{"id":251880,"date":"2025-07-10T20:46:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-10T20:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/?p=251880"},"modified":"2025-07-10T20:46:38","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T20:46:38","slug":"in-chloroforma-chcl3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/2025\/07\/10\/in-chloroforma-chcl3\/","title":{"rendered":"In chloroforma CHCL3,"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In chloroformaCHCL3,<br>(a) Assign an oxidation state to each atom in the molecule. (Hint: Draw a dot diagram first.) (b) How many electrons does the<br>atom own by oxidation-state electron bookkeeping? (c) How many more or fewer valence electrons are assigned to the<br>atom here than are present in a free<br>atom? (d) Is it correct or incorrect to say that the<br>atom in CHCL3<br>has a complete octet of valence electrons? Explain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-1-color\">The Correct Answer and Explanation is:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">) Assigning Oxidation States to Each Atom in CHCl\u2083:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carbon (C)<\/strong>: In CHCl\u2083, carbon is bonded to three chlorine atoms and one hydrogen atom. The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1, and the oxidation state of chlorine is -1. For carbon to balance out the oxidation states of the atoms around it, it must have an oxidation state of <strong>+4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hydrogen (H)<\/strong>: Hydrogen in CHCl\u2083 is bonded to carbon. Hydrogen always has an oxidation state of <strong>+1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chlorine (Cl)<\/strong>: Each chlorine atom in CHCl\u2083 is bonded to carbon. Chlorine, being a halogen, typically has an oxidation state of <strong>-1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, the oxidation states are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carbon (C): +4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydrogen (H): +1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chlorine (Cl): -1 (for each chlorine atom)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(b) Oxidation-State Electron Bookkeeping:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The oxidation state electron bookkeeping method involves counting the electrons assigned to each atom based on its oxidation state:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carbon (C) in the +4 oxidation state has <strong>4<\/strong> electrons assigned to it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydrogen (H) in the +1 oxidation state has <strong>1<\/strong> electron assigned to it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chlorine (Cl) in the -1 oxidation state has <strong>7<\/strong> electrons assigned to each chlorine atom (since chlorine normally has 7 valence electrons and the oxidation state of -1 means it &#8220;gains&#8221; one electron).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(c) Comparison with Free Atom Electrons:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carbon (C)<\/strong>: A neutral carbon atom has 4 valence electrons (since it&#8217;s in group 14). In CHCl\u2083, carbon has an oxidation state of +4, meaning it has lost all of its valence electrons. This results in <strong>4 fewer<\/strong> valence electrons than in a free carbon atom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hydrogen (H)<\/strong>: A neutral hydrogen atom has 1 valence electron. In CHCl\u2083, hydrogen also has 1 valence electron, so there are <strong>no differences<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chlorine (Cl)<\/strong>: A neutral chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons. In CHCl\u2083, chlorine has an oxidation state of -1, meaning it has gained 1 electron. Therefore, each chlorine atom has <strong>1 more<\/strong> electron than it would as a free atom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(d) Complete Octet of Valence Electrons:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of a &#8220;complete octet&#8221; means that an atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell, which is the most stable configuration. In CHCl\u2083:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carbon<\/strong>: It has 4 valence electrons and is bonded to 4 atoms (one hydrogen and three chlorine atoms). Carbon does <strong>not<\/strong> have a complete octet; it is one electron short of 8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hydrogen<\/strong>: It has only 1 valence electron and forms a single bond with carbon. Hydrogen can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons in its valence shell, so it has a <strong>complete duet<\/strong>, but not a complete octet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chlorine<\/strong>: Each chlorine atom has 8 valence electrons (7 from its own and 1 from the bond with carbon), so <strong>each chlorine atom does have a complete octet<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, while the chlorine atoms have complete octets, the carbon atom does not have a complete octet. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the atom in CHCl\u2083 has a complete octet of valence electrons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/learnexams-banner6-182.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251881\"\/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In chloroformaCHCL3,(a) Assign an oxidation state to each atom in the molecule. (Hint: Draw a dot diagram first.) (b) How many electrons does theatom own by oxidation-state electron bookkeeping? (c) How many more or fewer valence electrons are assigned to theatom here than are present in a freeatom? (d) Is it correct or incorrect to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-251880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exams-certification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=251880"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251880\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=251880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=251880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.learnexams.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=251880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}