514 SPORT MODULE: CONCUSSION EXAM QUESTIONS

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514 SPORT MODULE: CONCUSSION EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -60 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Signs of Acute Concussion (12)

Answer:

SS DG LV PELVIS

· Personality changes · Inappropriate playing behavior / decreased playing ability · Loss of consciousness / impaired conscious state · Easily distracted / poor concentration · Poor coordination or balance · Inappropriate emotions (e.g. laughing, crying) · Concussive convulsion / impact seizure · Vomiting · Gait unsteadiness / loss of balance · Vacant stare / glassy eyed · Slow to answer questions or follow directions · Slurred speech Question 2: The pocket SCAT-5 contains:

Answer:

• Red flags

• Observable signs

• Symptoms

• Memory assessment (Maddock's Questions)

• Advice for athletes with suspected concussion

Question 3: Do Mouthguards prevent Concussions?

Answer:

· Theorized to decrease dental or orofacial injury as well as concussion.· Effectiveness of mouthguards in reducing neurocognitive deficits following sports-related cerebral concussion (Mihalik et al., 2007)

• Mouthguards highly effective in reducing dental and facial trauma
• No strong evidence that mouthguards reduce concussion risk

Question 4: Concussion leads to an alteration in? 5 General Rx? 4

Answer:

Alteration in:

• Ion transport regulation
• Cellular metabolism
• Cerebral blood flow
• Neurotransmitter release
• Cell membrane permeability (fatigue)

-Rest Important in the first 24-48 hrs.· Injury grading scales have been abandoned in favor of combined measures of recovery to determine injury severity and to individually guide return to play decisions.-Window of recovery thought to be 10-14 days.-However, some research show it make take up to 45 days.-Physiological dysfunction may outlast current clinical measures of recovery - allow a "buffer zone" before resuming full contact sports.

Question 5: SCAT-5 Key points 5

Answer:

· Any athlete with suspected concussion should be REMOVED FROM PLAY, medically assessed and monitored for deterioration. No athlete diagnosed with concussion should be returned to play on the day of injury.· If an athlete is suspected of having a concussion and medical personnel are not immediately available, the athlete should be referred to a medical facility for urgent assessment.· Athletes with suspected concussion should not drink alcohol, use recreational drugs and should not drive a motor vehicle until cleared to do so by a medical professional.· Concussion signs and symptoms evolve over time and it is important to consider repeat evaluation in the assessment of concussion.· The diagnosis of a concussion is a clinical judgment, made by a medical professional. The SCAT5 should NOT be used by itself to make, or exclude, the diagnosis of concussion. An athlete may have a

concussion even if their SCAT5 is "normal".

Question 6: Concussion etiology

Answer:

• Caused by direct blow to head/face/neck or elsewhere on the body (impulsive force transmitted to

head) (indirect).

• Results in rapid onset of short-lived impairment of neurologic function that resolves spontaneously.

• May result in neuropathological changes but the acute clinical symptoms largely reflect a functional

disturbance rather than a structural injury.

• Results in a graded set of clinical syndromes that may or may not involve the loss of consciousness.

• Typically associated with grossly normal structural neuroimaging studies

Question 7: Definition of Concussion (2+at least 4)

Answer:

· Sports concussion is a brain injury and is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. (Zurich, 2012) · A mild traumatic brain injury

At least one or more of the following:

-Loss of consciousness (most concussions do not involve LOC) -Loss of memory of events immediately before or after the accident -Any alteration in mental state -Focal neurological deficit

Question 8: What does the Bontrager WaveCel do? (Bliven et al., 2019)

Answer:

· Linear acceleration: SLIP no different than control, CELL 16-26% better than CONTROL.· Rotational acceleration: SLIP 21-44% better than CONTROL, CELL 34-73% better than CONTROL.· Rotational velocity: SLIP 15-67% better than CONTROL. CELL 50-85% better than CONTROL.· Brain Injury Risk Protection: SLIP reduced probability by 32-91%. CELL reduced probability by

81-93%.

· Skull fracture: CONTROL (EPS) helmets can help prevent.

· EPS = extruded polystyrene; SLIP = MIPS; CELL = WaveCel

Question 9: Why are concussion rates going up? 4

What sports have higher incidences of concussions?

Answer:

Increasing rate of concussion over last 20 years · Why?

• Heightened awareness (media attention)
• Improved diagnosis
• Reporting biases
• Athletes getting bigger, stronger, faster

Sports associated with higher incidence of concussion:

-Ice Hockey -Snowboarding -Football -Soccer -Rugby

Question 10: Why should Physiotherapist's learn about concussions?

Answer:

• It is an emerging practice area.

-Physiotherapists have skills that can help (e.g. manual therapy for Csp/TMJ, vestibular rehab skills, education on return to play (RTP) & return to learn (RTL). There are lots of continuing education courses/certification opportunities. There are multidisciplinary clinics specializing in concussion management.

• We see patients with concussions first hand.

-ICBC patients -WSBC patients -Military/Para-military

-Private patients: school, home

Question 11: Symptoms of Acute Concussion (14)

Answer:

(MHHNN BCCDD FIVS)

· Headache or pressure in the head · Fatigue or low energy, drowsiness · Neck pain · Difficulty remembering · Balance problems or dizziness · Difficulty concentrating · Nausea · Irritability or emotional changes

· Vision problems (seeing stars, double vision: diplopia)