2026 Grays Anatomy Review Questions ;Head and Neck

2026 Grays Anatomy Review Questions ;Head and Neck

2026 grays anatomy review questions ;head and neck
A 2-month-old male infant had a small pit at the anterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle, with mucus dripping intermittently from the
opening. The pit extended to the tonsillar fossa as a branchial fistula. Which of
the following embryologic structure(s) is (are) involved in this anomaly?
A. Second pharyngeal arch
B. Second pharyngeal pouch and groove
C. Third pharyngeal pouch
D. Thyroglossal duct
E. Second pharyngeal pouch and cervical sinus
E
A 2-day-old infant was born with a cleft palate. The major portion of the palate
develops from which of the following embryonic structures?
A. Lateral palatine process
B. Median palatine process
C. Intermaxillary segment
D. Median nasal prominences
E. Frontonasal eminence
A
A 3-day-old infant has a small area of the right iris missing, and a diagnosis of
coloboma of the iris is made. Which of the following is the most likely
embryologic cause of the coloboma?
A. Failure of the retinal/choroid fissure to close
B. Abnormal neural crest formation
C. Abnormal interactions between the optic vesicle and ectoderm
D. Posterior chamber cavitation
E. Weak adhesion between the inner and outer layers of the optic vesicle
A
Early closure of the fontanelles of the infant skull can result in compression of
the brain, restricting brain growth. Which of the following fontanelles is located at
the junction of sagittal and coronal sutures and at what age does this fontanelle
typically close?
A. Posterior fontanelle, which closes at about 2 years
B. Mastoid fontanelle, which closes at about 16 months
C. Lambdoid fontanelle, which closes at 8 months to 1 year
D. Sphenoidal fontanelle, which closes at 3 years
E
A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital because of a soft, anterior, midline
cervical mass. When the patient is asked to protrude his tongue, the mass in the
neck is observed to move upward. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. A thyroglossal duct cyst
B. Defect in sixth pharyngeal arch
C. A branchial cyst
D. Cystic fistula of the third pharyngeal arch
E. Defect in first pharyngeal arch
A
A 2-day-old infant male has a noticeable gap inhis upper lip. The diagnosis is a
cleft lip. Failure of fusion of which of the following structures is the most likely
cause of this anomaly?
A. Lateral nasal and maxillary prominences/ processes
B. Medial nasal prominences/processes
C. Lateral nasal and medial nasal prominences/
processes
D. Lateral prominences/processes
E. Maxillary prominences/processes and the intermaxillary segment
E
A 3-day-old male has a noticeably small mandible. A CT scan and physical
examinations reveal hypoplasia of the mandible, cleft palate, and defects of the
eye and ear. Abnormal development of which of the following pharyngeal arches
will most likely produce such symptoms?
A. First arch
B. Second arch
C. Third arch
D. Fourth arch
E. Sixth arch
A
A 5-day-old infant male has an abnormally large head. A CT scan examination
reveals enlarged lateral and third ventricles but a normal-size fourth ventricle.
Stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) is suspected. Which of the
following conditions will be characteristic of these symptoms?
A. Nonobstructive hydrocephalus
B. Anencephaly
C. Obstructive hydrocephalus
D. Meroanencephaly
E. Holoprosencephaly
C
A 3-month-old male infant has a lump in his neck. A biopsy of the lump shows it
to be thymic tissue. Based on embryonic origin, which of the following additional
structures is most likely to have an ectopic location?
A. Jugulodigastric lymph node
B. Lingual tonsil
C. Parathyroid gland
D. Submandibular gland E. Thyroid gland
C
A 3-month-old male is under observation in the pediatric clinic. The patient has
no thymus, congenital parathyroidism, and thyroid hypoplasia. Abnormal
development of which of the following pharyngeal pouches or arches will most
likely produce these defects?
A. First and second
B. Second and third
C. Third and fourth
D. Fourth
E. Fourth and sixth
C

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