{"id":203539,"date":"2025-03-20T03:05:50","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T03:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=203539"},"modified":"2025-03-20T03:05:53","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T03:05:53","slug":"mitchells-parents-bring-him-to-the-clinic-because-his-urine-is-tinged-with-blood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/20\/mitchells-parents-bring-him-to-the-clinic-because-his-urine-is-tinged-with-blood\/","title":{"rendered":"Mitchell\u2019s parents bring him to the clinic because his urine is tinged with blood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mitchell\u2019s parents bring him to the clinic because his urine is tinged with blood. Two days before, he was diagnosed with strep throat. His face and hands are swollen. What is the probable cause of Mitchell\u2019s current kidney problem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-6-color\">The correct answer and explanation is:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Correct Answer:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitchell\u2019s symptoms\u2014including hematuria (blood in urine), facial and hand swelling (edema), and a recent streptococcal throat infection\u2014strongly suggest <strong>Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN)<\/strong>. This condition is a kidney disorder that occurs after an infection with <em>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/em>, typically affecting children 1\u20133 weeks following a strep throat or skin infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pathophysiology:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>APSGN is an immune-mediated reaction in which the body\u2019s immune system mistakenly attacks the kidneys. After a streptococcal infection, immune complexes (antigen-antibody reactions) get deposited in the glomeruli\u2014the filtering units of the kidneys. This triggers inflammation, leading to swelling and dysfunction of the kidneys. As a result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>glomeruli become more permeable<\/strong>, allowing red blood cells to pass into the urine, causing <strong>hematuria<\/strong> (red or cola-colored urine).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protein leakage<\/strong> into the urine leads to a reduction in oncotic pressure, causing <strong>swelling (edema)<\/strong> in the face and extremities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blood pressure may rise<\/strong> due to fluid retention and impaired kidney function.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Diagnosis &amp; Treatment:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Urinalysis:<\/strong> Shows hematuria, proteinuria, and red blood cell casts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Blood Tests:<\/strong> Reveal elevated anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titers and low complement (C3) levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treatment:<\/strong> APSGN is usually self-limiting, but supportive care, including <strong>blood pressure control, fluid management, and monitoring of kidney function<\/strong>, is crucial. Antibiotics may be given to eradicate any remaining streptococcal bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Prognosis:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Most children recover fully within weeks, but monitoring is necessary to ensure no long-term kidney damage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mitchell\u2019s parents bring him to the clinic because his urine is tinged with blood. Two days before, he was diagnosed with strep throat. His face and hands are swollen. What is the probable cause of Mitchell\u2019s current kidney problem? The correct answer and explanation is: Correct Answer: Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) Explanation: Mitchell\u2019s symptoms\u2014including hematuria [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203539\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}