{"id":198537,"date":"2025-03-10T06:37:34","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T06:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=198537"},"modified":"2025-03-10T06:37:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T06:37:36","slug":"when-heated-blue-crystals-of-cuso4-5h20-release-their-water-of-hydration-according-to-the-following-equation-cuso4-5h2os-%e2%86%92-cuso4s-5h20g","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/10\/when-heated-blue-crystals-of-cuso4-5h20-release-their-water-of-hydration-according-to-the-following-equation-cuso4-5h2os-%e2%86%92-cuso4s-5h20g\/","title":{"rendered":"When heated, blue crystals of CuSO4.5H20 release their water of hydration according to the following equation CuSO4.5H2O(s) \u2192 CuSO4(s) + 5H20(g)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When heated, blue crystals of CuSO4.5H20 release their water of hydration according to the following equation CuSO4.5H2O(s) \u2192 CuSO4(s) + 5H20(g)<br>i. How many phases are present?<br>ii. Given the number of components, C = 2, determine the number of degrees of freedom<br>Identify the independent variables that can be varied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-6-color\"><strong>The correct answer and explanation is :<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Answer:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>i. <strong>Phases Present<\/strong>: There are <strong>three<\/strong> phases in the system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Solid CuSO\u2084\u00b75H\u2082O (Hydrated Copper (II) sulfate)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Solid CuSO\u2084 (Anhydrous Copper (II) sulfate)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gaseous H\u2082O (Water vapor)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ii. <strong>Degrees of Freedom Calculation<\/strong>:<br>Using the <strong>Gibbs Phase Rule<\/strong>:<br>[<br>F = C &#8211; P + 2<br>]<br>Where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>( F ) is the degrees of freedom,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>( C ) is the number of components (( C = 2 ), i.e., CuSO\u2084 and H\u2082O),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>( P ) is the number of phases (( P = 3 )).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Substituting the values:<br>[<br>F = 2 &#8211; 3 + 2 = 1<br>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, <strong>the degrees of freedom (F) = 1<\/strong>, meaning that only one independent variable (either temperature or pressure) can be varied while keeping equilibrium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explanation:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The reaction involves the dehydration of <strong>copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO\u2084\u00b75H\u2082O)<\/strong> into <strong>anhydrous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO\u2084)<\/strong> and <strong>water vapor (H\u2082O)<\/strong> when heated. This process consists of three distinct phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The solid <strong>CuSO\u2084\u00b75H\u2082O<\/strong> (hydrated form),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The solid <strong>CuSO\u2084<\/strong> (dehydrated form),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>gaseous H\u2082O<\/strong> (water vapor).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <strong>Gibbs&#8217; Phase Rule<\/strong>, the system has <strong>one degree of freedom<\/strong>, implying that only one intensive variable, such as <strong>temperature or pressure<\/strong>, can be changed independently while maintaining equilibrium among the phases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Independent Variables<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Temperature (T)<\/strong>: Increasing the temperature favors the decomposition of CuSO\u2084\u00b75H\u2082O.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pressure (P)<\/strong>: Varying the pressure affects the equilibrium concentration of water vapor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Since <strong>F = 1<\/strong>, if we set the temperature, the pressure is determined automatically, or vice versa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image Representation:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-717.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-198538\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an illustration of the thermal decomposition of Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO\u2084\u00b75H\u2082O), showing the different phases involved in the reaction. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When heated, blue crystals of CuSO4.5H20 release their water of hydration according to the following equation CuSO4.5H2O(s) \u2192 CuSO4(s) + 5H20(g)i. How many phases are present?ii. Given the number of components, C = 2, determine the number of degrees of freedomIdentify the independent variables that can be varied. The correct answer and explanation is : [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-198537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=198537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198537\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=198537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=198537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=198537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}