BIO 251 EXAM PREP VERIFIED Anatomy & Physiology COMPLETED 2026/2027 (11pages)

1. What are the three types of muscle tissue and where are they found in the human body? Give an example of a function for each type of muscle tissue. - The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements, such as walking or lifting. Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach or intestines, and is responsible for involuntary movements, such as peristalsis or digestion. 2. What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? Give an example of a stimulus and a response that involves both types of neurons. - Afferent neurons are sensory neurons that carry information from the receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). Efferent neurons are motor neurons that carry information from the CNS to the effectors, such as muscles or glands. An example of a stimulus and a response that involves both types of neurons is touching a hot object. The receptors in the skin detect the heat and send a signal to the CNS via afferent neurons. The CNS processes the signal and sends a command to the muscles in the arm to withdraw from the object via efferent neurons. 3. What are the four main types of tissues in the human body and what are their functions? - The four main types of tissues in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous. Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces, lines the cavities and forms glands. It functions as a barrier, protection, secretion and absorption. Connective tissue supports, binds and protects other tissues and organs. It functions as a framework, insulation, transport and defense. Muscular tissue contracts and produces movement. It functions as locomotion, posture, heat production and circulation. Nervous tissue conducts electrical impulses and coordinates activities. It functions as sensation, integration, communication and control.