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Neuroscience EXAM 1– USA ( 2026/2027 Update) Exam Prep with Questions and Answers
Neuroscience EXAM 1– USA ( 2026/
2026 Update) Exam Prep with Questions and
Answers
Q: sulcus limitans
Answer:
works to divide dorsal from ventral tube
Q: defects during migration stage of development
Answer:
dyslexia, lissencephaly (smooth brain)
Q: cranial nerve development
Answer:
1st: swallow & gag (14 weeks)-->V, VII, IX, X, XII
2nd: visual motor (25 weeks)-->II, III, IV, VI
3rd: hearing (28 weeks)-->VIII
4th: olfaction (31-32 weeks)-->I
Q: growth of brain due to:
Answer:
myelination, pathways/communication between axons and dendrites, vascularization
Q: CSF from:
Answer:
choroid plexus: vascular tufts within ventricles
Q: CSF circulation:
Answer:
lateral ventricles-->third ventricle-->leaves ventricular system via foramina in fourth ventricle--
>to outside surface of brain and spinal cord-->ultimately reabsorbed into venous system
Q: meninges
Answer:
membranous protective layers covering CNS;
PAD (inside-->out): pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
Q: orientation above midbrain:
Answer:
anterior=rostral
posterior=caudal
superior=dorsal
inferior=ventral
Q: orientation at midbrain and below:
Answer:
anterior=ventral
posterior=dorsal
superior=rostral
inferior=caudal
Q: orientation changes when:
Answer:
midbrain bends at diencephalon junction
Q: midbrain is ? to pons
Answer:
rostral
Q: thalamus is ? to frontal lobe
Answer:
caudal
Q: cingulate gyrus is ? to septum pellucidum
Answer:
dorsal
Q: calcarine fissure is ? to medulla
Answer:
posterior
Q: neurons
Answer:
nerve cells; compose nervous system with glial cells
cell body-->nucleus; dendrites-->short processes receive inputs to cell; axon-->carries outputs
Q: glia
Answer:
support cells; compose nervous system with neurons
Q: multipolar neurons
Answer:
having several dendrites and axons; most common
Q: bipolar neurons
Answer:
single dendrite and axon; often sensory
Q: unipolar neurons
Answer:
both axon and dendrite form a single process coming off cell body
Q: synapses
Answer:
communication between neurons; presynaptic-->synaptic vesicles; postsynaptic--
>neurotransmitter receptor
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