Given<\/strong>: An alkyne undergoes various reactions\u2014partial catalytic reduction, Birch reduction, complete hydrogenation, and oxidative cleavage.<\/h3>\n\n\n\nLet\u2019s assume alkyne A = 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083)<\/strong> for illustration purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(a) Partial catalytic reduction of A (Lindlar\u2019s catalyst)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd\/BaSO\u2084 (Lindlar’s catalyst), ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(b) Birch reduction of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2[H] \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (trans-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: Na, NH\u2083(l), RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(c) Complete hydrogenation of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2083 (butane)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd or Pt, ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(d) Propose a synthesis for the following alkene from an alkyne:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTarget alkene<\/strong>: cis-2-butene
Synthesis<\/strong>:
Start with 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083), use Lindlar’s catalyst for partial hydrogenation.<\/p>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 (1 mol) \u2014(Pd\/BaSO\u2084)\u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(e) Oxidation by hot KMnO\u2084 yields: CH\u2083COOH and HOOCCH\u2083<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThis indicates symmetric cleavage of an internal alkyne into two acetic acid molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + [O] \u2192 2 CH\u2083COOH
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: KMnO\u2084 (hot, conc.), KOH, H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\nStarting alkyne<\/strong>: 2-butyne<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExplanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAlkynes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond, which can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. These reactions vary based on the reagents and conditions used. One important transformation is hydrogenation<\/strong>\u2014the addition of hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\nComplete hydrogenation<\/strong> involves adding two moles of hydrogen to the alkyne using catalysts like Pd or Pt. This fully saturates the triple bond, producing an alkane. For example, hydrogenation of 2-butyne yields butane.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn contrast, partial hydrogenation<\/strong> only adds one mole of hydrogen, reducing the alkyne to an alkene. Two distinct pathways exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n- Catalytic partial reduction<\/strong> using Lindlar\u2019s catalyst<\/strong> (Pd\/BaSO\u2084) results in the cis-alkene<\/strong>. This is a stereoselective reaction due to the syn-addition of hydrogen on the same face of the molecule. For instance, 2-butyne becomes cis-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Birch reduction<\/strong>, which uses sodium in liquid ammonia, adds hydrogen atoms to opposite sides of the triple bond (anti-addition), producing the trans-alkene<\/strong>, such as trans-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
A different reaction is oxidation using hot, alkaline KMnO\u2084<\/strong>, which cleaves the triple bond. The sp-hybridized carbon atoms are oxidized to carboxylic acids. If oxidation of an alkyne yields two acetic acid molecules, the alkyne must be 2-butyne<\/strong>, indicating the original triple bond was internal and symmetric.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn synthesis, choosing the right reagents enables chemists to selectively create cis- or trans-alkenes<\/strong> from alkynes, or to fully reduce or cleave them. These predictable pathways make alkynes valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/learnexams-banner4-795.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Critical thinking question (20 Points) The triple bond in alkynes can be reduced by hydrogenation reactions. Depending on the reagent used, different reduction products are obtained as described below: Complete reduction -Hydrogenation by H2(g) in presence of an active catalyst (Pd or Pt) in ethanol at RT, adds two moles of hydrogen across the triple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\n
(a) Partial catalytic reduction of A (Lindlar\u2019s catalyst)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd\/BaSO\u2084 (Lindlar’s catalyst), ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(b) Birch reduction of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2[H] \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (trans-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: Na, NH\u2083(l), RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(c) Complete hydrogenation of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2083 (butane)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd or Pt, ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(d) Propose a synthesis for the following alkene from an alkyne:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTarget alkene<\/strong>: cis-2-butene
Synthesis<\/strong>:
Start with 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083), use Lindlar’s catalyst for partial hydrogenation.<\/p>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 (1 mol) \u2014(Pd\/BaSO\u2084)\u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(e) Oxidation by hot KMnO\u2084 yields: CH\u2083COOH and HOOCCH\u2083<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThis indicates symmetric cleavage of an internal alkyne into two acetic acid molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + [O] \u2192 2 CH\u2083COOH
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: KMnO\u2084 (hot, conc.), KOH, H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\nStarting alkyne<\/strong>: 2-butyne<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExplanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAlkynes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond, which can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. These reactions vary based on the reagents and conditions used. One important transformation is hydrogenation<\/strong>\u2014the addition of hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\nComplete hydrogenation<\/strong> involves adding two moles of hydrogen to the alkyne using catalysts like Pd or Pt. This fully saturates the triple bond, producing an alkane. For example, hydrogenation of 2-butyne yields butane.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn contrast, partial hydrogenation<\/strong> only adds one mole of hydrogen, reducing the alkyne to an alkene. Two distinct pathways exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n- Catalytic partial reduction<\/strong> using Lindlar\u2019s catalyst<\/strong> (Pd\/BaSO\u2084) results in the cis-alkene<\/strong>. This is a stereoselective reaction due to the syn-addition of hydrogen on the same face of the molecule. For instance, 2-butyne becomes cis-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Birch reduction<\/strong>, which uses sodium in liquid ammonia, adds hydrogen atoms to opposite sides of the triple bond (anti-addition), producing the trans-alkene<\/strong>, such as trans-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
A different reaction is oxidation using hot, alkaline KMnO\u2084<\/strong>, which cleaves the triple bond. The sp-hybridized carbon atoms are oxidized to carboxylic acids. If oxidation of an alkyne yields two acetic acid molecules, the alkyne must be 2-butyne<\/strong>, indicating the original triple bond was internal and symmetric.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn synthesis, choosing the right reagents enables chemists to selectively create cis- or trans-alkenes<\/strong> from alkynes, or to fully reduce or cleave them. These predictable pathways make alkynes valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Critical thinking question (20 Points) The triple bond in alkynes can be reduced by hydrogenation reactions. Depending on the reagent used, different reduction products are obtained as described below: Complete reduction -Hydrogenation by H2(g) in presence of an active catalyst (Pd or Pt) in ethanol at RT, adds two moles of hydrogen across the triple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd\/BaSO\u2084 (Lindlar’s catalyst), ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
(b) Birch reduction of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2[H] \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (trans-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: Na, NH\u2083(l), RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(c) Complete hydrogenation of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2083 (butane)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd or Pt, ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(d) Propose a synthesis for the following alkene from an alkyne:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTarget alkene<\/strong>: cis-2-butene
Synthesis<\/strong>:
Start with 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083), use Lindlar’s catalyst for partial hydrogenation.<\/p>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 (1 mol) \u2014(Pd\/BaSO\u2084)\u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(e) Oxidation by hot KMnO\u2084 yields: CH\u2083COOH and HOOCCH\u2083<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThis indicates symmetric cleavage of an internal alkyne into two acetic acid molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + [O] \u2192 2 CH\u2083COOH
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: KMnO\u2084 (hot, conc.), KOH, H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\nStarting alkyne<\/strong>: 2-butyne<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExplanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAlkynes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond, which can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. These reactions vary based on the reagents and conditions used. One important transformation is hydrogenation<\/strong>\u2014the addition of hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\nComplete hydrogenation<\/strong> involves adding two moles of hydrogen to the alkyne using catalysts like Pd or Pt. This fully saturates the triple bond, producing an alkane. For example, hydrogenation of 2-butyne yields butane.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn contrast, partial hydrogenation<\/strong> only adds one mole of hydrogen, reducing the alkyne to an alkene. Two distinct pathways exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n- Catalytic partial reduction<\/strong> using Lindlar\u2019s catalyst<\/strong> (Pd\/BaSO\u2084) results in the cis-alkene<\/strong>. This is a stereoselective reaction due to the syn-addition of hydrogen on the same face of the molecule. For instance, 2-butyne becomes cis-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Birch reduction<\/strong>, which uses sodium in liquid ammonia, adds hydrogen atoms to opposite sides of the triple bond (anti-addition), producing the trans-alkene<\/strong>, such as trans-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
A different reaction is oxidation using hot, alkaline KMnO\u2084<\/strong>, which cleaves the triple bond. The sp-hybridized carbon atoms are oxidized to carboxylic acids. If oxidation of an alkyne yields two acetic acid molecules, the alkyne must be 2-butyne<\/strong>, indicating the original triple bond was internal and symmetric.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn synthesis, choosing the right reagents enables chemists to selectively create cis- or trans-alkenes<\/strong> from alkynes, or to fully reduce or cleave them. These predictable pathways make alkynes valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Critical thinking question (20 Points) The triple bond in alkynes can be reduced by hydrogenation reactions. Depending on the reagent used, different reduction products are obtained as described below: Complete reduction -Hydrogenation by H2(g) in presence of an active catalyst (Pd or Pt) in ethanol at RT, adds two moles of hydrogen across the triple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2[H] \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (trans-2-butene)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: Na, NH\u2083(l), RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
(c) Complete hydrogenation of A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2083 (butane)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd or Pt, ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(d) Propose a synthesis for the following alkene from an alkyne:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTarget alkene<\/strong>: cis-2-butene
Synthesis<\/strong>:
Start with 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083), use Lindlar’s catalyst for partial hydrogenation.<\/p>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 (1 mol) \u2014(Pd\/BaSO\u2084)\u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(e) Oxidation by hot KMnO\u2084 yields: CH\u2083COOH and HOOCCH\u2083<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThis indicates symmetric cleavage of an internal alkyne into two acetic acid molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + [O] \u2192 2 CH\u2083COOH
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: KMnO\u2084 (hot, conc.), KOH, H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\nStarting alkyne<\/strong>: 2-butyne<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExplanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAlkynes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond, which can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. These reactions vary based on the reagents and conditions used. One important transformation is hydrogenation<\/strong>\u2014the addition of hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\nComplete hydrogenation<\/strong> involves adding two moles of hydrogen to the alkyne using catalysts like Pd or Pt. This fully saturates the triple bond, producing an alkane. For example, hydrogenation of 2-butyne yields butane.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn contrast, partial hydrogenation<\/strong> only adds one mole of hydrogen, reducing the alkyne to an alkene. Two distinct pathways exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n- Catalytic partial reduction<\/strong> using Lindlar\u2019s catalyst<\/strong> (Pd\/BaSO\u2084) results in the cis-alkene<\/strong>. This is a stereoselective reaction due to the syn-addition of hydrogen on the same face of the molecule. For instance, 2-butyne becomes cis-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Birch reduction<\/strong>, which uses sodium in liquid ammonia, adds hydrogen atoms to opposite sides of the triple bond (anti-addition), producing the trans-alkene<\/strong>, such as trans-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
A different reaction is oxidation using hot, alkaline KMnO\u2084<\/strong>, which cleaves the triple bond. The sp-hybridized carbon atoms are oxidized to carboxylic acids. If oxidation of an alkyne yields two acetic acid molecules, the alkyne must be 2-butyne<\/strong>, indicating the original triple bond was internal and symmetric.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn synthesis, choosing the right reagents enables chemists to selectively create cis- or trans-alkenes<\/strong> from alkynes, or to fully reduce or cleave them. These predictable pathways make alkynes valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Critical thinking question (20 Points) The triple bond in alkynes can be reduced by hydrogenation reactions. Depending on the reagent used, different reduction products are obtained as described below: Complete reduction -Hydrogenation by H2(g) in presence of an active catalyst (Pd or Pt) in ethanol at RT, adds two moles of hydrogen across the triple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + 2H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2082\u2013CH\u2083 (butane)
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: H\u2082, Pd or Pt, ethanol, RT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
(d) Propose a synthesis for the following alkene from an alkyne:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTarget alkene<\/strong>: cis-2-butene
Synthesis<\/strong>:
Start with 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083), use Lindlar’s catalyst for partial hydrogenation.<\/p>\n\n\n\nReaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 (1 mol) \u2014(Pd\/BaSO\u2084)\u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(e) Oxidation by hot KMnO\u2084 yields: CH\u2083COOH and HOOCCH\u2083<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThis indicates symmetric cleavage of an internal alkyne into two acetic acid molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction<\/strong>:
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + [O] \u2192 2 CH\u2083COOH
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: KMnO\u2084 (hot, conc.), KOH, H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\nStarting alkyne<\/strong>: 2-butyne<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExplanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAlkynes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond, which can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. These reactions vary based on the reagents and conditions used. One important transformation is hydrogenation<\/strong>\u2014the addition of hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\nComplete hydrogenation<\/strong> involves adding two moles of hydrogen to the alkyne using catalysts like Pd or Pt. This fully saturates the triple bond, producing an alkane. For example, hydrogenation of 2-butyne yields butane.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn contrast, partial hydrogenation<\/strong> only adds one mole of hydrogen, reducing the alkyne to an alkene. Two distinct pathways exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n- Catalytic partial reduction<\/strong> using Lindlar\u2019s catalyst<\/strong> (Pd\/BaSO\u2084) results in the cis-alkene<\/strong>. This is a stereoselective reaction due to the syn-addition of hydrogen on the same face of the molecule. For instance, 2-butyne becomes cis-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Birch reduction<\/strong>, which uses sodium in liquid ammonia, adds hydrogen atoms to opposite sides of the triple bond (anti-addition), producing the trans-alkene<\/strong>, such as trans-2-butene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
A different reaction is oxidation using hot, alkaline KMnO\u2084<\/strong>, which cleaves the triple bond. The sp-hybridized carbon atoms are oxidized to carboxylic acids. If oxidation of an alkyne yields two acetic acid molecules, the alkyne must be 2-butyne<\/strong>, indicating the original triple bond was internal and symmetric.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn synthesis, choosing the right reagents enables chemists to selectively create cis- or trans-alkenes<\/strong> from alkynes, or to fully reduce or cleave them. These predictable pathways make alkynes valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Critical thinking question (20 Points) The triple bond in alkynes can be reduced by hydrogenation reactions. Depending on the reagent used, different reduction products are obtained as described below: Complete reduction -Hydrogenation by H2(g) in presence of an active catalyst (Pd or Pt) in ethanol at RT, adds two moles of hydrogen across the triple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Synthesis<\/strong>:
Start with 2-butyne (CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083), use Lindlar’s catalyst for partial hydrogenation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reaction<\/strong>: This indicates symmetric cleavage of an internal alkyne into two acetic acid molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reaction<\/strong>: Starting alkyne<\/strong>: 2-butyne<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alkynes are hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon triple bond, which can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. These reactions vary based on the reagents and conditions used. One important transformation is hydrogenation<\/strong>\u2014the addition of hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Complete hydrogenation<\/strong> involves adding two moles of hydrogen to the alkyne using catalysts like Pd or Pt. This fully saturates the triple bond, producing an alkane. For example, hydrogenation of 2-butyne yields butane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In contrast, partial hydrogenation<\/strong> only adds one mole of hydrogen, reducing the alkyne to an alkene. Two distinct pathways exist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n A different reaction is oxidation using hot, alkaline KMnO\u2084<\/strong>, which cleaves the triple bond. The sp-hybridized carbon atoms are oxidized to carboxylic acids. If oxidation of an alkyne yields two acetic acid molecules, the alkyne must be 2-butyne<\/strong>, indicating the original triple bond was internal and symmetric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In synthesis, choosing the right reagents enables chemists to selectively create cis- or trans-alkenes<\/strong> from alkynes, or to fully reduce or cleave them. These predictable pathways make alkynes valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Critical thinking question (20 Points) The triple bond in alkynes can be reduced by hydrogenation reactions. Depending on the reagent used, different reduction products are obtained as described below: Complete reduction -Hydrogenation by H2(g) in presence of an active catalyst (Pd or Pt) in ethanol at RT, adds two moles of hydrogen across the triple […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + H\u2082 (1 mol) \u2014(Pd\/BaSO\u2084)\u2192 CH\u2083\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH\u2083 (cis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n(e) Oxidation by hot KMnO\u2084 yields: CH\u2083COOH and HOOCCH\u2083<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
CH\u2083\u2013C\u2261C\u2013CH\u2083 + [O] \u2192 2 CH\u2083COOH
Reagents\/Conditions<\/strong>: KMnO\u2084 (hot, conc.), KOH, H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nExplanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"