HESI RN ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nurse who provides care on a busy medical unit of a large hospital is
constantly faced with new drugs on patients’ medication administration
records. What strategy should the nurse employ to foster up-to-date
information about the nursing management of new or uncommon drugs?
A) Focus on learning about a prototype drug that is characteristic of a
larger drug class
B) Identify similarities between new drugs and older drugs that are
commonly used on the unit
C) Commit time and energy during each shift to learning about new
drugs
D) Liaise with pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who work at the
hospital – ANSWER- A) Focus on learning about a prototype drug that
is characteristic of a larger drug class
Rationale: A prototype drug is one individual pharmaceuticals
drug, a group of chemicals that has chemical structures, action
mechanism, and mode of action, in pharmacology and
pharmaceuticals. A drug prototype is a well-understood drug model
compared to other drugs in its class. Users can predict the actions
and adverse effects of other drugs from the same class by learning
the characteristics of a prototype drug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 58-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department. A
diagnosis of severe digoxin toxicity is made. Bradycardia is present, and
an electrocardiogram (ECG) confirms toxicity. The nurse will administer
which of the following drugs?
A) Furosemide
B) Digoxin immune fab
C) Captopril
D) Dopamine – ANSWER- B) Digoxin immune fab
A hospital patient’s physician has prescribed quetiapine (Seroquel) to be
administered at bedtime. Being unfamiliar with the medication, the nurse
has looked it up in a nursing drug manual and noted that the drug is an
antipsychotic that is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and
bipolar disorder. The patient has no psychiatric history, and upon
questioning, the physician states that it is being prescribed to help the
patient fall asleep at night. How should the nurse best understand this
practice?
A) This off-label use of the drug is prohibited by federal laws and
professional practice standards.
B) This is an appropriate use of the drug, provided it is supported by the
literature.
C) This is acceptable if the patient has failed to respond adequately to
conventional sleep aids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D) This is a practice that may negate the physician’s and nurse’s liability
insurance – ANSWER- B) This is an appropriate use of the drug,
provided it is supported by the literature.
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by her
mother. The mother reports that the child has been vomiting, and the
nurse notes that the child’s face is flushed and she is diaphoretic. The
mother thinks that the child may have swallowed carbachol drops. A
diagnosis of cholinergic poisoning is made. Which of the following
drugs would be administered?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Atropine
C) Cevimeline
D) Nicotine – ANSWER- A) Acetylcholine
Rationale: The treatment for cholinergic poisoning is aggressive
supportive care, plus targeted therapy for cholinergic toxicity which
is ATROPINE followed by an available oxime such as pralidoxime.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who will be
taking fludrocortisone at home. The nurse will encourage the patient to
eat a diet that is__
A) low in sodium and potassium.
B) low in sodium, high in potassium.
C) high in iron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D) low in proteins – ANSWER- B) low in sodium, high in potassium.
Rationale: Salt retention. Side effects of having more salts in our
body. When there is high salt present in our body, this will cause
elevation of the blood pressure and as well as it has something to do
with heart failure.
Decreased potassium level. Potassium is inversely proportional to
sodium. Common complications of potassium includes cardiac
activities.
A nurse is developing a care plan for a patient who has multiple
sclerosis. An expected outcome for the patient who is receiving
glatiramer would be a decrease in
A) chest pain.
B) fatigue.
C) breathing difficulties.
D) heart palpitations – ANSWER- B) fatigue.
An elderly postsurgical patient has developed postoperative pneumonia
in the days following abdominal surgery and is being treated with a
number of medications. Which of the following medications that the
nurse will administer has the slowest absorption?
A) A sublingual benzodiazepine that has been prescribed to help the
patient sleep
B) An intravenous (IV) antibiotic that is being administered by IV
piggyback at 150 mL\/hour<\/p>\n\n\n\n