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APHY 101 FINAL EXAM
Actual Qs and Ans - Expert-Verified Explanation -Guaranteed passing score -100 Questions and Answers
-Format: Multiple-choice / Flashcard
Question 1: endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis)
Answer:
active transport mechanism in which molecules or particles are conveyed by a vesicle in the cell
Question 2: Define catalyst
Answer:
influence the rates of chemical reactions Question 3: What is glycolysis? How does it begin and what is produced at the end?
Answer:
The 6-carbon sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol into 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules.
Question 4: What are the characteristics of DNA?
Answer:
Double-stranded DNA molecules twist to form a double helix consisting of "sugar-phosphate rails" and bases pair to form the "rungs."
Question 5: transcytosis
Answer:
the transport of macromolecular cargo from one side of a cell to the other within a membrane-bounded carrier
Question 6: Neutral solution
Answer:
pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+and OH-
Question 7: What are nucleic acids?
Answer:
Carry genes and control cell activities. Examples are RNA and DNA.
Question 8: Electron
Answer:
subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Question 9: What is a salt?
Answer:
Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
Question 10: facilitated diffusion
Answer:
a process ions use to move down their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane
Question 11: Atomic number
Answer:
number or protons in nucleus
Question 12: Define reactant
Answer:
The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
Question 13: Define amino acids
Answer:
building block of proteins
Question 14: What are lipids?
Answer:
Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Question 15: diffusion
Answer:
the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to one of lesser concentration until equilibrium is reached
Question 16: cell membrane
Answer:
regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell; participates in signal transduction; and helps cells adhere to other cells
Question 17: osmosis
Answer:
transport mechanism in which water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane toward the solution with more impermeant solute
Question 18: steroids
Answer:
- connected rings of carbon atoms; widely distributed in body; component of cell membrane; used to
synthesize hormones; example includes cholesterol
Question 19: Peroxisome
Answer:
contain enzymes that function in the synthesis of bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and detoxification of alcohol
Question 20: What is a pH scale?
Answer:
represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
Question 21: phospholipids
Answer:
major component of cell membranes; large amounts in nervous system
- fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group bound to a glycerol molecule
Question 22: filtration
Answer:
passive transport mechanism in which smaller molecules are forced through porous membranes from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure
Question 23: How do cells get the energy to make ATP?
Answer:
By breaking apart glucose molecules Question 24: What is anaerobic respiration? How many ATP are produced? Where in the cell does it take place?
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration is the process of producing cellular energy without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is a relatively fast reaction and produces 2 ATP. Anaerobic reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
Question 25: Flagella
Answer:
long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
Question 26: active transport
Answer:
a carrier molecule transports substances from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration
Question 27: Steps of the cell cycle
Answer:
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
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