions. This is the BASIC STRATEGY OF SCIENCE Which attitude of science involves: continuously questioning the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact. This is the GUIDING CONSCIENCE of science Which attitude of science involves: ruling out all simple, logical explanations to be ruled out Which attitude of science is the requirement for believability? What type of graph would be best to summarize the performance of participants or groups under different conditions What type of graph would be best for looking at the cumulative number of responses? Which type of graph would be best for looking at standardized frequency over time? Which type of graph would be best to look at temporal distribution of response? What type of graph is best used to display proportional change? High variability indicates __<\/em> control What is level in visual analysis of graphs What is trend in visual analysis of graphs? measurement indirect measures of assessment direct measure of assessment benefits of measurement three fundamental properties of measurement measurable dimensions of behavior repeatability temporal extent temporal locus derivative measures percentage trials to criterion definitional measures procedures for measuring behavior questions to determine appropriate measurement vailidity accuracy reliability line graphs parts of line graph horizontal axis vertical axis condition change lines condition labels figure caption bar graph cumalative record steeper slope = overall response rate local response rate cumalative recorder is preferred when: standard celeration chart celeration precision teaching scatterplots
Internal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
External<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Empiricism<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Experimentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Philosophical doubt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parsimony<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Replication<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bar graphs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cumulative record<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Standard celeration chart<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scatterplot<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ratio chart<\/p>\n\n\n\n
low<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The value on the vertical axis scale around which a set of behavioral measures occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Direction taken by the data path<\/p>\n\n\n\n
the process of applying quantative labels to observed properties of events using a standard set of rules<\/p>\n\n\n\n
usually first step
-interviews
-checklists<\/p>\n\n\n\n
best way
-tests
-direct observation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-legitimizes treatment
-increases effectiveness
-accountability<\/p>\n\n\n\n
repeatability
temportal extent
temporal locus<\/p>\n\n\n\n
features that can be measured<\/p>\n\n\n\n
behavior can be counted<\/p>\n\n\n\n
duration of behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
when behavior occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
percentage
proportion of correct-incorrect
trials-to-criterion
proportion of observation intervals when behavior occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ratio formed by combining the same dimensional qualities (expresses proportional qauntity)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetrermiend level of preformance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
topography- what it looks like
magnitude- force or intensity<\/p>\n\n\n\n
event recording
timing
time sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-is real-time measurement needed?
-can it be measured by permanent product?
-cost to obtain\/measure the premanent product?
-will contrived product affect behavior?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior<\/p>\n\n\n\n
extent to which observed values and the data from measurement match the true state or values of the event<\/p>\n\n\n\n
consistency of measurement, repeated measurement yeilds the same results<\/p>\n\n\n\n
most common graph<\/p>\n\n\n\n
x\/y axis
axis labels
condition change labels
condition labels
data points
data path
figure caption<\/p>\n\n\n\n
x axis
shows absence or presence of ID<\/p>\n\n\n\n
y axis
shows value of DV<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vertical lines to show points in time where changes in IV occured<\/p>\n\n\n\n
single word or phase at top of graph to indentify experimetnal control<\/p>\n\n\n\n
statement that identifies IV and DV<\/p>\n\n\n\n
used to summarize the preformance of a partipant or group during different conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skinner
automatically draws graph of a subjects rate of behavior by adding number of responses recodred during each observation<\/p>\n\n\n\n
higher response rate<\/p>\n\n\n\n
average rate of response over given period of time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rate of response during smaller period of time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
-total number of responses is important<\/p>\n\n\n\n
standardized means of charting and analyzing how frequency of behavior changes over time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
linear measurement of frequency change across time<\/p>\n\n\n\n
developed for use with SCC
-learning is best measured as chabge in repsponse rate
-past changes in preformance can project future learning<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set
-data points not connected
-used to discover temporal distribution<\/p>\n\n\n\n