CPACC | 296 Updated Questions and
Answers 100% Verified | Graded A+
Medical Model – Answer View of disability as a problem of person, directly
caused by disease, trauma, or other health condition which requires sustained
medical care/individual treatment by professionals. Aimed at cure. Politically,
principle response is that of modifying/reforming health care policy
Pros of Medical Model – Answer Address biological sources of disabilities,
either by clinically curing or providing ways to medically manage conditions.
Cons of Medical Model – Answer Treats disability as a problem or inherent
characteristic of the individual. Seeks a cure or medical mgmt of a bodily
condition, often overlooking broader sociopolitical constraints imposed by
unwelcoming/inaccessible environments
Social Model – Answer View of disability as a socially-created problem and a
matter of the full integration of individuals into society. Disability is is not an
attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions, many of
which created by social environment. Mgmt requires social action and is
responsibility of society to make environ modifications necessary for full
participation of disabled people in all areas of social life. Cultural and ideological,
requires individ., community, and large-scale social change. Human rights issue
Pros of Social Model – Answer Focus on disabling conditions in environment
and society makes it clear that barriers experienced by people w/ disabilities are
not inevitable, nor exclusively a characteristic of individual’s “broken” body
Cons of Social Model – Answer Can downplay embodied aspects of disabilities
too much as if it had nothing to do with bodily characteristics at all. Can also put
activists at odds with people with other political interests
Biopsychosocial Model – Answer View of disability which synthesizes medical
and social models. ICF is based on this model (which provides a coherent view of
different perspectives of health: biological, individual, and social)
Economic Model – Answer View of disability which defines disability by a
person’s inability to participate in work. Assesses the degree to which impairment
affects an individ’s productivity and the economic consequences for the individ,
employer, and state. Loss of earnings, payment for assistance, lower profit
margins for employer, state welfare payments. Directly related to charity model
Economic Model Pros – Answer Recognizes the effect of bodily limitations on
a person’s ability to work, and there may be need for economic
support/accommodations for the person’s disability
Economic Model Cons – Answer Creates a legally defined category of people
who are needy (stigmatizing). If a person doesn’t meet legal threshold for
disabled, or dispute, person with disability may not receive support
Functional Solutions Model – Answer View of disability that is a practical
perspective that identifies the limitations (functional impairments) due to
disability, with the intent to create and promote solutions to overcome
limitations. Primary task to eliminate/reduce impact of functional limitations of
the body through technological or methodological innovation. Pragmatism of
model deemphasizes sociopolitical aspects of disability, and prioritizes
inventiveness and entrepreneurship
Functional Solutions Model Pros – Answer Results-oriented. Seeks to provide
solutions to real-world challenges, while sidestepping often-convoluted
sociopolitical implications of disability within society
Functional Solutions Model Cons – Answer Profit-driven entrepreneurs can
sometimes miss the mark, creating innovative products that may not be practical
or useful, or which may be of more benefit to the innovators than to the target
population, especially if proposed solutions are expensive. De-emphasis on
socioeconomic issues can cause innovators to ignore most important aspects of
original problem
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model – Answer View of disability which
refers to a sense of deriving one’s personal identity from membership within a
group of like-minded individuals. Most evident among deaf because of shared
linguistic experience as sign language users. Close-knit linguistic minority.
Common life experiences and interests
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model Pros – Answer Accepts person’s
disability completely and uses it as a point of pride in being associated with other
people in a similar condition
Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model Cons – Answer Sense of belonging
felt by one group of people can be counterbalanced by a feeling of exclusion by
people who don’t fit group’s expectations
Charity Model – Answer View of disability which regards people with
disabilities as unfortunate and in need of outside assistance, with those providing
it viewed as benevolent contributors to a needy population
Charity Model Pros – Answer Can inspire people to contribute their
time/resources to provide assistance when it is genuinely needed
Charity Model Cons – Answer Can be condescending toward people with
disabilities, who may resent feeling of being object of pity, and that they must
depend on accepting pity on continual basis. Often focuses on short-term,
immediate needs, often at the expense of more comprehensive, effective, longterm solutions
Visual disabilities – Answer Sensory disabilities that can range from some
amount of vision loss, loss of visual acuity, or increased/decreased sensitivity to
specific or bright colors, to complete or uncorrectable loss of vision in either or
both eyes
Blindness – Answer Sensory disability involving nearly complete vision loss
Blindness characteristics – Answer Some without ability to see anything
Some can perceive light vs. dark or general shapes of large objects but cannot
read text or recognize people by sight
How many people globally have a vision impairment or blindness? – Answer
2.2 billion people
How many people have a vision impairment that could have been prevented or
has yet to be addressed? – Answer At least 1 billion. Includes those with
moderate or severe distance vision impairment or blindness due to unaddressed
refractive error, as well as near vision impairment caused by unaddressed
presbyopia
What is the age of the majority of people with vision impairment? – Answer
Over 50 years of age
What are the leading causes of vision impairment? – Answer Uncorrected
refractive errors and cataracts
Color blindness – Answer A sensory disability that impairs a person’s ability to
distinguish certain color combinations
Color blindness characteristics – Answer Affects individual’s ability to
distinguish reds and greens, although other colors may be affected
Most common form of color vision deficiency – Answer Red-green color vision
defects. Affects males more than females
Among populations with Northern European ancestry, what is red-green color
vision defect occurence in male vs. females? – Answer 1 in 12 males, 1 in 200
females
Blue-yellow color vision defects occurs in how many people worldwide? –
Answer Fewer than 1 in 10,000 people. Affects males and females equally
Blue cone monochromacy occurs in how many people worldwide? – Answer 1
in 100,000 people. Affects males more often than females