{"id":244722,"date":"2025-07-05T09:57:12","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T09:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=244722"},"modified":"2025-07-05T09:57:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T09:57:14","slug":"classes-of-immunoglobulins-are-listed-below","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2025\/07\/05\/classes-of-immunoglobulins-are-listed-below\/","title":{"rendered":"Classes of immunoglobulins are listed below."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Classes of immunoglobulins are listed below. Match the following statements with the appropriate antibody class. Answers may be used more than once. a. IgA b. IgM c. IgG d. IgD e. IgE _ First antibodies produced in response to initial infection <\/strong><\/em><\/strong>Found on the surface of B cells. Present during allergic responses.<\/strong> Primarily found in glandular secretions. Only antibody to cross the placenta _<\/strong><\/em> Present in highest concentration in serum 2. Choose one of the following ways by which antibodies result in the destruction or removal of an antigen. List the item you choose and give a sentence description of it. a. agglutination b. neutralization c. opsonization. 3. Define primary immune response for antibody production. 4. What is the role of the plasma cell in the primary response for antibody production? What is the role of a memory B cell in a secondary immune response?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Correct Answer and Explanation is:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ere are the solutions to the chemistry problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Correct Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Net Ionic Equation:<\/strong>
CH\u2083COOH + NO\u2082\u207b \u2192 CH\u2083COO\u207b + HNO\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) At equilibrium the reactants will be favored.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Explanation:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) Net Ionic Equation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The problem describes mixing aqueous acetic acid (CH\u2083COOH) and aqueous sodium nitrite (NaNO\u2082).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Acetic acid (CH\u2083COOH)<\/strong>\u00a0is a weak acid, so it does not dissociate completely in water and is written in its molecular form in a net ionic equation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Sodium nitrite (NaNO\u2082)<\/strong>\u00a0is a soluble ionic salt that dissociates completely into sodium ions (Na\u207a) and nitrite ions (NO\u2082\u207b). The sodium ion (Na\u207a) is a spectator ion, as it does not participate in the acid-base reaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • The nitrite ion (NO\u2082\u207b) is the conjugate base of the weak acid nitrous acid (HNO\u2082), so it will act as a base.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    The reaction is an acid-base reaction where the acid (CH\u2083COOH) donates a proton (H\u207a) to the base (NO\u2082\u207b). This forms the conjugate base of acetic acid, the acetate ion (CH\u2083COO\u207b), and the conjugate acid of the nitrite ion, nitrous acid (HNO\u2082). The resulting net ionic equation is:
    CH\u2083COOH + NO\u2082\u207b \u2192 CH\u2083COO\u207b + HNO\u2082<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    (2) Equilibrium Position<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Acid-base equilibria always favor the side with the weaker acid and weaker base. To determine which side is favored, we compare the strengths of the two acids involved: acetic acid (reactants) and nitrous acid (products).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Ka for acetic acid (CH\u2083COOH) = 1.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ka for nitrous acid (HNO\u2082) = 4.5 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2074<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Since the Ka of acetic acid (1.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075) is smaller than the Ka of nitrous acid (4.5 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2074), acetic acid is the weaker acid. Because the equilibrium favors the formation of the weaker species, the reaction will favor the side with acetic acid. Therefore, the reactants<\/strong> will be favored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (3) pH of the Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      To determine the pH of the final solution, we must compare the strength of the initial acid (CH\u2083COOH) with the strength of the initial base (NO\u2082\u207b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • The acid strength is given by its Ka: Ka(CH\u2083COOH) = 1.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • The base strength of the nitrite ion (NO\u2082\u207b) is given by its Kb. We can calculate Kb using the Ka of its conjugate acid (HNO\u2082) and the ion-product constant for water (Kw = 1.0 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u2074):
        Kb(NO\u2082\u207b) = Kw \/ Ka(HNO\u2082) = (1.0 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u2074) \/ (4.5 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2074) \u2248 2.2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u00b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Now, we compare the Ka of the acid to the Kb of the base:
        Ka(CH\u2083COOH) = 1.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075
        Kb(NO\u2082\u207b) = 2.2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u00b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Since Ka is much larger than Kb (1.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075 > 2.2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u00b9), the acidic properties of acetic acid are stronger than the basic properties of the nitrite ion. This means the solution will be acidic, and the pH will be less than<\/strong> seven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Classes of immunoglobulins are listed below. Match the following statements with the appropriate antibody class. Answers may be used more than once. a. IgA b. IgM c. IgG d. IgD e. IgE _ First antibodies produced in response to initial infection Found on the surface of B cells. Present during allergic responses. Primarily found in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-244722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=244722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244722\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=244722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=244722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=244722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}