BASIC CARE & COMFORT NURSING EXAM QNS & ANS 2026/2027 10Pages

1. What are the four main types of wounds and how are they classified? - The four main types of wounds are incisions, lacerations, punctures, and avulsions. They are classified according to the cause, depth, and extent of tissue damage. - Incisions are clean cuts made by sharp objects, such as knives or scissors. They have smooth edges and minimal tissue loss. - Lacerations are irregular tears or splits in the skin or underlying tissues caused by blunt force trauma, such as falls or accidents. They have jagged edges and may involve significant tissue loss or damage. - Punctures are small holes or openings in the skin or underlying tissues caused by sharp objects, such as needles or nails. They have narrow entry points and may penetrate deep into the body. - Avulsions are partial or complete detachments of the skin or underlying tissues caused by tearing or shearing forces, such as explosions or animal bites. They have large exit points and may expose bones, muscles, or organs. 2. What are the signs and symptoms of wound infection and what are the appropriate interventions? - The signs and symptoms of wound infection include redness, swelling, warmth, pain, pus, foul odor, fever, and increased drainage. The appropriate interventions include cleaning the wound with sterile saline or water, applying topical antibiotics or antiseptics, dressing the wound with sterile gauze or bandages, elevating the affected area, administering systemic antibiotics or analgesics as prescribed, monitoring vital signs and wound healing, and educating the patient on wound care and prevention of infection. 3. What are the principles of pressure ulcer prevention and management? - The principles of pressure ulcer prevention and management are to identify and eliminate the sources of pressure, friction, and shear; to assess and monitor the skin for signs of breakdown; to maintain adequate nutrition and hydration; to reposition the patient at least every two hours; to use pressure-