{"id":202680,"date":"2025-03-17T19:40:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T19:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=202680"},"modified":"2025-03-17T19:40:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T19:40:31","slug":"nitration-of-acetophenone-with-nitric-acid-and-sulfuric-acid-occurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/17\/nitration-of-acetophenone-with-nitric-acid-and-sulfuric-acid-occurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitration of acetophenone with nitric acid and sulfuric acid occurs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Nitration of acetophenone with nitric acid and sulfuric acid occurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> a. faster than nitration of benzene and gives mostly m-nitroacetophenone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> b. faster than nitration of benzene and gives a mixture containing mostly o- and p-nitroacetophenone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. slower than nitration of benzene and gives a mixture containing mostly o- and p-nitroacetophenone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> d. slower than nitration of benzene and gives mostly m-nitroacetophenone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-6-color\"><strong>The correct answer and explanation is :<\/strong><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The correct answer is:<br><strong>d. slower than nitration of benzene and gives mostly m-nitroacetophenone.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Systematic Approach to Solving This Problem:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Identify the Reactant and the Reaction Type:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The reactant is <strong>acetophenone (C\u2086H\u2085COCH\u2083)<\/strong>, which consists of a benzene ring with a <strong>ketone (-COCH\u2083)<\/strong> substituent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reaction is <strong>electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS)<\/strong>, where a nitro group (<strong>-NO\u2082<\/strong>) is introduced into the benzene ring using a nitrating mixture (HNO\u2083 + H\u2082SO\u2084).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Determine the Effect of the Ketone (-COCH\u2083) on Reactivity:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>-COCH\u2083 group is an electron-withdrawing group (EWG)<\/strong> because the carbonyl oxygen withdraws electron density via both <strong>inductive (-I effect) and resonance (-R effect).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This <strong>deactivates the benzene ring<\/strong> by reducing its electron density, making it <strong>less reactive<\/strong> than benzene itself.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since the ring is deactivated, nitration occurs <strong>slower than nitration of benzene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Determine the Directing Effect of the Ketone (-COCH\u2083):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electron-withdrawing groups <strong>deactivate the ring<\/strong> and direct incoming electrophiles to the <strong>meta position<\/strong> because the <strong>ortho and para positions develop partial positive charges<\/strong> due to resonance effects, making them less favorable for electrophilic attack.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The meta position remains the most electron-rich relative to the rest of the ring, so substitution occurs there preferentially.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Eliminate Incorrect Answer Choices:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Since nitration is slower, eliminate options <strong>a and b<\/strong> (which suggest faster nitration).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since nitration occurs at the <strong>meta position<\/strong>, eliminate option <strong>c<\/strong> (which suggests mostly ortho\/para products).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This confirms that <strong>option d<\/strong> is correct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acetophenone undergoes nitration <strong>slower than benzene<\/strong> due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the <strong>-COCH\u2083<\/strong> group. The major product is <strong>m-nitroacetophenone<\/strong> because the ketone group directs substitution to the meta position.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nitration of acetophenone with nitric acid and sulfuric acid occurs a. faster than nitration of benzene and gives mostly m-nitroacetophenone. b. faster than nitration of benzene and gives a mixture containing mostly o- and p-nitroacetophenone. c. slower than nitration of benzene and gives a mixture containing mostly o- and p-nitroacetophenone. d. slower than nitration of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-202680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=202680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202680\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=202680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=202680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=202680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}