{"id":188169,"date":"2025-02-06T12:37:04","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T12:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=188169"},"modified":"2025-02-06T12:37:06","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T12:37:06","slug":"the-renal-corpuscle-is-made-up-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2025\/02\/06\/the-renal-corpuscle-is-made-up-of\/","title":{"rendered":"The renal corpuscle is made up of"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The renal corpuscle is made up of __<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the descending nephron loop<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the renal papilla<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the renal pyramid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation), which of the following is NOT likely to occur?
Urine output will decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Systemic blood pressure will decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net filtration pressure will decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The urinary bladder is composed of __<\/em><\/strong> epithelium.
stratified squamous<\/p>\n\n\n\n

simple squamous<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pseudostratified columnar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

transitional<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n

help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n

help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n

help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean?
Most of the glucose is filtered out of the blood and is not reabsorbed in the convoluted tubules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The glucose molecule is too large to be filtered out of the blood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

100% of glucose is reabsorbed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The clearance value of glucose is relatively high in a healthy adult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?
absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments<\/p>\n\n\n\n

form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network<\/p>\n\n\n\n

form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it __<\/em><\/strong>.
is drained by an efferent arteriole<\/p>\n\n\n\n

has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

is impermeable to most substances<\/p>\n\n\n\n

has a basement membrane<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is __<\/em><\/strong>.
the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries<\/p>\n\n\n\n

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

protein-regulated diffusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the ionic electrochemical gradient<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) __<\/em><\/strong>.
increase in the production of aldosterone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

increase in the production of ADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

decrease in the production of ADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which of the following hormones acting on the collecting duct is most responsible for retaining sodium ions in the blood?
parathyroid hormone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

aldosterone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

atrial natriuretic peptide<\/p>\n\n\n\n

antidiuretic hormone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?
Capsular osmotic pressure would compensate so that filtration would not change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net filtration would decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filtration would increase in proportion to the increase in capsular pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net filtration would increase above normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin __<\/em><\/strong>.
when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

when the pH of the urine decreases<\/p>\n\n\n\n

when the peritubular capillaries are dilated<\/p>\n\n\n\n

by a decrease in the blood pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Which of the following is incorrect?
The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine when overhydrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urine concentration and volume are determined by countercurrent mechanisms<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The kidneys produce a small volume of concentrated urine when dehydrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The factor that promotes filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the __<\/em><\/strong>.
capsular hydrostatic pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

myogenic mechanism<\/p>\n\n\n\n

colloid osmotic pressure of the blood<\/p>\n\n\n\n

glomerular hydrostatic pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The function of angiotensin II is to __<\/em><\/strong>.
decrease arterial blood pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

decrease the production of aldosterone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

decrease water absorption<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 16<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by __<\/em><\/strong>.
secondary active transport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

facilitated diffusion<\/p>\n\n\n\n

passive transport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

countertransport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it __<\/em><\/strong>.
increases secretion of ADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n

increases the rate of glomerular filtration<\/p>\n\n\n\n

inhibits the release of ADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does NOT contain a significant amount of __<\/em><\/strong>.
hormones<\/p>\n\n\n\n

glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

electrolytes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

plasma protein<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 19<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the filtration membrane into the capsular space. All but one of the following statements reflects why hydrostatic pressure is so high in the glomerular capillaries. Select the one statement that does NOT explain the high pressure within the glomerular capillaries.
The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the afferent arteriole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The flow of blood is reduced as blood reaches the efferent arteriole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The efferent arteriole has higher resistance to blood flow than the afferent arteriole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.174 points<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QUESTION 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Select the correct statement about the ureters.
Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Question 1<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Bowman\u2019s capsule and glomerulus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The renal corpuscle consists of two main components: the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus. The Bowman’s capsule is a double-walled structure that surrounds the glomerulus, a network of capillaries involved in the filtration of blood. Together, they form the initial part of the nephron where blood filtration takes place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 2<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Net filtration pressure will decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: If the diameter of the efferent arterioles increases (vasodilation), the blood flow out of the glomerulus would be reduced, which in turn decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This results in a lower net filtration pressure, not an increase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 3<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Transitional<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium, which is highly flexible and can stretch as the bladder fills with urine. This allows it to expand without losing its integrity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 4<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is responsible for regulating blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It does so by detecting changes in blood pressure and secreting renin, which is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), to adjust these functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 5<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: 100% of glucose is reabsorbed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: If the clearance value of glucose is zero, it means that all the glucose filtered by the kidneys is reabsorbed back into the blood. In a healthy individual, the kidneys reabsorb glucose completely from the filtrate under normal conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 6<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The nephron loop (also called the loop of Henle) plays a key role in creating an osmotic gradient in the kidney. This allows the kidney to produce either dilute urine (when water is reabsorbed) or concentrated urine (when water is not reabsorbed as much), depending on the body’s needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 7<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Is drained by an efferent arteriole<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The glomerulus differs from other capillaries because it is drained by an efferent arteriole, while other capillaries are typically drained by venules. This unique feature contributes to the high pressure in the glomerulus, essential for filtration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 8<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The main force that pushes water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is glomerular hydrostatic pressure, which is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the glomerular capillaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 9<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Increase in the production of ADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream, thus decreasing urine output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 10<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Aldosterone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: Aldosterone is the hormone most responsible for retaining sodium ions in the blood. It acts on the kidneys, particularly the collecting ducts, to promote sodium reabsorption, which in turn helps increase water retention and blood pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 11<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Net filtration would decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: If capsular hydrostatic pressure increases above normal, it opposes the glomerular hydrostatic pressure, decreasing the net filtration pressure and thus reducing the amount of filtrate formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 12<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: By a decrease in the blood pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The kidneys release renin when they detect a decrease in blood pressure, which helps initiate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to raise blood pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 13<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: When urine volume is reduced (due to dehydration), the kidneys produce concentrated urine by reabsorbing more water. The concentration of urine increases during dehydration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 14<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the primary force that promotes filtrate formation in the glomerulus. This high pressure allows fluid to pass through the filtration membrane and into the Bowman’s capsule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 15<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: Angiotensin II constricts arterioles, which increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone to promote sodium retention and further elevate blood pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 16<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Secondary active transport<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids in the proximal convoluted tubule is achieved through secondary active transport, where energy from the sodium gradient (created by the Na+\/K+ ATPase pump) is used to transport these molecules against their concentration gradient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 17<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Inhibits the release of ADH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it inhibits the release of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which normally helps the kidneys retain water. Without ADH, the kidneys produce more urine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 18<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Plasma protein<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: The fluid in the glomerular capsule is similar to plasma but does not contain a significant amount of plasma proteins. This is because the glomerular filtration barrier prevents large molecules like proteins from passing into the filtrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 19<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the afferent arteriole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: This statement is incorrect. The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is typically lower compared to the afferent arteriole because some of the plasma has been filtered out into the Bowman’s capsule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Question 20<\/strong>:
Correct Answer<\/strong>: Ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation<\/strong>: Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder by a process called peristalsis, which is similar to the muscular contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

These answers are supported by how the kidneys work at the cellular and organ levels, with a focus on filtration, reabsorption, and regulation mechanisms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The renal corpuscle is made up of __. the descending nephron loop the renal papilla the renal pyramid Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus 2.174 points QUESTION 2 If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation), which of the following is NOT likely to occur?Urine output will decrease. Glomerular filtration rate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-188169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188169\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}